南美洲的「鋰三角」地區——阿根廷、玻利維亞與智利——為全球製造商提供了大部分用於電池生產與其他先進技術產品（包括電動移動與關鍵新興科技，CETs）的鋰製品。在這三個國家之中，智利擁有規模最大、最成熟的鋰採取產業，每年生產數萬公噸的碳酸鋰、氫氧化鋰等產品，其最大客戶為中國企業。儘管智利並非擁有最大的鋰儲量，且其鋰產業在監管與法律層面上有若干特殊而複雜的限制，通常會使外國直接投資（FDI）卻步，但智利仍成功成為全球頂尖的鋰出口國之一，而中國迄今仍是其最大的買家，同時也正透過天齊鋰業收購智利最大鋰生產商 SQM 近四分之一的股份而成為重要投資者。
透過對現有文獻與分析資料的全面性文件研究，本研究主張智利之所以成為鋰三角中最具競爭力的國家與中國最重要的海外鋰供應者，主要歸功於三項關鍵因素：其僵硬監管框架在實務上影響有限；中智自由貿易協定（FTA）將鋰相關關稅降至 0%；以及智利鋰產業的長期發展歷史與大規模生產能力。此外，智利相對較高的國內政治穩定性，以及其鋰採取作業的地理位置，相較於阿根廷與玻利維亞，提供了獨特且顯著的優勢。綜合而言，這些因素使智利成為中國鋰進口的最主要來源，並使其在未來二十年預計愈發重要的全球鋰市場中占據主導地位。

The Lithium Triangle region of South America - Argentina, Bolivia and Chile - is the supplier of a large portion of the lithium products used by the world’s manufacturers for the production of batteries and other advanced technology products for electromobility and critical emerging technologies (CETs). From those three countries, Chile is home to the largest and better-established lithium extractive industry, responsible for the production of tens of thousands of metric tons of products such as lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, its biggest clients being Chinese entities. Despite not possessing the largest reserves, and presenting some rather specific and unique, heavy regulatory and legal quirks in its lithium industry that would otherwise discourage foreign direct investment (FDI), Chile has nevertheless established itself as one of the top lithium exporters in the world and China is, by far, its biggest customer and is also becoming a key investor through Tianqi Lithium’s purchase of almost a quarter of the shares of SQM, the biggest lithium extractor in the country. Through an exhaustive document analysis of the available literature and analytical pieces, this work argues that Chile has become the most competitive nation in the Lithium Triangle, as well as China’s premier foreign lithium supplier, thanks to three key main reasons - the lack of relevance of its otherwise inflexible regulatory framework, the China-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) which has lowered the lithium-related tariffs to 0%, and the longevity and sheer scale of the Chilean lithium industry. In addition, the country’s comparatively high national political stability as well as the geographic location of the lithium extraction operations bring unique key advantages versus its Argentine and Bolivian counterparts. Altogether, these nuances have contributed to Chile becoming the paramount lithium supplier for Chinese importers and have placed it in a dominant position in a market which is projected to become more and more relevant in the following two decades.

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