本論文以L.H.M. Ling的「超陽剛」發展理論（hypermasculine development）為基礎，探討蘇哈托新秩序時期（1967-1998年）印尼的發展。儘管這段時期通常被讚譽為經濟快速成長的黃金年代，但本研究認為其發展軌跡深受性別權力結構影響。透過對國家政策與文化敘事的質性分析，本文探討在國家發展中女性的角色。本文分析指出印尼超陽剛發展具有三個相互關聯的面向：第一，國家透過制度化的「國家母職主義」（State Ibuism）與婦女組織的動員，將其作為性別治理的工具；第二，經濟層面高度依賴女性作為廉價、守紀律且可替代的勞動力；第三，文化上藉由印尼父權主義（Bapakism）與保守的伊斯蘭價值觀，強化男性權威並正當化女性的從屬角色。出口加工區（EPZs）的案例進一步說明，女性勞動如何在資本主義與威權體制下受到規訓，同時仍展現出受限的能動性。印尼的新秩序發展體現了超陽剛發展的特徵，同時也因其對出口女性勞動力的依賴以及爪哇文化與伊斯蘭教的融合的特點而與東亞案例有所不同。透過將Ling的框架應用於印尼的發展脈絡，強調了性別權力關係如何從根本上形塑國家發展。

Drawing on L.H.M. Ling’s theory of hypermasculine developmentalism, this thesis examines Indonesia’s development under Suharto’s New Order (1967–1998). While this era is often celebrated for rapid economic growth, the study argues that its developmental trajectory was deeply gendered. Using qualitative analysis of state policies and cultural narratives, it explores how women were mobilized for national development. The analysis identifies three dimensions of Indonesia’s hypermasculine development: state institutionalization of State Ibuism and women’s organizations as instruments of gender governance; economic dependence on women as cheap and disciplined labor; and cultural legitimization of male authority through Bapakism and conservative Islamic values. A case study of Export Processing Zones reveals how women’s labor was disciplined under capitalism and authoritarian control, while still allowing constrained forms of agency. Indonesia’s New Order development embodied the features of hypermasculine development while diverging from East Asian cases through its reliance on female labor migration and its fusion of Javanese culture with Islam. By situating Indonesia within Ling’s framework, this thesis highlights how development is fundamentally shaped by gendered power relations.

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