政治容忍是民主社會維持多元共存的重要基礎，意指公民即使不認同特定政治主張，仍願意保障不同意見者的基本權利。近年臺灣政治競爭與公共討論日益情緒化，使政治容忍成為理解民主鞏固的重要課題。既有研究指出，政治知識有助於公民理解民主制度與權利保障，進而提升其對異議者的容忍程度；然而，相關研究多以西方民主國家為主，對臺灣大學生此一新世代公民群體的討論仍相對有限。本研究以「知識—容忍假說」為理論基礎，探討政治知識是否能提升臺灣大學生的政治容忍，並比較 2015 年與 2025 年之間的差異。本文使用「我國大學生政治社會化調查」資料。研究方法上，以迴歸分析檢驗政治知識對政治容忍的影響，並納入性別、省籍、政黨認同、學科類別、國族認同與統獨立場等控制變數。此外，本文亦進一步檢驗開放性人格特質與異質性政治討論是否會調節政治知識與政治容忍之間的關係。
研究結果顯示， 2015年政治知識對政治容忍具有顯著正向影響，但在 2025 年，此一效果不再顯著，顯示政治知識與政治容忍之間的關係可能受到時代情境影響。其次，開放性人格特質整體上有助於提升政治容忍，而完全不討論政治者的政治容忍程度較低。至於異質性政治討論本身，則未呈現穩定顯著效果。調節模型結果亦顯示，開放性人格僅在 2015 年強化政治知識對政治容忍的正向作用，異質性政治討論的調節效果則未穩定出現。整體而言，本研究發現政治知識雖仍是理解政治容忍的重要因素，但其效果並非必然或穩定。相較於 2015 年，2025年大學生即使具備較高政治知識，也未必展現更高的政治容忍，顯示在政治極化與資訊環境快速變遷下，單純擁有政治知識可能已不足以支撐民主社會所需的容忍態度。本研究補充臺灣政治容忍研究中對大學生與政治知識關係的實證討論，並指出政治知識的民主效果仍需放在不同時代脈絡與個體條件下理解。

Political tolerance is essential for sustaining pluralistic coexistence in democratic societies. It refers to citizens’ willingness to protect the basic rights of those who hold political views with which they disagree. In recent years, political competition and public discussion in Taiwan have become increasingly emotionalized, making political tolerance an important issue for understanding democratic consolidation. Existing studies suggest that political knowledge may enhance citizens’ understanding of democratic institutions and rights protection, thereby increasing tolerance toward political dissenters. However, most related studies focus on Western democracies, while the case of college students in Taiwan remains relatively underexplored.
Based on the knowledge–tolerance hypothesis, this study examines whether political knowledge enhances political tolerance among college students in Taiwan and compares the relationship between 2015 and 2025. Using data from the Political Socialization Survey of College Students in Taiwan, this study employs regression analysis and includes control variables such as gender, ethnic background, party identification, academic discipline, national identity, and position on the unification–independence issue. It also examines whether openness to experience and cross-cutting political discussion moderate the relationship between political knowledge and political tolerance.
The results show that political knowledge had a significant positive effect on political tolerance in 2015, but this effect was no longer significant in 2025, suggesting that the relationship may be shaped by changing social and political contexts. Openness to experience generally contributes to higher political tolerance, while students who do not discuss politics at all tend to show lower tolerance. In contrast, cross-cutting political discussion does not show a stable significant effect. The moderation models further indicate that openness strengthened the positive effect of political knowledge only in 2015, while the moderating effect of cross-cutting discussion was not consistent.
Overall, this study finds that political knowledge remains important for understanding political tolerance, but its effect is neither automatic nor stable. Compared with 2015, college students in 2025 with higher political knowledge do not necessarily demonstrate higher political tolerance. This suggests that under political polarization and a rapidly changing information environment, political knowledge alone may no longer be sufficient to sustain democratic tolerance. This study contributes to the literature on political tolerance in Taiwan and highlights the need to understand the democratic effects of political knowledge within different temporal contexts and individual conditions.

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