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研究生: 馬特噢
Mateo Echeverria
論文名稱: 福音派的興起 : 瓜地馬拉個案研究
The Evangelical Rise: A Study of Guatemala
指導教授: 吳考甯
Courntey Work
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際事務學院 - 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
International Master's Program in International Studies(IMPIS)
論文出版年: 2026
畢業學年度: 114
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 133
中文關鍵詞: 福音派體系宗教變遷論述實踐新五旬節主義瓜地馬拉
外文關鍵詞: Evangelical apparatus, Religious change, Discursive practices, Neo-Pentecostalism, Guatemala
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  • 本研究探討瓜地馬拉前所未有的宗教轉型,即從一個天主教佔多數的國家轉變為以福音派為主的國家。現有學術研究多從政治視角解釋此一轉型,此類分析往往將宗教簡化為一種工具,並忽略了其精神層面。本研究突破傳統分析框架,透過「福音派機制」的概念,將透過訪談蒐集的個人故事與歷史及政治分析相結合,從而將奇蹟與神聖干預納入民族誌事實之中。筆者主張,要理解瓜地馬拉福音派的崛起,最恰當的方式是將其視為物質與話語實踐之間動態交織運作的結果,其中包含牧師、教會、信徒以及非人類實體。為此,本研究提出了一個更具流動性的本體論與認識論框架,並分析這些行為者之間的互動。本研究結論指出,福音派的興起是一個積極且持續進行的宗教變遷過程,其中人類與神聖力量的協作,使人們得以在戰後不穩定局面的廢墟中維繫生命。


    This study investigates the unprecedented religious transformation in Guatemala, from a Catholic-majority nation to a predominantly Evangelical one. Existing scholarship has explained this transformation through political lenses, that tend to reduce religion as a tool and disregards the spiritual dimension. This work moves from traditional analysis because it combines individual stories, gathered through interviews, with historical and political analysis through the concept of evangelical apparatus, which allows to include miracles and divine interventions as ethnographic facts. I argue that the evangelical rise in Guatemala is best understood as the operation of a dynamic entanglement of material-discursive practices, including pastors, churches, believers and non-human entities. To do so, it proposes a more fluid ontological and epistemological framework, and analyses the interaction between these actors. This work concludes that the rise of Evangelicals is an active and ongoing process of religious change that involves a collaboration between humans and the divine that make life possible amidst the ruins of postwar precarity.

    Introduction 1
    Context 9
    Theories and methods 13
    Argument and structure 19
    Chapter 1. Historical Context: Evangelicalism in Postwar Guatemala 22
    Introduction 22
    Religious Freedom and Serfdom in the Coffee State of Guatemala 25
    The Cold War was hot and godly in the Tropics 27
    Christ as a Communist and Anticommunist Warrior 29
    The Holy Spirit’s Arrival and the Apocalyptic Earthquake 31
    The general and the pastor, Ríos Montt 32
    ‘La Nueva Guatemala’ of Dios Montt 33
    The General’s Sunday preaching 34
    Democratic Transition and Evangelicals 38
    Serrano Elías Election, the Peace Process and the referendum 38
    The rise of Urban Megachurches, Prosperity teachings and Dominion Theology in postwar Guatemala City (2000–2014) 41
    God acts in mysterious ways 44
    Evangelical influence in politics, democracy and development (2014-2024) 46
    Political Elections 2023 to Bernardo Arévalo’s presidential beginning 47
    Conclusion 48
    Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework 51
    Introduction 51
    The real reality and other modes of being 54
    Discursive practices and apparatus 58
    Modernity, salvation, and violence 60
    Religion continuity and change 64
    The churches at the end of time 66
    Evangelical as religion -> Believing and behaving 67
    Evangelical Identity -> Belonging 69
    Religion as a fluid and dynamic concept 71
    Evangelical modernities and the Neo-Pentecostal turn 73
    Subject Creation and State Crafting by Neoliberalism 76
    Conclusion 78
    Chapter 3. Discourse analysis: Pastors and congregations 80
    Introduction 80
    Methodology: discourse and discursive practices 82
    The evangelical nodes: the pastors, the churches, and the believers 84
    Pastors and mega-churches 90
    Harold Caballeros – El Shaddai 91
    Cash Luna – Casa de Dios 94
    Social Media 96
    Preachings and conferences 97
    Cash Luna discourse 98
    Harold Caballeros – Discourse 104
    Interviews 106
    Believers and conversions 108
    Thematic analysis 113
    God is alive 113
    Crisis 114
    Purpose 116
    Prosperity 116
    What is missing? 118
    Conclusion 119
    Final remark of the evangelical apparatus 121
    References 123
    Appendix 132

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