| 研究生: |
何明國 |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
中共工業改革與展望 |
| 指導教授: | 馬凱 |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
國際事務學院 - 東亞研究所 Graduate Institute of East Asian Studies |
| 論文出版年: | 1987 |
| 畢業學年度: | 75 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 178 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:120 下載:0 |
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論文提要
一九七八年以來,中共推行一系列的經濟改革和對外開放政策。試圖爭脫意識型態、政策、制度上的束縛,放鬆各種嚴厲的管制,調整發展方向,冀求沉疴難起的大陸經濟起死回生,並完成國防、科技、工業和農業的現代化。中共一連串的改革和開放措施已引起舉世的矚目。惟改革觸及的範圍非常之廣,本文僅就
重點之一的工業改革進行分析和預測。
本論文全文約十萬字,分為六章。主要內容依次為:分析近二十多年來中共工業的成長、結構的變化和工業分佈的情形;介紹中共工業管理體制和企業經營管理的概況;剖析中共工業的弊病,以及現階段的工業政策和體制改革;從技術進步、權力下放、工業制成品出口潛力等角度,評估中共工業改革的前景和中共
工業未來的實力。最後歸結工業改革造成的利益重分配和政治衝突,並指出工業改革之命運,繫於政治衝突的結果。
目錄
致謝詞
論文提要
第一章 導論 1
第一節 研究動機………1
第二節 研究範圍與方法………2
第三節 本文結構………5
第二章 工業發展 7
第一節 工業成長………7
第二節 工業部門結構………19
第三節 工業分佈與企業規模………29
第三章 工業體制 51
第一節 工業管理體制………51
第二節 企業的經營管理………66
第四章 工業改革 79
第一節 工業發展的問題………79
第二節 現階段工業政策………90
第三節 現階段工業管理體制改革………100
第五章 問題與展望 117
第一節 技術進步………117
第二節 權力下放………126
第三節 工業製成品出口………135
第六章 結論 159
參考書目 165
圖表目次
圖:
圖2-1 三線建設地區和引進的大型工廠座落的位置………36
圖3-1 機械工業部組織系統表………53
圖3-2 中共工業企業類型………57
表:
表2-1 中共發展策略的演變(1951-1981) ………13
表2-2 各時期中共經濟表現(1953-84) ………14
表2-3 中共與其他國家經濟指標的比較………17
表2-4 工業總產值中輕、重工業佔的比例………22
表2-5 中共工業部門結構………23
表2-6 中共工業部門產出結構(1979) ………25
表2-7 中共與其他國家工業產品結構的比較………27
表2-8 中共與其他國家製造業結構之比較………28
表2-9 沿海、內陸工業生產比較(1952) ………31
表2-10 內地投資成本大於沿海地區………32
表2-11 內地工業發展情形………37
表2-12 中共工業產出的區域分佈(1984) ………41
表2-13 中共和其他國家工業企業大小的分佈………43
表2-14 中共小型工業企業的產量佔各部門產量的比例………44
表4-1 全民所有制工業企業全員平均生產力成長率………82
表4-2 中共全民所有制工業企業各階段產出增加的原因………82
表4-3 中共國民收入使用額成長率,積累率,增加總產出和增加總資本的比例………83
表4-4 中共國內淨產出投入的生產要素及生產力的平均成長率………86
表4-5 中共1977年工業職工生產力與他國之比較………87
表4-6 中共煤礦、水泥、鐵路的建設成本和建設週期………99
表5-1 中共出口商品結構………140
表5-2 製成品出口佔商品出口的比例………141
參考書目
一、英文書籍
American Rural Samall-Scale Industry Delegation, Rural Small-Scale Industry in the People's Republic of China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
Byrd, William, and Tidrick, Geme, et. al., Recent Chinese Economic Reforms: Studies of two Industrial Enterprises. Washington: World Bank, 1984.
Campbell, Robert W. The Soviet-Type Economies: Performance and Evolution. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974.
Cheng Chu-Yuan. China's Economic Development. Boulder: Westview, 1982.
Chine, William R. Exports of Manufactures from Developing Countries: Performance and Prospects for Market Access. Washington: The Brooking Institution, 1984.
Cody, John, Hughes, Helen, and Wall, David, ed., Polices for Industrial Progress in Developing Countries. Washington: World Bank, 1980.
Denberger, Robert F., ed., China's Development Experience in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Donnithorne, Audrey. China's Economy System. New York: Praeger, 1967.
