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一、中文書籍 尹慶耀,蘇維埃帝國的消亡(台北:五南圖書出版公司,民國八十三年)。 尹慶耀等著,蘇聯(台北:國立政治大學國際關係研究中心,民國七十二年四月)。 王正泉主編,從列寧到戈爾巴喬夫-蘇聯政治體制的演變(北京:中國人民大學出版社,一九八九年五月)。 王福春,毀譽參半---赫魯雪夫(北京:學苑出版社,一九九七年一月)。 戈爾巴喬夫言論選集(北京:人民出版社,一九八七年三月)。 戈爾巴喬夫關於改革的講話(北京:人民出版社,一九八七年三月)。 仝志敏,社會主義國家幹部管理體制改革(北京:光明日報出版社,一九八八年七月)。 史達林欽定,聯共(布)黨史簡明教程,中共譯本(北京:人民出版社,一九七五年)。 共產黨原始資料選集(台北:中華民國國際關係研究所,國立政治大學東亞研究所,民國五十八年十月)。 列寧選集(北京;人民出版社,一九七二年)。 列寧全集(北京:人民出版社,一九五九年)。 李忠杰、徐耀新、魏力,社會主義改革史(北京:春秋出版社,一九八八年二月)。 李邁先,俄國史(台北:正中書局,民國七十八年十月)。 沈志華等編著,蘇聯共產黨九十三年-1989年至1991年蘇共歷史大事實錄(北京:當代中國出版社,一九九三年五月)。 畢英賢譯,蘇聯,增修版(台北:國立政治大學國際關係研究中心,民國七十八年十二月)。 唐治寧譯,「黨的改革與幹部政策」,匪俄問題譯叢(十七)(台北:國防部總政治作戰部,民國七十七年十月)。 郭壽華著,蘇俄通鑑(台北:大亞洲出版社,民國六○年)。 葉自成,俄羅斯政府與政治(台北:揚智文化,民國八十六年)。 趙春山,蘇聯領導權力的轉移-從列寧到戈巴契夫(台北:桂冠圖書公司,民國七十九年四月)。 趙長峰主編,蘇聯解體與東歐巨變(濟南:山東社會科學院蘇聯東歐研究課題組,一九九二年四月)。 關素質,蘇俄黨政演變之評析,上冊(台北:黎明文化事業公司,民國七十二年八月)。 蘇梅鳳、卓松呈主編,中國公務員制度(湖北:華中理工大學出版社,一九八八年四月)。 蘇聯大百科全書,第十三卷,劉丕坤譯本(北京:人民出版社,一九五四年)。 二、中文期刊 尹慶耀,「從蘇共第二十七次大會看蘇聯前途」,問題與研究,第二十五卷,第七期,民國七十五年四月。 尹慶耀,「戈巴契夫執政後的蘇聯」,問題與研究,第二十六卷,第十一期,民國七十六年八月。 李巧石、王台珍譯,黨綱新版本(由蘇共廿七大通過)。 李巧石譯,「戈巴契夫在蘇共第十九次黨代表會議報告摘要」,問題與研究,第廿七卷,第十二期,民國七十七年九月。 畢英賢,「蘇共『二十七大』對上層權力結構的調整」,問題與研究,第二十五卷,第七期,民國七十五年四月。 畢英賢,「蘇聯的經濟改革與民主化」,問題與研究,第二十六卷,第六期,民國七十六年三月。 陳之驥,「勃列日涅夫時期蘇聯的主要問題和歷史教訓」,東歐中亞研究,第六期,一九九八年。 塔其,「蘇聯動態述評」,問題與研究,第廿九卷,第二期,民國七十八年十一月。 趙威,「蘇共中央委員會書記處」,共黨問題研究,第十一卷,第四期,民國七十四年四月。 三、英文書籍 Armstrong, John A., Ideology, Politics and Government in the Soviet Union revised edition ( New York : Praeger, 1967 ) Barghoorn, Frederick C., Politics in the USSR ( Boston : Little Brown, 1986 ) Belloni, Frank P. & Beller, Dennis C. eds., Faction Politics : Political Parties and Factionalism in Comparative Perspective ( California : ABC-Clio Inc., 1978 ) Bertsch, Gary K., Power and Policy in Communist System ( New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978 ) Bialer, Seweryn & Gustafson, Thane eds., Russian at the Crossroads : The 26th Congress of the CPSU ( London : Allen & Unwin, 1982 ) Braham, Randolph L. ed., Soviet Politics and Government ( New York : Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1965 ) Calvert, Peter, Politics, Power and Revolution : A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Government ( New York : St. Martin’s Press, 1983 ) Carr, E. H., The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-23, Vol. II, ( London : The Macmillan Press, 1951 ) Clark, Dymphna, The Soviet Politburo ( New York : St. Martin’s Press, 1982 ) Clark, William A., Crime and Punishment in Soviet Officialdom : Combating Corruption in the Political Elite, 1965-1990 ( New York : M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1993 ) Conquest, Robert, Power and Policy in the USSR : the Study of Soviet Dynastics ( New York : St. Martin’s Press, 1961 ) Dmytryshyn, Basil ed., Imperial Russia : A Source Book, 1700-1917 3rd edition ( Florida : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1990 ) Fainsod, Merle, How Russia Is Ruled, revised edition ( Cambridge : Harvard University, 1967 ) Fainsod, Merle, Smolensk under Soviet Rule ( Cambridge : Harvard University, 1958 ) Goldman, Marshall I., USSR in Crisis ( New York : W. W. Norton, 1983 ) Green, Barbara B., The Dynamics of Russian Politics ( New York : Praeger Publishers, 1994 ) Harasymiw, Bohdan, Political Elite Recruitment in the Soviet Union ( New York : St. Martin’s Press, 1984 ) Harding, Neil ed., The State in Socialist Society ( London : The Macmillan Press, 1984 ) Hill, Ronald J. & Frank, Peter, The Soviet Communist Party ( London : Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1981 ) Hoffman, Erik P. & Laird, Robbin F. eds., The Soviet Polity in the Modern Era ( New York : Aldine Publishing Company, 1984 ) Hough, Jerry, The Soviet Prefects : The Local Party Organs in Industrial