本文觀察到於越戰結束後，東亞呈現一個沒有霸權的狀態，然而，近來中國經濟的成長，使得人民幣國際化可能成為一項在東亞新出現的國際公共財。因此，筆者欲透過檢視東亞體系的現況與人民幣的國際化，嘗試對傳統霸權穩定理論中，對於霸權與公共財出現關係之部分進行修正，並重新檢視霸權的存在與一項新國際公共財提供之間的關聯性。

本文檢視東亞體系自戰後以來的演變與現況，並分別探討東亞體系中的三大行為者－中、美、日於體系中的角色轉變與其對於東亞體系的認知，最終本文提出「隱性霸權」的概念來為東亞體系下一註腳。

提出「隱性霸權」之概念後，本文進一步檢視人民幣國際化迄今為止的政策與現況，並透過8項貨幣國際化指標來評估人民幣目前的國際化程度。本文發現，人民幣目前的國際化程度比起世界其他主要貨幣，國際化程度仍相對較低，然而，本文認為由於中國本身的特殊條件，人民幣的國際化不是能或不能的問題，而只是何時的問題。因此，人民幣成為東亞體系中的國際公共財指日可待。

綜合上述討論，本文提出對於傳統霸權穩定理論的修正，指出於東亞體系中人民幣的國際化，讓傳統霸權穩定理論中，需要在體系內有一超強存在，國際公共財才得以出線的論述有修正之必要，此外，雖體系中有霸權存在將使公共財出現的可能性大幅上升，然而並不代表沒有霸權存在，公共財便不會出現。

參考文獻

中文專書

中共中央文獻編輯委員會，鄧小平文選第3卷(上海：上海人民出版社，1993
年)。
沈中華；王儷容，人民幣國際化，清算機制與台灣(台北：財團法人台灣金融研
訓院，2012年)。
蔡東杰，東亞區域發展的政治經濟學(台北：五南出版社，2007年)。

中文論文

人民幣現金跨境流動調查課題組，「2004年人民幣現金跨境流動調查」，中國金
融，第六期(2005年4月)，頁38-39。
人民幣國際化研究課題組，「人民幣國際化的時機、途徑及其策略」，中國金融，
第五期(2006年)，頁12-13。
王國臣，「人民幣國際化程度與前景的實證分析」，國立政治大學國家發展研究
所博士論文(2012年)。
石巧榮，「國際貨幣競爭格局演進中的人民幣國際化前景」，國際金融研究，第
七期(2011年)，頁34-42。
宋曉玲，「人民幣國際化：基於歷史慣性視角的實證分析」，上海金融，第十期
(2010年)，頁45-49。
李瑤，「非國際貨幣、貨幣國際化與資本項目可兌換」，金融研究，第八期(2003
年)，頁104-111。
何帆，「人民幣國際化的現實選擇」，國際經濟評論，第四期(2009年7月)，頁
8-14。
何思慎，「日本民主黨政權的中國政策(2009-2011年)」，遠景基金會季刊，第
13卷第一期(2012年1月)，頁1-49。
李瓊莉，「美國『重返亞洲』對區域主義之意涵」，全球政治評論，第39期(2012
年7月)，頁87-103。
邱坤玄，「中國在周邊地區的多邊外交理論與實踐」，遠景基金會季刊，第11
卷，第4期(2010年10月)，頁1-41。
吳愛民，「人民幣國際化：經驗借鑒與策略選擇」，中國經貿導刊，11月下(2012
年)，頁59-61。
許志嘉，「中國新睦鄰外交政策：戰略意涵與作為」遠景基金會季刊，第8卷，
第3期(2007年7月)，頁43-90。
郭建偉、趙媛媛，2013，「人民幣國際化：現實與前瞻」，經濟問題，第一期(2013
年)，頁67-72。
蔡增家，「日本與東協關係的轉變」，問題與研究，第44卷，第2期(2005年4
月)，頁103-129。

日文專書

和田春樹等編，東アジア近現代通史(7)アジア諸戦争の時代(東京：岩波書店，
2011年)。
和田春樹等編，東アジア近現代通史(8)ベトナム戦争の時代(東京：岩波書店，
2011年)。
和田春樹等編，東アジア近現代通史(9)経済発展と民主革命(東京：岩波書店，
2011年)。
和田春樹等編，東アジア近現代通史(10)和解と協力の未来へ，(東京：岩波
書店，2011年)。

