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研究生: 陳子瑄
Chen, Tzu-Hsuan
論文名稱: 平台之競爭法議題-以應用程式商店為中心
Competition Law Issues of Platforms: Focusing on App Store
指導教授: 宋皇志
Sung, Huang-Chih
口試委員: 鄭菀瓊
Cheng, Wan-Chiung
莊弘鈺
Chuang, Hung-Yu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 商學院 - 科技管理與智慧財產研究所
Graduate Institute of Technology, Innovation and Intellectual Property Management
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 126
中文關鍵詞: 數位平台應用程式商店競爭法網路效應市場界定濫用獨占地位搭售應用程式內購買限制導引條款
外文關鍵詞: App store, Definition of relevant market, Abuse of monopolistic Position, Tying, Anti-steering provisions, Epic Games v. Apple
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202200586
相關次數: 點閱:329下載:13
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  • 隨著行動通訊及網際網路快速發展,應用程式的出現改變了人們的工作方式及其他社會和經濟現象。然而於現階段應用程式商店發展中,Apple及Google之應用程式商店規模逐漸壯大,以致有濫用主導地位之疑慮存在,衍伸出應用程式商店是否透過控制主導地位以獲得不合理之利益,並使應用程式市場向有利於其的方向傾斜,亦透過訂定審查指南等規則強迫應用程式開發商須繳交一定之交易費用,以及是否存有搭售等其他競爭法爭議。
    本論文從以上問題出發,聚焦於討論應用程式商店所衍生之不同競爭法問題,並回顧近年於美國及歐盟針對應用程式商店之值得參考之判決,藉由判決中法院之意見得出本文所彙整之競爭法問題於法院實務中仍難以構成,惟其競爭法問題對於開發商、消費者而言仍皆造成傷害。因此本文提出數種應用程式商店平台、法院及監管機關未來可採取的做法,包括利用分離原則以使平台失去現有的優勢以制衡其發展;法院可透過個別化禁制令有效解決單一公司之壟斷行為而不致同時影響其他公司;監管機關可利用互操作性縮小大型企業之獨占地位以及與競爭對手之差距;亦可使用網路中立性將平台列為公共承運人,使其須負擔網路中立性之責任,由監管機關直接監督;也試圖重新規劃應用程式商店平台之商業模式。此外,本文嘗試融入行為經濟學角度,認為行為經濟學可透過其經驗論給予新的執法對策。亦分析各國目前針對應用程式商店所草擬新法案或是修正案,以了解目前各國對於應用程式商店競爭法議題上的態度。最終對於未來企業如何因應及監管機關如何執法上提出建議。


    With the development of telecommunication and the internet, the emergence of apps changes the way of working and other social and economic phenomena. However, at the current stage of the development of the app store, the scale of the app stores of Apple and Google now are so huge that raises concern about abusing their dominant position. If they obtain unreasonable profit by controlling the dominant position and tilting the app market in their favor, and setting guidelines to force app developers to pay transaction fees, and whether there are other competition law issues such as tying and others.
    To answer the questions above, this thesis examines the different competitive law issues derived from app store and focuses on the important app store cases in the US, and the EU. From these cases, this study summarizes and analyses that issues of competition law are still difficult to fulfill in cases, but competition law issues still cause harm to both developers and consumers. Therefore, this thesis makes several suggestions that app store platforms, courts, and regulators can implement in the future: (1) using the principle of separation to make the platform lose its existing advantages to balance the development of app store; (2) the court can solve the monopoly problem of a single company by tailored injunctions; (3) regulator can use interoperability to narrow the gap of large companies and other competitors, and can also use net neutrality to make the platform become a common carrier, making it take the responsibility of net neutrality; (4) redesign the business model of the app store platform.
    In addition, this study attempts to integrate the perspective of behavioral economics, trying to provide the new law enforcement policies by behavioral economics. It also analyses the new bills or amendments currently to understand the current attitudes of countries on the issue of competition law for app store. To conclude the research of this thesis, this study provides the direction for companies and regulators.

    第一章 緒論 1
    第一節 研究動機與目的 1
    第二節 研究方法 2
    第三節 研究範圍與限制 2
    第四節 本文架構 3
    第二章 應用程式商店之平台特性 5
    第一節 應用程式商店與雙邊市場 5
    第一項 雙邊市場之定義及特性 5
    第二項 應用程式商店於雙邊市場之應用 8
    第二節 應用程式商店之生態體系及特性 12
    第一項 發行應用程式之方法 13
    第二項 應用程式內購買及交易費用 17
    第三章 應用程式商店平台之競爭法爭議 21
    第一節 市場界定與支配地位 21
    第一項 相關市場之界定 21
    第二項 市場力量 26
    第二節 拒絕交易 28
    第一項 概要 28
    第二項 關鍵設施理論 28
    第三項 應用程式商店之拒絕交易 30
    第三節 超額定價 31
    第一項 概要 31
    第二項 United Brands案之兩階段測試 33
    第三項 應用程式商店之超額定價 34
    第四節 搭售、綑綁 36
    第一項 概要 36
    第二項 各國搭售行為之相關規定 37
    第三項 應用程式商店之搭售 39
    第五節 限制導引條款 43
    第一項 概要 43
    第二項 Ohio v. American Express 44
    第三項 應用程式商店之限制導引條款 46
    第六節 小結 47
    第四章 應用程式商店平台之案件分析 50
    第一節 Apple Inc. v. Pepper 50
    第一項 案例事實 50
    第二項 法院見解 51
    第三項 判決評析暨本文見解 54
    第二節 Epic Games, Inc. vs. Apple Inc. 57
    第一項 案例事實 57
    第二項 法院見解 60
    第三項 判決評析暨本文見解 70
    第三節 其他案例 71
    第一項 The European Commission: Google案 71
    第二項 The European Commission: Statement of Objections to Apple 73
    第三項 荷蘭市場競爭事務機構(ACM)之裁決 74
    第四節 小結暨後續案件 76
    第五章 應用程式商店於未來之可能做法 79
    第一節 競爭法之解方 79
    第一項 分離原則 79
    第二項 個別化禁制令 81
    第三項 互操作性 82
    第四項 網路中立性 85
    第五項 重新考慮槓桿原則 88
    第六項 行為經濟學 90
    第二節 重新架構商業模式 92
    第一項 應用程式內購買機制與交易費用 92
    第二項 清晰透明之應用程式商店規則 93
    第三節 各國近期立法變革 94
    第一項 美國 95
    第二項 歐盟 97
    第三項 亞洲 100
    第四節 小結 101
    第六章 結論與建議 105
    第一節 結論 105
    第二節 建議 106
    第一項 對於企業之策略建議 106
    第二項 對於我國監管機關未來執法上之建議 107
    參考文獻 113

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