本研究主要依據語言行為理論(theory of speech acts) 及語言使用的客氣理論(politeness theory) ，探討一段以要求為主題的對話中，要求者不同果斷性

(assertiveness) 的言語行為，與對話雙方性別此二因素，如何影響知覺此對話的受試(1) 記憶要求者所說目標論辭的百分比高低與論辭果斷性的強弱；(2) 推論對話雙方的權力高低與關係親密度；(3) 評價要求者所採用的言語行為與預測對話雙方長期關係的後果。

本研究採3 （言語行為的果斷性：標準果斷、同理果斷、不果斷）×4 （要求者對接

收者的性別訊息：男對女、男對男、女對女、女對男）的受試者間實驗設計，參與實

驗的三百六十位大學生受試，先閱讀某一種實驗處理情況的文字對話，然後再填寫一

份包含回憶論辭作業與各種社會判斷題目的問卷。經二因子便異數分析與單純主要效

果模式(simple main effect model)考驗的結果發現：(1) 受試對果斷性愈強的目標論辭，回憶的百分比愈高，且同理果斷的論辭由「男對女」此由「男對男」中的男要求者說出，有更高的回憶百分比；(2) 性別訊息對受試所回憶目標論辭的果斷性、權力高低、親密度、言語行為的評價與後果，比接收者的權力更高，且雙方關係愈親密；(4) 受是本人較喜歡女要求者與男接收者互動時採用同理果斷，甚於採用不果斷的言語行為；(5) 不論接收者是男或女，女要求者採用不果斷比採用標準果斷的言語行為，更有利於長期關係的後果。

鑑於上述結果，實驗者討論了本研究的意涵(implication) 與可能的限制，並對相關議題的研究者與果斷性訓練(assertiveness training;AT) 的應用者提出建議；特別是，過去十多年來為AT重視的標準果斷，並未此另兩種果斷性的言語行為，有更佳的立即評價；而近年來也頗受AT強調的同理果斷，亦未有最好的長期關係後果。實驗者認為，AT中的女性學員，學習較具果斷性的言語行為，其負面的評價與後果之議題，直的深思。

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