| 研究生: |
馬特噢 Mateo Echeverria |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
福音派的興起 : 瓜地馬拉個案研究 The Evangelical Rise: A Study of Guatemala |
| 指導教授: |
吳考甯
Courntey Work |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
國際事務學院 - 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS) International Master's Program in International Studies(IMPIS) |
| 論文出版年: | 2026 |
| 畢業學年度: | 114 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 133 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 福音派體系 、宗教變遷 、論述實踐 、新五旬節主義 、瓜地馬拉 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Evangelical apparatus, Religious change, Discursive practices, Neo-Pentecostalism, Guatemala |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:36 下載:2 |
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本研究探討瓜地馬拉前所未有的宗教轉型,即從一個天主教佔多數的國家轉變為以福音派為主的國家。現有學術研究多從政治視角解釋此一轉型,此類分析往往將宗教簡化為一種工具,並忽略了其精神層面。本研究突破傳統分析框架,透過「福音派機制」的概念,將透過訪談蒐集的個人故事與歷史及政治分析相結合,從而將奇蹟與神聖干預納入民族誌事實之中。筆者主張,要理解瓜地馬拉福音派的崛起,最恰當的方式是將其視為物質與話語實踐之間動態交織運作的結果,其中包含牧師、教會、信徒以及非人類實體。為此,本研究提出了一個更具流動性的本體論與認識論框架,並分析這些行為者之間的互動。本研究結論指出,福音派的興起是一個積極且持續進行的宗教變遷過程,其中人類與神聖力量的協作,使人們得以在戰後不穩定局面的廢墟中維繫生命。
This study investigates the unprecedented religious transformation in Guatemala, from a Catholic-majority nation to a predominantly Evangelical one. Existing scholarship has explained this transformation through political lenses, that tend to reduce religion as a tool and disregards the spiritual dimension. This work moves from traditional analysis because it combines individual stories, gathered through interviews, with historical and political analysis through the concept of evangelical apparatus, which allows to include miracles and divine interventions as ethnographic facts. I argue that the evangelical rise in Guatemala is best understood as the operation of a dynamic entanglement of material-discursive practices, including pastors, churches, believers and non-human entities. To do so, it proposes a more fluid ontological and epistemological framework, and analyses the interaction between these actors. This work concludes that the rise of Evangelicals is an active and ongoing process of religious change that involves a collaboration between humans and the divine that make life possible amidst the ruins of postwar precarity.
Introduction 1
Context 9
Theories and methods 13
Argument and structure 19
Chapter 1. Historical Context: Evangelicalism in Postwar Guatemala 22
Introduction 22
Religious Freedom and Serfdom in the Coffee State of Guatemala 25
The Cold War was hot and godly in the Tropics 27
Christ as a Communist and Anticommunist Warrior 29
The Holy Spirit’s Arrival and the Apocalyptic Earthquake 31
The general and the pastor, Ríos Montt 32
‘La Nueva Guatemala’ of Dios Montt 33
The General’s Sunday preaching 34
Democratic Transition and Evangelicals 38
Serrano Elías Election, the Peace Process and the referendum 38
The rise of Urban Megachurches, Prosperity teachings and Dominion Theology in postwar Guatemala City (2000–2014) 41
God acts in mysterious ways 44
Evangelical influence in politics, democracy and development (2014-2024) 46
Political Elections 2023 to Bernardo Arévalo’s presidential beginning 47
Conclusion 48
Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework 51
Introduction 51
The real reality and other modes of being 54
Discursive practices and apparatus 58
Modernity, salvation, and violence 60
Religion continuity and change 64
The churches at the end of time 66
Evangelical as religion -> Believing and behaving 67
Evangelical Identity -> Belonging 69
Religion as a fluid and dynamic concept 71
Evangelical modernities and the Neo-Pentecostal turn 73
Subject Creation and State Crafting by Neoliberalism 76
Conclusion 78
Chapter 3. Discourse analysis: Pastors and congregations 80
Introduction 80
Methodology: discourse and discursive practices 82
The evangelical nodes: the pastors, the churches, and the believers 84
Pastors and mega-churches 90
Harold Caballeros – El Shaddai 91
Cash Luna – Casa de Dios 94
Social Media 96
Preachings and conferences 97
Cash Luna discourse 98
Harold Caballeros – Discourse 104
Interviews 106
Believers and conversions 108
Thematic analysis 113
God is alive 113
Crisis 114
Purpose 116
Prosperity 116
What is missing? 118
Conclusion 119
Final remark of the evangelical apparatus 121
References 123
Appendix 132
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