Decision-making ( Cambridge : Harvard University Press 1969 ) Hough, Jerry & Fainsod, Merle, How the Soviet Union Is Governed ( Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1979 ) Kelley, Donald R., The Politics of Developed of Socialism : The Soviet Union as a Post-Industrial State ( New York : Greenwood Press, 1986 ) Kelley, Donald R. ed., Soviet Politics in the Brezhnev Era ( New York : Praeger, 1980 ) Lane, David ed., Elites and Political Power in the USSR ( Aldershot : Edward Elgar, 1988 ) Linden, Carl A., The Soviet Party-State : The Politics of Ideocratic Despotism ( New York : Praeger, 1983 ) Miller, F. & Feher, F. eds., Khrushchev and the Communist World ( New Jersey : Barnes & Noble Books, 1984 ) McCauley, Martin, The Soviet Union 1917-1991, 2nd edition ( New York : Addison Wesley Longman Inc., 1996 ) McCauley, Martin ed., Khrushchev and Khrushchevism, ( London : Macmillan, 1987 ) Moore, Barrington Jr., Soviet Politics-The Dilemma of Power ( Cambridge : Harvard University, 1950 ) Murphy, Paul J., Brezhnev : Soviet Politician ( Jefferson, N. C., McFarland & Co., 1981 ) Nogee, Joseph L. ed., Soviet Politics : Russia after Brezhnev ( New York : Praeger, 1985 ) Osborn, Robert Jr., The Evolution of Soviet Politics ( Illinois : Homewood Dorsey Press, 1974 ) Pipes, Richard ed., Soviet Strategy in Europe ( New York : Crane, Russak Company, Inc., 1976 ) Reshetar, John S. Jr., The Soviet Polity : Government and Politics in the USSR, 2nd edition ( New York : Harper & Row Publishers, 1978 ) Rigby, Thomas H., Political Elites in the USSR : Central Leaders and Local Cadres from Lenin to Gorbachev ( Aldershot : Edward Elgar, 1990 ) Rigby, T. H., Communist Party Membership in the USSR, 1917-1967 ( New Jersey : Princeton University Press, 1968 ) Rigby, Thomas H. & Brown ,Archie & Reddaway, Peter eds., Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR ( London : The Macmillan Press, 1978 ) Rigby, Thomas H. & Feher, Ferenc eds., Political Legitimation in Communist States ( London : Macmillan, 1982 ) Rigby, Thomas H. & Harasymiew, Bohdan eds., Leadership Selection and Patron-Client Relations in the USSR and Yugoslavia ( London : Allen & Unwin, 1983 ) Sakwa, Richard, Soviet Politics ( London : Routledge, 1990 ) Schapiro, Leonard, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 2nd edition ( New York : Random House, 1971 ) Scott, Derek J. R., Russian Political Institutions ( New York : Praeger, 1961 ) Smith, Gordon B., Soviet Politics : Continuity and Contradiction ( New York : St. Martin’s Press, 1988 ) Smith, Gordon B., Soviet Politics : Struggling with Change, 2nd edition ( New York : St. Martin’s, 1992 ) Smith, Gordon B. ed., Public Policy and Administration in the Soviet Union ( New York : Praeger, 1980 ) Thompson, Terry L., Ideology and Policy : The Political Use of Doctrine in the USSR ( Boulder, Colo : Westview Press, 1989 ) Treadgold, Donald W., Twentieth Century Russia, 4th edition ( Chicago : Rand McNally College Publishing Company, 1976 ) Voslensky, Michael trans. by Mosbacher, Eric, Nomenklatura : The Soviet Ruling Class ( New York, Doubleday, 1984 ) Weeks, Albert L., The Soviet Nomenklatura-A Comprehensive Roster of Soviet Civilian and Military Officials 2nd edition ( Washington, D. C. : The Washington Institute Press, 1989 ) Wolfe, Bertram D., Khrushchev and Stalin’s Ghost ( Connecticut : Westport, Greenwood Press, Publishers, 1957 ) Zdenek, Mlynar, Can Gorbachev Change the Soviet Union ? ( San Francisco / Oxford : Westview Press, 1990 ) 四、英文期刊 Aspaturian, Vernon V., “ The Brezhnev Legacy : Leadership Uncertainty in the Kremlin, ” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1985. Blackwell, Robert E. Jr., “ Cadres Policy in the Brezhnev Era, ” Problems of