在全球化蓬勃發展的影響之下，人類遷移的模式、頻率、路徑、動機，以及參與者類別等越發多元且複雜，除了擴充現有的遷移分類之外，也挑戰了現今社會脈絡中，人們對於「家」、「根源」、「歸屬」，以及認同本身的理解。臺灣在全球區域經濟發展的影響之下，有大量的臺商與臺幹家庭遷居馬來西亞等東南亞國家，臺商與臺幹子女便在一個或一個以上的「異鄉」成長，成為第三文化孩童。部分臺商與臺幹子女為了求學或求職，在成年之後「返回」臺灣長期居住，成為自己「家鄉」裡的隱藏性移民。「回流」遷移所帶來的「反向」文化震撼以及「母」國社會對他們的定位引起他們對原先的自我認同與定位的困惑與反思。本研究以滾雪球抽樣為主要抽樣策略，採用半結構式個人深度訪談法以及參與觀察法在馬來西亞及臺灣蒐集資料。資料分析顯示，馬來西亞臺商與臺幹子女的遷移經驗與典型的移民子女與第三文化孩童有所不同。他們的經歷有許多特殊性，包含成長於馬來西亞的臺灣飛地社群，以及透過海外聯招考試升學而被賦予了「僑生」身分。然而，他們也與典型的第三文化孩童相同，在「回流」遷移之後必須與「母」國社會協商其社會定位，在社會互動中運用矇混通關等技巧調和自我意識。本研究也發現，馬來西亞臺商與臺幹子女展現了流動的認同以及多元的「家」的想像。本研究藉由描繪馬來西亞臺商與臺幹子女跨國跨文化遷移的經歷、「返回」臺灣的社會適應過程，以及整體遷移經驗的心理歷程，分析遷移如何影響個人認同的形塑，並藉以瞭解認同在現今高度流動性的全球社會中有何不同於傳統的含意與理解，並進而勾勒出臺灣的第三文化孩童在全球人類遷移圖像中的特殊位置。

With the rapid growth of globalization come the diversifying and complexing patterns, frequencies, trajectories, motivations, and participants of human migration. This has not only contributed to an expansion of migration categories, but also challenges our notions of “home,” “roots,” “place of belonging,” as well as the concept of identity itself. One aspect of the increasing globalization of the world economy is the development of regional economies, which led to the migration of Taiwanese entrepreneurs and corporate staff to Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia since the 1980s, many of whom brought their families with them. The children of these Taiwanese entrepreneurs and corporate staff then grow up in one or more “foreign” countries, becoming “third culture kids.” Some of them “return” to Taiwan as adults for tertiary education or employment, becoming hidden immigrants in their own “homeland.” The “reverse” cultural shock they experience upon “return” migration and the social placing by their “home” society generate confusion as well as invoke reflection about their original conception of their self identity and sense of self.
This study conducted semi-structured in-depth interviewing and participant observation in Malaysia and Taiwan to collect data. It found that like typical third culture kids, the children of Taiwanese entrepreneurs and expatriates who grew up in Malaysia also experienced “reverse” cultural shock upon “return” migration to Taiwan and faced the need to employ passing strategies in order to negotiate social placing and identity. However, their migratory journey also manifest some differences from that of most typical migrant children and third culture kids. These Taiwanese children grew up in an enclave-like environment where their social networks were composed of mainly other Taiwanese; upon “return” migration, they were also labelled “overseas Chinese,” which added to the complexity of the adaptation and negotiation process. The results of t this study illustrates the cross-cultural migration trajectory of the children of Taiwanese entrepreneurs and corporate staff who grew up in Malaysia, taking into account the process of social adaptation after “return” migration and the psychological experience of their migratory life. Through an analysis of the influences of migration on the formation of one’s identity, this study not only provides an understanding of the connotations of identity beyond its traditional classifications in the context of the highly mobile global society of this age, but also shed light on the unique place of Taiwan’s third culture kids on the global map of human migration.

第一章：緒論 1
第一節：前言 1
第二節：研究動機與研究問題 2
第三節：本文章節安排 3
第二章：文獻回顧 5
第一節：回流遷移（return migration）與青年遷移（youth migration） 5
第二節：遷移過程中影響認同形塑的因素 11
第三節：臺灣遷移新現象：臺灣籍員工與企業家家庭的遷移 19
第四節：小結 20
第三章：研究設計 23
第一節：研究問題 23
第二節：研究架構圖 25
第三節：研究對象 26
第四節：田野場域 27
第五節：研究方法與資料蒐集過程 27
第六節：受訪者簡介 29
第四章：生長在「異鄉」 33
第一節：國中之國—馬來西亞社會中的臺灣飛地社群 33
（一）同類相聚的人際與交友 34
（二）臺灣的教育體制 40
（三）身處馬來西亞不諳馬來文 43
第二節：臺灣學校的教育資源 46
（一）課內活動 47
（二）校內資源 49
（三）校外資源 54
第三節：小結 55
第五章：生活在「家鄉」的「異鄉人」 57
第一節：「順其自然地」「回」臺灣 57
第二節：進入臺灣校園成為「僑」 59
第三節：自我介紹 64
第四節：重新自我定位與找尋「我群」 70
第五節：與臺灣主流社會格格不入 75
第六節：多重變化人生階段 81
（一）學習環境 81
（二）大環境、社會文化規範，以及生活細節 82
（三）不應該不適應？隱藏性移民的窘境 86
第七節：小結 88
第六章：歸屬與認同 89
第一節：哪裡是「家」？ 89
第二節：「我們」與「他們」 99
第三節：小結 103
第七章：生涯規劃—生根「家鄉」？ 105
第一節：職涯選擇與規劃 105
第二節：社會參與 111
第三節：回顧自身遷移經驗 114
（一）關於學校生活 114
（二）關於整體成長經驗 116
第四節：小結 119
第八章：結論 121
第一節：非典型的「移民子女」，亦非典型的「第三文化孩童」 121
第二節：反思「回流」遷移—重申認同的流動性（fluidity）與複雜性 124
第三節： 研究限制與未來展望 131
第四節： 研究之後—田野反思 132
附錄一：個人深度訪談邀請函（一）（藉由私人管道找尋之研究對象） 134
附錄二：個人深度訪談邀請函（二）（藉由查臺校榜單找尋之研究對象） 135
附錄三：個人深度訪談大綱 136
附錄四：致馬來西亞臺灣學校校長之信函 138
附錄五：參與觀察清單與簡短訪談大綱 139
附錄六：簡易參與觀察行程及受訪者背景資料表 141
附錄七：受訪知情同意書 142
參考書目 143

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