我國公益信託制度雖具有吸引民間資源投入慈善、文化、學術及其他公共利益之功能，惟自信託法施行以來，相關規範長期未隨社會及金融環境變遷而調整，實務上逐漸出現公益支出比例偏低、信託財產長期累積、股權過度集中及監理權責分散等問題，甚至引發公益信託淪為企業控股、家族傳承及租稅規避工具之疑慮。現行修法草案雖已提出最低公益支出、持股限制及資訊揭露等改革方向，惟採財產總額百分之二或年度收入百分之六十擇一計算，仍可能使低收入或不配息之控股型信託規避實質支出義務。此外，草案對關係人合併持股及違規處分機制之規範亦有不足。
本文分析美國私人基金會與新加坡慈善監理制度，兩國制度分別在量化規範與監理組織上具有借鏡價值。美國以資產市值百分之五之最低分配義務、關係人合計持股限制、自我交易禁止及分階段附加稅制度，強化公益資產之實際運用。新加坡則透過慈善事務專員、慈善入口網站、專業受託責任及標準投資準則，建置集中且具專業性的監理架構。
最後提出建議應以非公益用途資產市值作為最低公益支出之計算基礎、建立公益信託與關係人合計持股及強制處分機制、強化自我交易之禁止規範、建立統一之資訊揭露與監理機關及引入專業受託責任標準。藉由兼採美國之量化規範與新加坡之專責監理模式，促使公益信託回歸公共利益本旨，提升制度透明度及社會影響力。

Although Taiwan's charitable trust system attracts private resources for public-interest purposes, the relevant regulations have long failed to adapt to social and financial changes since the Trust Act came into force. In practice, issues such as a low percentage of charitable expenditures, long-term accumulation of trust assets, over-concentration of shareholdings, and fragmented regulatory authority have gradually emerged. These issues have even raised concerns that charitable trusts may be used as tools for corporate control, family succession, and tax avoidance. While the current amendment draft proposes reform directions such as minimum charitable expenditures, shareholding restrictions, and information disclosure, the option to calculate expenditures based on either 2% of total asset value or 60% of annual income may still allow trusts with low income to avoid substantive expenditure obligations. Furthermore, the draft remains insufficient in regulating the consolidated shareholdings of related parties and mechanisms for handling violations.
This paper analyzes the private foundation in the United States and the charity regulatory system in Singapore, both of which offer valuable references in terms of quantitative regulation and regulatory structure, respectively. The United States promotes the effective use of charitable assets through a 5% minimum distribution requirement based on the market value of assets, restrictions on total shareholdings by related parties, a prohibition on self-dealing, and a phased excise tax system. Singapore, on the other hand, establishes a centralized and professional regulatory framework through the Commissioner of Charities, the Charity Portal, professional fiduciary duties, and standard investment criteria.
This paper proposes that minimum charitable expenditures should be calculated based on the market value of non-charitable assets. It also suggests implementing a consolidated shareholding limit and a mandatory disposal mechanism for charitable trusts and their related parties, strengthening the prohibition on self-dealing, establishing a unified information disclosure platform and regulatory authority, and introducing professional fiduciary duties. By adopting both the quantitative regulations of the United States and the specialized regulatory model of Singapore, the proposed reform aims to steer charitable trusts back to their original public-interest purpose, thereby enhancing institutional transparency and social impact.

蕭茜文（2019）。美國公益信託課稅制度概述。財稅研究48卷3期，154-174。
行政院（2021年4月22日）。行政院院會通過「信託法部分條文修正草案」完善公益信託制度，促進公益。2026年4月26日，取自 https://www.moj.gov.tw/2204/2795/2796/109789/post
中華民國信託業商業同業公會（無日期）。公益信託簡介。2026年4月26日，取自 https://www.trust.org.tw/tw/special/view/1
中華民國信託業商業同業公會（無日期）。信託業公益信託揭露資料查詢。2026年6月9日，取自 https://regsrv.trust.org.tw/trustweb/QueryCharity.aspx
監察院（2020年）。109司調0062號調查報告。2026年4月26日，取自 https://www.cy.gov.tw/CyBsBoxContent.aspx?n=133&s=17322
立法院議事及發言系統(無日期)。信託法部分條文修正草案審議進度。2026年6月9日，取自https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lylgmeetc/dispprog?4:0004A91F000602010000000000000C800100003D000000000:0035619:lgmeetkm
新加坡慈善入口網站 （Charity Portal）（無日期）。Commissioner of Charities。2026年4月26日，取自 https://www.charities.gov.sg/Pages/AboutUs/Commissioner-of-Charities.aspx
新加坡慈善入口網站 （Charity Portal）（無日期）。Code of Governance for Charities and IPCs。2026年4月26日，取自 https://www.charities.gov.sg/Pages/Charities-and-IPCs/Manage-Your-Charity/Code-of-Governance-for-Charities-IPCs.aspx
Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore （n.d.）. Donations and Tax Deductions. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://www.iras.gov.sg/taxes/other-taxes/charities/donations-tax-deductions