盧卡契是本世紀卓越的思想家。他在哲學、史學、美學與文學理論方面，都有非凡的成就。在文學創作上，盧卡契推崇寫實主義的文學。他認為，文學應該發揮教導、喚醒與淨化這三大功能。

綜觀盧卡契的文學思想，約可歸納為下列六大概念：整體論、世界觀、反映論、典型論、傾向性與遠景論。這六者環環相扣，相輔相成，構成盧卡契深刻的文學理論。盧卡契認為這世界（包括人類社會）是一個不可分割的、相互影響的整體。作家受到這個整體的影響，因此他必須對這個整體有基本的認識，才容易找到正確的創作方向，並由此奠定正確的世界觀，作為創作的圭臬。在盧卡契看來，作品應該反映現實，但是如果作者對社會整體的認識不足，如果世界觀不夠正夠，作品將無法深入地反映這個現實社會的精神，自然也難以創造出典型的角色來。由以上的主張可以看出盧卡契的文學理論具有濃厚的傾向性──傾向於「為人生而藝術」。但是有傾向性並非不好，盧卡契認為，歷來偉大的作品，都是有傾向性的。最後，盧卡契認為，文學應該對人類社會發揮積極作用、推動人類走向光明的一面、以及向讀者指出樂觀的遠景。

本論文對盧卡契的這六大概念，一一加以分章討論，列舉具有代表性的正反意見，加以剖析。誠如不少批評家所指出的，盧卡契的文學理論，有其缺陷。例如，過份偏重於哲學討論，偶有教條主義的意味。此外，對西方現代派文學幾乎持全盤否定的態度等，未免有些矯枉過正。不過，在人類於本世紀歷經兩次世界大戰的摧殘，人們已漸漸對自己喪失信心之後，文學自然也流於只反映諸般社會病態和人性醜陋的一面了。此時此刻，盧卡契高舉理想主義與人道主義的大 ，堅持文學應該發揮「教導、喚醒與淨化」的功能，鼓勵人們去開創美麗的明天，自有其不可磨滅的價值。至於盧卡契憑其淵博的學識，將哲學、史學與美學等融入當代的文學理論，更是大大地豐富了文學批評的領域，值得我們以嚴肅的態度進行研究。

This thesis discuss six major concepts basic to Lukacs" consideration of realism: totality, world-hostorical view, typicality, reflection, tendentiousness and prospect. Lukacs believes that literature plays a pivotal role in the dissemination of didacticism, evocation, and catharsis. He also argues that through the production of "correct" writings, writers should hilistically consider the destiny of man--presumably one of the dominant themes in most literary works. Only when writers have a "right" view can they "accurately" perceive the world and the evolutionary process of man, and only then can they authentically reflect human life and situations by portraying typical characters in typical circumstances. In addition, for Lukacs, great writers such as Shakespeare, Goethe, and Balzac are to a certain extent "tendentious." Because of his dissatisfaction with capitalism, Lukacs believes that socialismm offers a better future for man. The concept of prospect thus becomes one of the rationales he uses to measure literary works. A writer can achieve great success if he tries to depict man's future with socialist ideals in mind. As a whole, Lukacs' realism has a positive effect: he establishes certain paradigmatic principles with which one can gauge great writers.

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