Eckstein, Alexander, China's Economic Development: Interplay of Sacarcity and Ideology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975.
_____, China's Economic Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
Gregory, Paul R. and Stuart, Robert C. Comparative Economic System. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
Gurley, John C. China's Economy and the Maoist Strategy. New York: Monthly Review, 1976.
Howe, Christopher. China's Economy. New York: Basic Book, 1978.
International Monetary Fund. The People's Republic of China: Recent Economic Developments. Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1981.
Knight Peter T. Economic Reform in Socialist Countries.
Washington: World Bank, 1983.
Lardy, Nicholas R. Economic Growth and Distribution in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Lyons, Thomas Patrick. Economic Integration and Development in China, 1957 – 1979. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1986.
Nove, Alec. The Soviet Economic System. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1977.
Perkins, Dwight H. Market Control and Planning in Communist China - Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.
Perry, Elizabeth J., and Wong, Christine. ed., The Political Economy of Reform in Post-Mao China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985.
Sutter, Robert G., Reform in China and Its Implications for the United States. Washington: U. S. Foreign Affairs and National Devision, 1985.
Turner, Rkerry and Collis, Clive. The Economic of Planning. London: Macomillan, 1977.
United States Congress Joint Economic Committee, China: A Reassessment of the Economy. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1975.
_____, Chinese Economy Post Mao. Washington: G. P. O., 1978.
_____, China Under the Four Modernizations. 2 Vol. Washington: G. P. O., 1982.
_____, China's Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000. 2 Vol. Washington: G. P. O., 1986.
World Bank. China: Socialist Economic Development. 3 Vol. Washington: World Bank, 1983.
_____, China: Recent Economic Trends and Policy Developments. Washington: World Bank, 1983.
_____, World Development Report 1985. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
_____, China: Long Term Issues and Options - 7 Vol. Washington: World Bank, 1985.
Wu Yuan-li, ed., China: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1973.
Wu Yuan-li, The Spatial Economy of Communist China. New York: Praeger, 1967.
二、英文期刊上文章
Baark, Erik. "Industrial Standardization in People's Republic of China". China Business Review, (March–April 1978), PP. 15–23.
_____. "China's Technological Economics". Asian Survey, Vol. 21. No. 9 (September 1981), PP. 977–999.
Chang, Hsin. "The 1982–83 Over investment Crisis in China". Asian Survey, Vol. XXIV, No. 12 (December 1984), ΡΡ. 1275 - 1301.
Conroy, Richard. "Technological Innovation in China's Recent Industrialization". The China Quarterly, No. 97 (March 1984), PP. 1–23.
Dong Furen, "Some Problems Concerning the Chinese Economy". The China Quarterly, No. 84 (December 1980), PP. 727 – 36.
Donnithone, Audrey, "China's Cellular Economy: Some Treds Since the Cultural Revolution". The China Quarterly, No. 52 (October / December 1972), PP. 605 – 19.
_____. "Comment: Centralization in China's Fiscal Management". The China Quarterly, No. 66 (June 1976), PP.328-40.
_____. "New Light on Central-Provincial Relations". The Australian Jounal of Chinese Affairs, No.10 (July 1983), PP. 98–104.
Field, Robert Michael. "A Slowdown in Chinese Industry". The China Quarterly, No. 80 (December 1979), PP. 734 – 39.
_____. "Slow Growth of Labor Productivity in Chinese Industry, 1952–81". The China Quarterly, No. 96 (December 1983), PP. 641–64.
_____. "Changes in Chinese Industry Sine 1978". The China Quarterly, No. 100 (December 1984 ), PP. 742 – 61.
Fujimoto, Akira. "The Economic Responsibility System in China's Industrial Sector". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 41 (November–December 1982), PP. 2 – 8.
_____. "China's Fiscal and Financial Reforms ". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 44 (May–June 1983), PP. 2–7.
_____. "China's State Finance in the Coures of 'Readjustment ' ". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 45 (July–August 1983), PP. 2-9.
_____. "China's Economic Reforms: The New Stage". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 54 (January–February 1985), PP. 2 – 23.
Furusawa, Kenji. "Pricing China's Industrial Products: Difficulties in the Reform of China's Pricing System". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 52 (September– October 1984), PP. 2–6.
Halpern, Nina P. "China's Industrial Economic Reforms: The Question of Strategy". Asian Survey, Vol. XXV, No. 10 (October, 1985), PP. 998 – 1012.