日文論文

盧業中，「見た目は新しいが中身は変わらず：第二期オバマ政権のアジア太
平洋政策の初歩研究」，問題と研究，第42卷1号(2013年3月)，頁31-73。

英文專書

Booth, Wayne C. Colomb Gregory G., Williams Joseph M., The Craft of Research,
Third Edition (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2008).
Carr, E.H. The Twenty Years Crisis, 1919-1939 : an introduction to the study of
international relations (London : Macmillan., 1956).
Chen, Hongyi. Peng, Wensheng. “The Potential of the Renminbi as an International
Currency,” in Wensheng Peng, Chang Shu eds., Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan., 2009). pp.115-138.
Cohen, Benjamin J. The Future of Sterling as an International Currency, New York:
St. Martin's Press., 1971).
──“The Revolution in Atlantic Economic Relations: A Bargain
Comes Unstuck,” in Wolfram Hanrieder ed., The United States and Western Europe: Political, Economic, and Strategic Perspective (Cambridge, Mass: Winthrop Publishers, 1974). pp.106-133.
──International Political Economy: An Intellectual History (NewJersey:
Princeton University Press., 2008).
Frankel, Jeffrey. “Is Japan Creating a Yen Bloc in East Asia and the Pacific?” in
Jeffrey Frankel, Miles Kahler, eds., Regionalism and Rivalry: Japan and the United States in Pacific Asia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press., 1993). pp.53-88.
──Wei, Shang-Jin. “Yen Bloc or Dollar Bloc? Exchange Rate Policies of the East
Asian Economies,” in Takatoshi Ito, Anne Krueger, eds., Macroeconomic Linkage: Savings, Exchange Rates, and Capital Flows (Chicago: University of Chicago press, 1994). pp.295-333.
Gilpin, Robert. “The Politics of Transnational Economic Relations,” in Robert O.
Keohane, Joseph S. Nye, Jr. eds., Transnational Relations and World Politics (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972). pp.48-69.
──U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation (New York: Basic Books.,
1975).
──War and Change in World Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press.,
1981).
──The Political Economy of International Relations (New Jersey: Princeton
University Press., 1987).
Goldstein, Joshua S. Long Cycles: Prosperity and War in the Modern Age (New
Haven: Yale University Press., 1988).
Guzzini, Stefano. Realism in International Relations and International Political
Economy: the Continuing Story of a Death Foretold. ( New York: Routledge., 1998).
Joffe, Josef. “Defying History and Theory: The United States as the Last Remaining
Superpower,” in John Iken berry ed., America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power (Ithaca: Cornell University Press., 2002). pp.155-180.
Kalia, D. R. The Emerging Great Powers: Their Potential and Prospects (Delhi:
Prominent Publishers., 1997).
Kenen, Peter B. The Role of the Dollar as an International Currency (New York:
Group of Thirty., 1983).
Keohane, Robert O. “The Theory of Hegemonic Stability and Charges in
International Economic Regimes, 1967-1977.,” in Holsti, Ole R. Siverson, Randolph M. George, Alexander L. eds., Change in International System (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press., 1980). pp.131-162.
──After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy
(Princeton: Princeton University Press., 1984).
──, Nye, Joseph S. Power and Interdependence (Boston: Longman., 2001).
Kindleberger, Charles P. The World in Depression 1929-1939 (Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press., 1973).
Kwan, C. H. Economic Interdependence in the Asia-Pacific Region: Towards a Yen
Bloc (London: Routledge., 1994).
Li, David Daokui. Liu, Linlin. “RMB Internationalization: Empirical and Policy
Analysis,” in Wensheng Peng, Chang Shu eds., Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan., 2009). pp.167-185.
Lincoln, Edward. East Asian Economic Regionalism (Washington D.C.: Brookings
Institution., 2004).
Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: Norton.,
2001).
Modelski, George. Long Cycles in World Politics (Seattle: University of Washington
Press., 1987).
Nye, Joseph S. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (New
York: Basic Books., 1990).
Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of
Groups (Cambridge: Harvard University Press., 1965).
Schelling, Thomas C. Micromotives and Macrobehavior (New York: W. W. Norton.,
1978).
Stefan, Halper A. The Beijing Consensus: How China’s Authoritarian Model Will
Dominate the Twenty-Frist Century (New York: Basic Books., 2010).
Suzuki, Yoshio. Japan’s Economic Performance and International Role (Tokyo:
University of Tokyo Press., 1989).
Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Modern World-System II: Mercantilism and the
Consolidation of the European World-Economy (San Diego, California: Academic Press., 1980).

