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研究生： 劉柔拿
Liu, Yuna Esther
論文名稱： 韓日慰安婦協議：尚未解決的問題
The ROK-Japan comfort women agreement: an unresolved issue
指導教授： 李明
Lee, Ming
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 社會科學學院 - 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
International Master's Program in Asia-Pacific Studies(IMAS)
論文出版年： 2017
畢業學年度： 105
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 146
中文關鍵詞： 日本 、韓國 、慰安婦 、協議 、慰安婦協議
外文關鍵詞： Japan, South Korea, Comfort women, Agreement, Comfort women agreement
相關次數： 點閱：387  下載：30 
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    • 2015 年年底，⽇本與韓國政府迅速發表有關慰安婦議題的協議。雖然此協議在國際上獲得讚揚，然⽽卻引起韓國⼈民、慰安婦及⽀持者們的嚴厲批判。這「最終定案」的協議被視為對犧牲者的背叛，於是幾百位韓國抗議⼈民，包括慰安婦，⾛上街頭並譴責協議。簡⾔之，慰安婦議題橫亙韓⽇兩國之間且相當棘⼿。過去幾⼗年，韓國⼈民對於⽇本的道歉感到不滿。因此本論⽂將探究韓國⼈對於⽇本道歉持續不滿的原因。本研究會依循2015 年協議無效，並進⼀步揭露協議真正的⽬的。本論⽂以質量分析研討諸多學術性期刊、報告等資料。

    At the end of year 2015, Japanese and South Korean governments announced a quick agreement over the long-standing issue of “comfort women.” While the agreement won international praises, it raised sharp criticisms from the South Korean citizens, the former comfort women and their supporters. This “final and irreversible” deal was seen as a betrayal of the victims, leading hundreds of South Korean protesters including former comfort women out on the street to denounce the deal. The comfort women issue remained a stubbornly unsolvable issue between the two countries. For the past decades, South Korean people were never satisfied with Japan’s past apologies. This thesis aims to study the reasons behind South Korean people’s constant dissatisfaction towards Japan’s allegations; to trace the ineffectiveness 2015 agreement; and to reveal the true purpose behind the agreement. This thesis is based on qualitative analysis of various scholarly books, journals and reports relevant to the topic at hand.

    Chapter 1. Introduction 1
    1.1. Introduction 1
    1.2. Motivation 1
    1.3. Purpose & Objectives 3
    1.4. Research Approach 3
    1.5. Methods 3
    1.6. Literature Reviews 5
    1.7. Scope of Research 20
    1.8. Limitations 22
    Chapter 2. Historical Issues in South Korea-Japan Relations 24
    2.1. Wider Historical Issues between South Korea and Japan 24
    2.1.1. Dokdo-Takeshima Islands 25
    2.1.2. Yasukuni Shrine 29
    2.1.3. History Textbook 30
    2.2. The Comfort Women Issue 35
    2.2.1. Origin and Development of Comfort Women System 35
    2.2.2. Sexual Exploitation of the Comfort Women 37
    2.2.3. Class and Racial Exploitation of the Comfort Women 39
    2.3. Significance of South Korea’s Comfort Women Case 43
    2.3.1. Comparison to Taiwan’s Comfort Women Case 44
    2.3.2. Korea’s Colonial Experience 48
    2.3.3. Expansion of Female Trafficking 50
    2.3.4. Women in Korean Culture and Society 53
    Chapter 3. Justice Seeking Process for S. Korean Comfort Women 55
    3.1. Japanese Government’s Violations Under International Law 55
    3.1.1. Slavery and Rape 55
    3.1.2. Crimes against Humanity 57
    3.2. International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) 58
    3.2.1. Comparison to the Nuremberg Trial 59
    3.2.2. Sexual Discrimination 62
    3.2.3. Racial Discrimination 64
    3.2.4. Comparison to the German’s Reconciliation Process 65
    3.3. Comfort Women Resolution History Between S. Korea and Japan 68
    3.3.1. 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations 69
    3.3.2. Kono Statement of 1993 73
    3.3.3. The 2015 Comfort Women Agreement 75
    Chapter 4. Behind the 2015 Comfort Women Agreement 82
    4.1. Perspectives of the two Governments 82
    4.1.1. Past and Present Stance of Japanese Government 82
    4.1.2. Past and Present Stance of South Korean Government 87
    4.1.3. Purpose of the Agreement for Japanese and S. Korean Governments 91
    4.2. Understanding the Agreement in Regional Context 96
    4.2.1. U.S. Rebalance to Asia 97
    4.2.2. Understanding the Agreement in U.S. Perspective 99
    4.2.3. Understanding the Agreement in China’s Perspective 101
    Chapter 5. The National Response of Japan and S. Korea 108
    5.1. The Public Perspective on the Issue 108
    5.1.1. Public Response of South Korea 108
    5.1.2. Public Response of Japan 111
    5.2. The Civic Supporters of the Comfort Women 114
    5.2.1. The Comfort Women Activists in Japan 114
    5.2.2. The Comfort Women Activists in South Korea 117
    5.2.3. The International Comfort Women Activists 117
    Chapter 6. Conclusion 118
    6.1. Research Findings: Why the Issue Failed to be Resolved 121
    6.2. Future Prospect and Suggestions 124
    List of Illustrations
    Figure 1-1 [2015 Public Opinion on the Dec 28 2015 Comfort Women Agreement] 5
    Figure 2-1 [1877 Statement Regarding Takeshima (Ulleungdo) and Dokdo] 26
    Figure 4-1 [Batavia Trial Evidence #25 Proof of Coercion] 87
    Figure 5-1 [2016 Public Opinion on the Dec 28 2015 Comfort Women Agreement] 109
    Map 2-2 [The Map of Japan in San Francisco Peace Treaty] 28
    Table 3-1 [The Announcement to the Media by the Foreign Ministers of ROK and Japan] 76
    References 126

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    Dissertations (Thesis)
    Koh, J. 2007. Comfort Women: Human Rights of Women from Then to Present. (Master dissertation). Retrieved from LLM Thesis and Essays. (Paper 79).
    Nakayama, 2013. Japanese Activists who Support Redress for “Comfort Women”: Why and How Do They Address the “Comfort Women” Issue? (Master dissertation). Retrieved from https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstream/handle/1993/22101/nakayama_hayato.pdf?sequence=3
    Park, E. 2011. The Trials of a Comfort Women. (Master dissertation). Retrieved from http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/113
    Renner, L. 2006. The Growing Relationship Between South Korea and China: Consequences for North Korea. (Master dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a445560.pdf
    Sedgwick, J. B. 2012. The Trial Within: Negotiating Justice at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 1946-1948. (Master dissertation). Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0072876
    Sikka, N. 2009. The Official Marginalization of Comfort Women. (Master dissertation). Retrieved from http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/15225/The%20Official%20Marginalization%20of%20Comfort%20Women.pdf
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    Hatoyama Mourns Korean Independence Activists in Seoul. 2015. The Japan Times. Retrieved from http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/08/12/national/history/hatoyamamourns-korean-independence-activists-in-seoul/#.WSwLaFKB1E5
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    Kim, K. 2015. Cold, Hunger, Discrimination: Remembering the Korean Laborers Conscripted by Japan. The Hankyoreh. Retrieved from http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/722801.html
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    Real Meter. 2015. Japanese Military Sexual Slavery Agreement, Good 43.2% vs Bad 50.7%. Real Meter. Retrieved from http://www.realmeter.net/2015/12/일본군-위안부-합의-잘했다-43-2-vs-잘못했다-50-7/
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