Hama, Katsuhiko. "Systemic Reform and Financial Problems-The 'Investment Fever ' Mechanism". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 47 (November–December 1983), PP. 7 – 14.
Imai, Satoshi. "China's Foreign Reserves". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 49 (March–April 1984), PP. 5–8.
Ishihara, Kyoichi. "The Prie Problem and Economic Reform". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 46 (September October 1983), PP. 2–7.
Ishikawa, Shigeru. "China's Economic Growth Since 1949 – An Assessment". The China Quarterly, No. 94 (June 1983), PP. 242 – 8 1.
Jackson, Sukhan. "Reform of State Enterprise Management in China". The China Quarterly, No. 107 (September 1986), PP. 405-32.
Kambara, Tatsu. "China's Energy Development During the Readjustment and Prospects for the Future". The China Quarterly, No. 100 (December 1984), PP. 762– 82.
Klatt, W. "China's New Economic Policy: A Statistical Appraisal". The China Quarterly, No. 80 (December 1979), PP. 716 – 33.
Kojima, Sueo. "China Toughens Readjustment". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 30 (February 1981), PP. 8–13.
_____. "Another View of China's Economic Disorders". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 32 (May–June ), PP. 2 – 7. -
Kueh Y. Y. "China's International Trade: Policy and Organizational Change and Their Place in the 'Economic Readjustment ' ". The China Quarterly, No. 100 (December 1984), PP. 813 – 48.
Lardy, Nicholas R. "Centralization and Decentralization in China's Fiscal Management". The China Quarterly, No. 61 (March 1975), PP. 25–60.
_____. "Consumption and Living Standards in China, 1978–83". The China Quarterly, No. 100 (December 1984), PP. 849 – 65.
Lee, Peter Nan–Shong. "Enterprise Autonomy Policy in Post-Mao China: A Case Study of Policy-Making, 1978–83". The China Quarterly, No. 105 (March 1986), PP. 45-71.
Marujama, Nobuo. "Regional Development Policy: Part I". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 32 (May–June 1981), PP. 14 – 22.
_____. "The Investment Cycle in China: Why Overex-pasion of Investment Persists". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 45 (July–August 1983), PP. 10–17.
_____. "The Mechanism of China's Industrial Development: Background to the Shift in Development Strategy". The Developing Economies, Vol. XX. No. 4 (1984), PP. 437 – 71.
Mochizuki, Kiichi. "Chinese, Soviet, and Humgarian Economic Reforms Compared". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 54 (January–February 1985), PP. 7–10.
Nakajima, Seiichi. "China's Industrial Production in the First Half of 1984". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 52 (September–October 1984), PP. 11–14.
Oksenberg, Michel. "China's Economic Bureaucracy". China Business Review, IX (May-June 1982), PP. 22-28.
_____. "Economic Policy-Making in China: Summer 1981". The China Quarterly, No. 90 (June 1982), PP. 165 – 94.
Perkins, Dwight H. "Plans and Their Implementation in the People's Republic of China". American Economic Review, Vol. 63, No. 2 (May 1973), PP. 224-231.
Prybyla, Jan S. "Changes in the Chinese Economy: An Interpretation". Asian Surey, XIX (May 1979), PP. 409 – 35.
_____. "China in the 1980s". Challenge, (May–June 1980), pp.4-20.
_____, "Key Issues in the Chinese Economy". Asian Survey, Vol. 21, No. 9 (September 1981), PP. 925–60.
_____. "Readjustment and Reform in the Chinese Economy". Occasional Papers, No. (1981), PP. 1–58.
Rawski, Thomas G. "Chinese Economic Planning". Current Scene, XIV (April 1976), PP. 1-15.
Reynolds, Bruce. "Economic Reforms and External Imbalance in China, 1978–81". American Economic Review, Vol. 73, No. 2 (May 1983), PP. 325–32.
Reynolds, Lloyd. "China as a Less Developed Economy". American Economic Review, Vol. 65, No. 3 (June 1975), PP. 418-28.
Riskin, Carl. "China's Rual Industries: Self-reliant Systems or Independent Kingdoms?" The China Quarterly, No. 73 (March 1978), PP. 77–98.
Solinger, Dorothy J. "Industrial Reform: Decentralization, Differentiation and the Difficulties". Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Winter 1986), PP. 105 – 118.