英文論文

Aggarwal, Raj. Mougoue, Mbodja. “Cointegration among Asian Currencies: Evidence
of the Increasing Influence of the Japanese Yen,” Japan and the World Economy, Vol.8, No.3(September 1996), pp.291-308.
Blinder, Alan. “The Role of the Dollar as an International Currency,” Eastern
Economic Journal, Vol.22, No.2(Spring 1996), pp.127-136.
Chinn, Menzie. Frankel, Jeffrey. “Will the Euro Eventually Surpass the Dollar as
Leading International Reserve Currency?,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No.11510, <http://www.nber.org/papers/w11510.pdf?new_window=1>(July 2005).
Choudhry, S. Abu-Bakar, A. Wylie, P. “A Yen Bloc in Pacific Asia: Natural Economic
Symbiosis or Overblown Rhetorics?” Applied Economics Letters, Vol.7, No.4(April 2000), pp.215-218.
Cohen, Benjamin J. “Enlargement and the International Role of the Euro,” Presented
for the Conference The Euro and the Dollar. (April 25, 2006).
──“The Future of Reserve Currencies,” Financial & development IMF,
<http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2009/09/pdf/cohen.pdf>(September 2009).
Cox, Robert W. “Middlepowermanship, Japan and Future World Order,” International
Journal, Vol. 44, No.4(Autumn 1989), pp.823-862.
Eichengreen, Barry. Frankel, Jeffrey. “On the SDR: Reserve Currencies and the
Future of the International Monetary System,” IMF Seminar on the Future of the SDR, <http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/SDRCIDwp.3JF.PDF>(May 1996).
Eijffinger, Sylvester C. W. “The International Role of Euro,” presented for The
Conduct of Monetary and an Evaluation of the Economic Situation in Europe – 4th Quarter 2003 (November 2003) for the European Parliament.
Estrada, Gemma. Park, Donghyun. Park, Innwon. Park, Soonchan. “China’s Free
Trade Agreements with ASEAN, Japan and Korea: A Comparative Analysis,” China & World Economy, Vol.20, No.4(July 2012), pp.108-126.
Frankel, Jeffrey. “The Japanese Cost of Finance: A Survey,” The Journal of the
Financial Management Association, Vol.20, No.1(Spring 1991), pp.95-127.
──“Historical Precedents for Internationalization of the RMB,” Council on Foreign
Relations Working Papers, <http://i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/CGS-IIGG_WorkingPaper17_Frankel.pdf> (November, 2011).
Guan, Benny Teh Cheng. “Japan-China rivalry: What role does the East Asia Summit
play?,” Asia Pacific Viewpoint, Vol. 52 No.3(December 2011), pp.347-360.
Hartmann, Philipp. Issing, Otmar. “The International Role of the Euro,” Journal of
Policy Modeling, Vol.24, No.4(July 2002), pp.315-345.
Holloway, Nigel. “Reluctant Converts: Asian Governments Resist Logic of a Yen
Bloc,” Far Eastern Economic Review, Vol.150, No.41(October 1990), pp.72-73.
Hund, Markus. “ASEAN Plus Three: towards a new age of pan-East Asian
regionalism? A skeptic’s appraisal,” The Pacific Review, Vol. 16 No.3(September 2003), pp.383-417.
Ikenberry, John G. “America’s Liberal Hegemony,” Current History, Vol. 98,
No.624(January 1999), pp.23-28.
Ito, Takatoshi. “China as Number One: How about the Renminbi?,” Asian Economic
Policy Review, Vol 5, No. 2(December 2010), pp.249-276.
──“The Internationalization of the RMB,” Council on Foreign Relations,
<http://i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/CGS-IIGG_WorkingPaper15_Ito.pdf > (November 2011).
Kannan, Prakash. “On the Welfare Benefits of an International Currency,” IMF
Working Paper WP/07/49, <http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp0749.pdf>(March 2007)
Kenen, Peter B. “Currency Internationalsation: An Overview,” presented for Bok-BIS
Seminar on Currency Internationalization: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis and Prospects for the Future in Asia and the Pacific (Seoul: March 19-20, 2009).
Kindleberger, Charles P. “Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy:
Exploitation, Public Goods and Free Riders,” International Quarterly, Vol.25, No.2(June 1981), pp.242-254.
──“International Public Good without International Government,” American
Economic Review, Vol.76, No.1(March 1986), pp.1-13.
Krasner Stephen D., “State Power and Structure of International Trade,” World
Politics, Vol. 28, No. 3(April 1976), pp. 317-347.
Kwan, C.H. “Time for Asia to From Yen Bloc,” Asian Business, Vol.32,
No.2(February 1996), pp.32-35.
──“The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas and the Possibility of Forming a Yen
Bloc in Asia,” Journal of Asian Economics, Vol.9, No.4(1998), pp.555-580.