Communism, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1979. Friedgut, Theodore H., “ Gorbachev and Party Reform, ” ORBIS, Vol. 30, No. 2, Summer 1986. Gaidar, Egor, “ How the Nomenklatura ‘ Privatized ’Its Own Power, ” Russian Politics and Law, Vol. 34, No. 1, 1996. Gill, Graeme, “ The Soviet Leader Cult : Reflections on the Structure of Leadership in the Soviet Union, ” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1980. Hammer, Darrell P., “ The Dilemma of Party Growth, ” Problems of Communism, Vol. 20, No. 4, July-August, 1971. Hanley, Eric , Yershova, Natasha & Anderson, Richard, “ Russia-Old Wine in a New Bottle? The Circulation and Reproduction of Russia Elite, 1983-1993, ” Theory and Society, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1995. Harasymiw, Bohdan, “ Nomenklatura : The Soviet Communist Party’s Leadership Recruitment System, ” Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1969. Hill, Ronald J., “ Party-State Relations and Soviet Political Development, ” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 10, No.2, 1980. Hill, Ronald J. & Lowenhardt, John, “ Nomenklatura and Perestroika, ” Government and Opposition, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1991. Kaplan, Cynthia S., “ Local Party Organization, ” Studies in Comparative Communism, Vol. 21, Spring 1988. Kryshtanovskaya, Olga V., “ Transformation of the Old Nomenklatura into a New Russian Elite, ” Sociological Research, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1995. Kryshtanovskaya, Olga V., “ The New Russian Elite, ” Sociological Research, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1995. Kryshtanovskaya, Olga & White, Stephen, “ From Soviet Nomenklatura to Russian Elite, ” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 48, No. 5, 1996. Nemzer, Louis, “ The Kremlin’s Professional Staff : the Apparatus of the CC, CPSU, ” American Political Science Review, No. 1, March 1950. Nove, Alec, “ Is There a Ruling Class in the USSR ? ” Soviet Studies, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1975. Nove, Alec, “ The Class Nature of the Soviet Union Revisited, ” Soviet Studies, Vol. 35, No. 3, 1983. Rigby, Thomas H., “ Early Provincial Cliques and the Rise of Stalin, ” Soviet Studies, Vol. 33, No.1, January 1981. Rigby, Thomas H., “Staffing USSR Incorporated : The Origins of the Nomenklatura System”, Soviet Studies, Vol. 40, No. 4, 1988. Rigby, Thomas H., “ The Soviet Regional Leadership : The Brezhnev Generation, ” Slavic Review, Vol. 37, January 1978. Rigby, Thomas H., “ The Soviet Leadership : Towards a Self-Stabilizing Oligarchy ? ” Soviet Studies, Vol. 22, July 1970. Rutland, Peter, “ The Research for Stability, Ideology, Discipline, and the Cohesion of the Soviet Elite, ” Studies in Comparative Communism, Vol. 24, March 1991. Schapiro, Leonard, “ Reflections on the Changing Role of the Party in the Totalitarian Polity, ” Studies in Comparative Communism, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1969. Unger, Aryeh L., “ Soviet Communist Party Membership Under Brezhnev : A Comment, ” Soviet Studies, Vol. 29, April, 1977. Willerton, John P. Jr., “ Clientelism in the Soviet Union : An Initial Examination, ” Studies in Comparative Communism, Vol. 12, Nos. 2 & 3, 1979. 五、俄文書籍和期刊 Gorbachev, Mikhail S., Perestroika i Novoe Myshlenie Dlya Nashei Strany i dlya Vsevo Mira(對我們國家和整個世界的重建及新思維)( Moskva : Izdatelstvo Politicheskoi Literatury, 1987 ) Ivanov, A., “ Nomenklatura Klass, ”(職官名錄階級)Posev, March 1973. Korzhikhina, T. P. & Figatner,Yu. Yu., “ Sovetskaya Nomenklatura : Stanovlenie, Mekhanizmy Deistviya, ”(蘇聯職官名錄:形成及制度之運作)Voprosy Istorii, July 1993. Rumyantsev, A. M. ed., Nauchnyi Kommunizm(科學的共產黨)( Moskva : Politi Zdat, 4th edition, 1983 ) Pravda |