Stepanek, James. "China's New Economic Priorities". China Business Review, VI (July–August 1979), ΡΡ. 36-39.
Tanaka, Akio. "Vitalization and Balanced Growth of the Chinese Economy". JETRO China Newsletter, No. 49 (January–February 1984), PP. 2 – 4.
Walder, Andrew G. "Rice Bowl Reforms". China Business Review (November–December 1983), PP. 18–21.
_____. "China's Industry in Transition: To What?" Annals AAPSS, 476, (November 1984), PP. 62–73.
_____. "China Turns to Industry Reform". Challenge, (March-April 1985), PP.42-47.
Wong, Christine. “The Second Phase of Economic Reform in China”. Current History (September 1985), PP. 260-79.
Wu, Yuan-li. “Planers and Entrepreneurs in the PRC: Sources of Systemic Instability and Their Political Implications”. Asian Affairs (September-October 1981), PP.1-30.
Yeh K.C. “Macroeconomic Changes in the Chinese Economy During the Readjustment”. The China Quarterly, No. 100 (December 1984), PP. 691-715.
三、中文書籍
1.上海社會科學院編,中國城市經濟體制改革學習文選,上海:上海社會科學院,1984年版。
2.毛澤東,毛澤東選集,第五卷,北京:人民出版社,1977年版。
3.中國人民大學編,工業經濟管理概論參考資料,上下二冊,北京:中央廣播電視大學出版社,1983年版。
4.中國工業經濟管理研究會編,中國工業經濟管理,上下二冊,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1983年版。
5.中國社會科學院「世界經濟」編輯部編,匈牙利的經濟改革,北京:中國展望出版社,1983年版。
6.上海財經學院工業經濟系編,中國工業經濟管理簡編,吉林:人民出版社,1983年版。
7.邱汝焜編譯,匈牙利等國的工業改革,上海:上海翻譯出版公司,1985年版。
8.李悅著,中國工業部門結構,北京:中國人民大學出版社,1983年版。
9.何建章,王積業主編,中國計劃管理問題,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1984年版。
10.李成瑞,張單元合著,中國經濟的發展,北京:人民出版社,1982年版。
11.李尚治著,中國經濟結構問題研究,下冊,北京:人民出版社,1981年版。
12.吳振坤,藏志風合著,三中全會以來我國社會主義經濟建設的基本方針和政策,北京:經濟科學出版社,1984年版。
13.周太和主編,當代中國的經濟體制改革,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1984年版。
14.胡昌暖主編,價格學,北京:中國人民大學出版社,1982年版。
15.紅旗雜誌編輯部編,中國式的社會主義經濟體制,北京:紅旗出版社,1984年版。
16.孫尚清主編,論經濟結構對策,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1984年版。
17.馬洪主編,中國工業經濟問題研究,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1983年版。
18.馬洪主編,現代中國經濟事典,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1982年版。
19.馬洪,孫尚清主編,中國經濟結構問題研究,上下二冊,北京:人民出版社,1981年版。
20.孫尚清著,前進中的中國經濟,河北:人民出版版社,1983年版。
21.許毅,陳寶森及梁無瑕合著,社會主義價格問題,北京:中國財政經濟出版社,1984年版。
22.許滌新著,論社會主義的生產、流通與分配,北京:人民出版社,1979年版。
23.許滌新著,中國社會主義發展中的問題,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1983年版。
24.許滌新著,中國國民經濟的變革,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1982年版。
25.楊紀珂著,對策與戰略,安徽:安徽科學技術出版社,1986年版。
26.劉國光主編,中國經濟發展戰略問題研究,上海:人民出版社,1984年版。
27.劉國光,王瑞蓀合著,中國的經濟體制改革,北京:人民出版社,1982年版。
28.鄧小平,鄧小平文選,北京:人民出版社,1983年版。
29.鄧小平,建設有中國特色的社會主義,廣東:人民出版社,1984年版。
30.徐鳳臣,董士杰及王延禮合編,工業經濟責任制,瀋陽:遼寧人民出版社,1984年版。
31.薛暮橋著,當前我國經濟若干問題,北京:人民出版社,1980年版。
32.薛暮橋著,中國社會主義經濟問題研究,北京:人民出版社,1983年版。
33.羅素冬,朱安康及蓋奇等合譯,匈牙利國民經濟計劃工作的基礎,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1983年版。
34.顧宗棖主編,科技進步與工業發展戰略,四川:四川省社會科學院出版社,1984 年版。
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