Lake, David A. “Beneath the Commerce of Nations: A Theory of International
Economic Structures,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2(June 1984), pp.143-179.
Lee, Jong Wha. “Will the Renminbi Emerge as an International Reserve Currency?”
Asian Development Bank, <http://aric.adb.org/grs/papers/Lee.pdf>(June 2010).
Madden, Gary. Savage, Scott. Mcdonald, Andrew. “Assessing the Economic
Preconditions for a Yen Bloc,” Australian Economic Papers, Vol.39, No.1(March 2000), pp.25-33.
Mckeown, Timothy J. “Hegemonic Stability Theory and 19th Century Tariff Levels in
Europe,” International Organization, Vol. 37, No. 1(Winter 1983), pp.73-91.
Melvin, Michael. Peiers, Bettina. “On the Possibility of a Yen Currency Bloc for
Pacific-Basin Countries: a Stochastic Dominance Approach,” Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Vol.1, No.4(December 1993), pp.309-333.
Nixon, Richard M. “Asia after Vietnam,” Foreign Affairs, Vol.46, No.1(October
1967), pp.111-125.
Papaioannou, Elias. Portes, Richard. “Costs and Benefits of Running an International
Currency,” European Economy: Economic Papers, <http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication13486_en.pdf> (November 2008)
Park, Yung Chul. Song, Chi-Young. “Renminbi Internationalization: Prospects and
Implications for Economic Integration in East Asia,” Asian Economic Papers, Vol. 10, No.3(September 2011), pp.42-72.
Pollard, Vincent K. “ASA and ASEAN, 1961-1967: Southeast Asian Regionalism,”
Asian Survey, Vol.10, No.3(March 1970), pp.244-255.
Ravehill, John. “From Poster Child to Orphan: The Rise and Demise of APEC,”
UNISCI Discussion Papers, No. 13(2007), pp.91-100.
Robert, Aliber. “The Costs and Benefits of the U.S. Role as a Reserve Currency
Country,” Quarterly Journal of Economic, Vol. 78, No.3(August 1964), pp.442-454.
Russett, Bruce. “The mysterious case of vanishing hegemony; or, Is Mark Twain
really dead?,” International Organization, Vol. 39, No. 2(Spring 1985), pp.207-231.
Sanchez, Peter M. “The End of Hegemony? Panama and the United States”,
International Journal on World Peace, Vol. 19, No.3(September 2002), pp.57-89.
Snidal Duncan, “The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory,” International
Organization, Vol.39, No.4(Autumn 1985), pp.579-614.
Stubbs, Richard “ASEAN Plus Three: Emerging East Asian Regionalism?” Asian
Survey, Vol.42, No.3(June 2002), pp.440-456.
Subramanlan, Arvlnd. “Renminbi Rules: The Conditional Imminence of the Reserve
Currency Transition,” Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper Series WP 11-14, <http://www.piie.com/publications/wp/wp11-14.pdf>(Spetember 2011).
──, Kessler, Martin. “The Renminbi Bloc Is Here: Asia Down, Rest of the World to
Go?,” Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper Series WP 12-19, <www.iepecdg.com.br/uploads/artigos/wp12-19.pdf‎>(October 2012).
Sudo, Sueo. “Japan’s ASEAN policy: reactive or proactive in the face of a rising
China in East Asia?,” Asian Perspective, Vol.33 No.1(January 2009), pp.137-158.
Tavlas, George S. “Internationalization of Currencies: The Case of the US Dollar and
Its Challenger Euro,” International Executive, Vol.39, No.5(September 1997), pp.581-597.
Terada, Takashi. “The origins of ASEAN+6 and Japan’s initiatives: China’s rise and
the agent–structure analysis,” The Pacific Review, Vol. 23 No.1(March 2010), pp.71-92.
Thimann, Christian. “Global Roles of Currencies,” European Central Bank Working
Paper Series No.1031, <http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1031.pdf>(March 2009).
Tung, Chen-yuan. Wang, Guo-chen. Yeh, Jason. “Renminbi Internationalization:
Progress Prospect and Comparison,” China & World Economy, Vol.20, No.5(September 2012), pp.63-82.
Webb, Michael C. Krasner, Stephen D. “Hegemonic Stability Theory: An Empirical
Assessment,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 15, No.2(April 1989), pp.183-198.
Wong, Lai Foon. “China–ASEAN and Japan–ASEAN Relations during the Post-Cold
War Era,” Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol.1, No.3(Spring 2007), pp.373-404.
Wu, Friedrich. Pan, Rongfang. Wang, Di. “Renminbi’s Potential to Become a Global
Currency,” China & World Economy, Vol.18, No.1(January 2010), pp.63-81.
Yoshimatu, Hidetaka. “Domestic Political Institutions, Diplomatic Style and Trade
Agreements: A Comparative Study of China and Japan,” New Political Economy, Vol.15 No.3(September 2010), pp.395-419.

