雙元所得稅 (Dual Income Tax) 制度為近年來一個新的租稅制度，主要內容是將所得分為勞動所得和資本所得兩類，其中勞動所得採累進稅率，資本所得則按比例稅率課徵，目的是促進資本累積並且減少租稅對資本所造成的扭曲，從而達成降低租稅優惠，擴大稅基的目的。本文主要深入研究現已實施的四個北歐國家：丹麥、瑞典、挪威和芬蘭實施雙元所得稅制前後的租稅稅收結構、租稅負擔情形等等，並與我國租稅環境相對照，審視該制度之可行性。
結果發現，採行雙元所得稅制當年因資本所得稅率下降，對所得稅收產生較大的衝擊，故造成所得稅的租稅負擔率在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭皆有較明顯的下降情形，但伴隨著資本的累積及稅基的擴大，租稅負擔率會隨時間經過而回到其穩定的位置。在租稅結構方面，所得稅佔總稅收比例在實施當年度同樣有降低情形，而之後亦逐年調整至一穩定的水準。就個人所得稅以及公司所得稅的稅收結構變化而言，實施雙元稅制當年，丹麥、挪威及芬蘭的公司所得稅佔總稅收比例顯著降低，但個人所得稅的變化不大。觀察四國整體狀況發現，相較於公司所得稅，佔稅收大宗的個人綜合所得稅之變動率幾乎維持在一平穩的狀態，顯示制度的實施並不會對於個人所得稅帶來嚴重的稅收損失。
就我國目前的稅收結構而言，預期若實施雙元所得稅，約半數以上的稅收不致受到影響，此外，配合取消各項租稅優惠，擴大稅基的措施，則資本所得稅收因降低稅率而短徵的問題，可望獲得解決。近年來我國為了效率、中立性以及市場的發展，在金融商品的課稅上，也逐步走向單一稅率。雙元所得稅制度的推行，若能一併取消浮濫的租稅優惠，加以做好配套措施，或許是我國稅制上一個新的挑戰與契機。

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