為何某些後殖民社會能夠將繼承自殖民時期的制度轉化為促進生產性積累、產業升級與發展型治理的機制，而另一些社會卻長期陷於資源掠奪、租賃依賴與制度脆弱的循環之中？本研究透過臺灣與奈及利亞的比較歷史分析探討此一問題。兩者皆承襲了具有掠奪性質的殖民制度，卻在二十世紀下半葉走上了截然不同的發展道路。現有文獻分別強調文化、殖民遺緒、政體類型、制度品質、地理條件、領導者或資源稟賦等因素，但皆無法充分解釋為何相似的殖民制度會產生如此懸殊的發展結果。本論文主張，發展分歧源於殖民制度遺產、資源結構與地緣政治壓力三者在特定歷史脈絡中的交互作用；這些因素共同重塑政治菁英的誘因，並決定繼承而來的制度是在關鍵歷史轉折點被轉化，抑或被延續。為解釋此一過程，本文提出「制度轉化能力」（Institutional Conversion Capacity, ICC）的概念，將其界定為政治菁英與國家制度將既有制度由掠奪機制重新轉化為生產性協調、發展型治理及長期社會經濟轉型工具的能力。本文不再將制度視為天生具有包容性或掠奪性，而是聚焦於制度在何種條件下具有發展性的可轉化能力。本研究以去殖民性（Decoloniality）為理論基礎，並結合比較歷史分析、歷史制度論、發展型國家理論、財政社會學與後殖民政治經濟學，重構臺灣與奈及利亞自殖民時期至當代的國家形成、市場組織、財政制度、官僚體制發展、資源治理與菁英聯盟的演變歷程。研究進一步建構一套制度可轉化分析框架，連結殖民制度遺產、資源結構、地緣政治壓力、菁英誘因、問責機制與發展結果。本文認為，制度並非機械式地跨越歷史時期自我複製，其發展效果取決於制度本身的可轉化能力，以及政治行動者在關鍵歷史時刻所面對的誘因結構。更廣泛而言，本研究指出，後殖民社會未來的發展，並不僅取決於其所繼承的制度，更取決於其是否具備將這些制度加以轉化的政治能力與制度誘因。

Why do some postcolonial societies transform inherited institutions into mechanisms of productive accumulation, industrial upgrading, and developmental governance, while others remain trapped in cycles of extraction, rent dependence, and institutional fragility? This study addresses this question through a comparative historical analysis of Taiwan and Nigeria, two postcolonial societies that inherited extractive colonial institutions yet experienced markedly divergent developmental trajectories during the second half of the twentieth century. Existing explanations variously emphasise culture, colonial legacies, regime type, institutional quality, geography, leadership, or resource endowments. While each offers important insights, none adequately explains why similarly extractive colonial institutions generated profoundly different developmental outcomes. This thesis argues that developmental divergence emerged from the historically contingent interaction between colonial institutional inheritance, resource structures, and geopolitical pressures, which together reshaped elite incentives and determined whether inherited institutions were transformed or reproduced during critical historical junctures. To explain this process, the study introduces the concept of Institutional Conversion Capacity (ICC), defined as the ability of political elites and state institutions to repurpose inherited structures from mechanisms of extraction into instruments of productive coordination, developmental governance, and long-term socio-economic transformation. Rather than treating institutions as inherently inclusive or extractive, the analysis focuses on the conditions under which institutions become developmentally convertible. Anchored in decoloniality, and drawing upon comparative historical analysis, historical institutionalism, developmental state theory, fiscal sociology, and postcolonial political economy, the study reconstructs the evolution of state formation, market organisation, fiscal systems, bureaucratic development, resource governance, and elite coalitions in Taiwan and Nigeria from the colonial period to the contemporary era. The study develops a convertibility framework linking colonial institutional inheritance, resource structures, geopolitical pressures, elite incentives, accountability regimes, and developmental outcomes. It argues that institutions do not mechanically reproduce themselves across time; rather, their developmental effects depend upon their convertibility and the incentive structures confronting political actors during critical junctures. More broadly, it suggests that the future of postcolonial development depends not simply on the institutions societies inherit, but on the political capacity and incentives to transform them.

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