官方文獻

「2008年國際金融市場報告發布稿－第一部分」，中國人民銀行，
<http://www.pbc.gov.cn/image_public/UserFiles/File/2008%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E7%A8%BF-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86.pdf>(2009年3月13日)。(下載日期：2013/04/29)
「國際金融市場報告」，中國人民銀行，
<http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/main/3637/index.html> (瀏覽日期：2013/04/29)。
「2010中國金融市場發展報告」，中國人民銀行，
<http://www.pbc.gov.cn/image_public/UserFiles/goutongjiaoliu/upload/File/%E3%80%8A2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8B%E6%80%BB%E8%AE%BA.pdf>(2011年3月25日)。 (下載日期：2013/04/29)
「關於擴大跨境貿易人民幣結算地區的通知」，中國人民銀行，
<http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/huobizhengceersi/3131/2011/20110824095546412658601/20110824095546412658601_.html> (2011年8月24日)。(瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
「中國人民銀行公告第23號」，中國人民銀行，
<http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/huobizhengceersi/3131/2011/20111014085818532376755/20111014085818532376755_.html>(2011年11月01日)。(瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
「中國人民銀行關於明確外商直接投資人民幣結算業務操作細則的通知」，中國
人民銀行文件－銀發165號， <http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/zhengwugongkai/1365648176956/_fileupload/E8ABFCC2.pdf>(2012年10月8日)。(下載日期：2013/05/03)
「中國人民銀行貨幣政策二司－業務動態」，中國人民銀行，
<http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/huobizhengceersi/3135/index.html>(瀏覽日期：2013年4月29日)
「新聞稿－貨幣統計數字」，香港金融管理局
<http://www.hkma.gov.hk/chi/key-information/press-release-category/monetary-statistics.shtml>。(瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
「介紹香港人民幣業務小冊子」，香港金融管理局，
<http://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/doc/key-functions/monetary-stability/rmb-business-in-hong-kong/hkma-rmb-booklet.pdf>(2012年12月)，頁7。(下載日期：2013/04/29)
「簽署人民幣業務合作備忘錄」，香港金管局，
<http://www.hkma.gov.hk/chi/key-information/press-releases/2010/20100719-4.shtml>(2010年7月19日)。(瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
“Military Power of the People’s Republic of China,” Department of Defense,
<http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/070523-China-Military-Power-final.pdf> (2007). (下載時間：2013/05/01)

