中國銳實力近年來是非常熱門的議題，但目前的學術尚未有系統性的研究。本研究欲探討三個與銳實力有關的問題：第一，銳實力與硬實力、軟實力與巧實力有何不同；第二，銳實力與統戰有何不同；第三，銳實力對臺灣的具體影響是什麽。本文發現：（一）區分中國銳實力與硬實力、軟實力的不同在於，輸出的國家為極權政體、公民社會的開放程度、採取的手段是非強制但卻積極的屬性、與削弱他國合法性的過程；（二）中國的銳實力是統戰的一部分，雖然兩者部分都是透過滲透、籠絡、強迫的手段，來達到拉攏同路人與強化對立的目的。然而，主要的訴諸對象不同，操作的風格也不同。中國銳實力主要訴諸對象為外國資本主義勢力（對外），統戰的主要訴諸對象為中國人，包含香港、澳門、臺灣與海外華僑等中國共產黨認知的所有中國利益所在（對內）。而銳實力主要透過滲透、利誘、脅迫的方式使對方自我審查，而統戰主要是利用種族、文化、政治與經濟上的連帶關係，動員情感使其自願倡導有利於中共的聲音，以藉此影響他國政府；（三）中國銳實力對臺灣的具體影響，以2018、2020利用假消息影響選舉結果，與利用工作權脅迫表態政治立場來看，並沒有達到改變臺灣民眾對於中國觀感的改善與正面認同，這顯示出了臺灣民主制度的成熟與彈性，能夠對抗中國共產黨的銳實力攻擊。然而，中共對臺統戰的目的並非僅是改變政治立場，而是為了處理兩個問題。第一，中國境內人民對中國共產黨的觀感；第二，喚起臺灣相同政治立場的人表態，同時強化原本既有的社會對立、強化分裂、製造恐慌與引導社會爭議議題的走向。特別是在2018年九合一選舉之後，臺灣社會對立情況更為嚴重，形成明顯的政治兩極化，從這個層面來看，中共的銳實力攻擊策略則相對成功。

China’s sharp power influences has aroused heated discussion in the recent years, however, there is no systematic research in the academics. This study intends to explore three issues related to sharp power: first, how is sharp power different from hard power, soft power, and smart power; Second, how is sharp power different from United Front tactics; Third, what are the specific impacts of sharp power in Taiwan. The study finds that: (1) The difference between China’s sharp power, and soft power lies in the fact that the previous one comes from a totalitarian regime, the degree of civil society is restrained, the measures adopted are non-mandatory but active attribute and the process of de-legitimation to weaken legitimacy of others; (2) China’s sharp power is a part of United Front work. Both intend to achieve the purpose of attracting fellow travelers and strengthening social opposition through infiltration, co-option, and coercion. However, there are some concentrating difference in the appealing target and the implementing measures; (3) The impact of China’s sharp power in Taiwan, from the cases of 2018 and 2020 election, and use the right to work to coerce political expression, has not achieved the improvement and positive perception of Taiwanese about China. This shows the maturity and resilience of Taiwan’s democratic system is capable of counteract the sharp power attacks from the CCP.
However, the purpose of CCP’s United Front against Taiwan is not merely to change political position, but to deal with two issues. First, Chinese people’s perception about the CCP; Second, to arouse people with the same political stance in Taiwan, at the same time strengthen the existing social opposition, division, create fears within Taiwan. Particularly, after the 2018 9-in-1 election, Taiwan’s social confrontation has become more serious, so-called political polarization. From this perspective, the CCP’s sharp power strategy against Taiwan has been relatively successful.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Motivation 1
1.2 Research Background 3
1.3 Research Objectives 6
1.4 In Chapter 4, I will explore China’s sharp power operation in Taiwan. 8
1.5 Methodology 8
1.4.1 Research Method 8
1.4.2 Case Selection 10
1.5 Literature Review 11
1.5.1 Global Accusation Against China’s Sharp Power 12
1.5.2 The Response of the Chinese Communist Party 22
Chapter 2 What’s the Difference between “Sharp Power” and Other Powers? 35
2.1 Hard Power 37
2.2 Soft Power 40
2.3 Smart Power 42
2.4 Sharp Power 45
2.5 What are the “Decisive Factors” between Sharp Power and Other Powers? 50
2.6 Theoretical Deficiency of Sharp Power 59
2.7 Conclusion 61
Chapter 3 Is United Front Sharp Power? 69
3.1 What is United Front Work? 70
3.2 United Front Work’s Course of Action 76
3.3 Similarity and Difference between Sharp Power and United Front? 87
Chapter 4 A Case Study of Taiwan 101
4.1 Sharp Power and the United Front work in Taiwan 104
4.2 The CCP Used Disinformation Interfering Taiwan’s 9-in-1 Election in 2018 116
4.3 The CCP Used the Right to Work Influencing Taiwan’s Public Opinion 127
4.4 Analyzing the Effects 136
Chapter 5 Conclusion 147
References 158
Appendix 1 News Concerning Sharp Power 172

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