網路資料

新華社，「《中國的和平發展道路》白皮書(全文)」(2005年12月22日)。
<http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-12/22/content_3954937_1.htm> (瀏覽時間：2013/04/13)
新華網，「央行就《跨境貿易人民幣結算試點管理辦法》答問」(2009年7月2
日)。<http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2009-07/02/content_11641384.htm> (瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
新華網，「中國跨境貿易人民幣結算試點地區擴至20個省區」(2010年6月22
日)。<http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2010-06/22/c_12248526.htm> (瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
中央社，「中國首次公開外匯儲備結構」(2010年9月4日)。中央社全文資料庫：
EM3M6001。(瀏覽日期：2013/04/26)
中央社，「菲參議長主張向中靠攏」(2010年11月4日)。中央社全文資料庫：
PF3R7601。(瀏覽日期2013/05/01)
新華網，「外媒：美再平衡戰略闡述難釋疑」(2013年3月27日)。
<http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-03/27/c_124507056.htm>(瀏覽時間：2013/05/01)
新華網，「麻生言論無力挑戰歷史事實」(2013年05月16日)。
<http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-05/16/c_115784417.htm > (瀏覽時間：2013/05/25)
“Countries’ GDP,” World Bank,
<http://search.worldbank.org/data?qterm=GDP&language=EN> (瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
“Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER),”
International Monetary Fund, <http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/cofer/eng/cofer.pdf>(下載時間：2013/04/28)
“Debt Securities Statistics - International debt securities by type, sector and currency
& International debt securities by maturity and residence of issuer,” Bank for International Settlement,
<https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qa1303_anx13a.pdf>
<https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qa1303_anx14a.pdf> (下載時間：2013/05/01)
“Debt Securities Statistics - International debt securities by type, sector and currency
& International debt securities by maturity and residence of issuer,” Bank for International Settlement,
<https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qa1303_anx13b.pdf>
<https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qa1303_anx14b.pdf> (下載日期：2013/05/01)
“International Trade Statistics 2010 & 2011 & 2012,” World Trade Organization,
<http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2012_e/its2012_e.pdf> (下載日期：2013/04/30)
<http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2011_e/its2011_e.pdf> (下載日期：2013/04/30)
<http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its2010_e.pdf> (下載日期：2013/04/30)
“The 15 Countries with the Highest military Expenditure in 2011,” Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute, <http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/resultoutput/milex_15/the-15-countries-with-the-highest-military-expenditure-in-2011-table/at_download/file> (2011) (下載時間：2013/05/04)
“The Future of the International Monetary System,” Speech by Vítor Constâncio,
Vice-President of the ECB, ECB The Golden Series lecture at the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum (OMFIF), <http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2011/html/sp111123.en.html>(November 23, 2011).(瀏覽時間：2013/05/01)
“Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity
in 2010 - Final results”, Bank for International Settlement, <http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf10t.pdf> (December 2010). (下載時間：2013/04/29)
“World Fact Book, Country Comparison :: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold,”
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html> (瀏覽日期：2013/04/26)
Barboza, David. “In China, Tentative Steps toward Global Currency,” The New York
Times, <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/11/business/global/11yuan.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&>(Febuary 10, 2011).(瀏覽時間：2013/05/02)
Eichengreen, Barry. “History smiles on ambitious yuan,” Taipei Times,
<http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2009/11/29/2003459715/1> (November 29, 2009), p.8. (瀏覽日期：2013/05/01)
Frankel, Jeffrey. “Is a Yen Bloc Forming in Pacific Asia?”
<www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jfrankel/AMEXCUT2.YEN.PDF>(October 8, 1991) (下載日期：2013/04/23)
Merriam-Webster Web Dictionary – Hegemony
<http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hegemony> (瀏覽日期：2013/02/18)
Park, Yung Chul. Park, Won Am. “Exchange Rate Policy for the East Asian NICs,”
KDI Working Paper Korea Development Institute, No.9010, <http://cid-dev.kdi.re.kr/cid_eng/public/report_read05.jsp?1=1&pub_no=856> (May 1, 1990) (下載時間：2013/05/01)
Soft Power in Asia: Results of a 2008 Multinational Survey of Public Opinion,”
Chicago Council on Global Affairs, <http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/UserFiles/File/POS_Topline%20Reports/Asia%20Soft%20Power%202008/Chicago%20Council%20Soft%20Power%20Report-%20Final%206-11-08.pdf> (2008) (下載時間：2013/01/28)