2022年2月24日俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後改變了歐盟成員國對於與烏克蘭交往政策相對分散的態度，歐盟國家在戰爭開始後在支持烏克蘭上產生高度的集體共識。在面臨俄羅斯長期反對北約及歐盟東擴，並以軍事行動公開挑戰歐洲安全秩序的地緣政治衝擊下，歐盟仍在烏克蘭提出入歐申請的四個月後隨即正式給予烏克蘭歐盟候選國的地位。本文以層次分析法結合歐盟多層次治理架構，分別以體系層次、超國家層次、國家層次，以及決策者層次四個面向，分析影響歐盟在此地緣政治衝擊下仍決定授予烏克蘭候選國地位的決策成因，並探討在各層次行為者中主要驅動歐盟做出此決策的因素。
歐盟在地緣政治衝擊下仍授予烏克蘭候選國地位，係由體系層次的外部衝擊提供觸發性條件，同時改變其餘層次行為者的安全威脅認知，而超國家機構的議程設定、政策協調、規範性權力施壓，及國家層次多數成員國的廣泛性支持，以及決策者層次中個別領導人的個人政治理念互動後共同塑造出歐盟的政策轉向而形成決策。就此，體系層次具有相對主導性，因其同時觸發各層次行為者之政策轉向，使在歐盟擴大疲乏氣氛且原本不在歐盟東擴議程上的烏克蘭迅速成為歐盟的政治優先排序；但在歐盟特殊的超國家政體下，會員國權力經由不同方向網狀地分享予超國家、跨國家，以及次國家層級上，因此體系層次的安全衝擊仍須透過各層次行為者相互協調才能轉化為具體政策產出，任一單一行為者皆無法單獨決定政策方向。

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 marked a turning point in the European Union’s approach toward Kyiv, transforming previously fragmented national policies into a cohesive and unified stance. Despite Russia’s longstanding opposition to NATO and EU enlargement, which ultimately culminated in direct military action at Europe’s doorstep, the EU moved swiftly to grant Ukraine candidate status only four months after Ukraine submitted its membership application. This thesis employs the levels-of-analysis framework in conjunction with the EU’s multi-level governance (MLG) model to analyze the factors shaping this decision, and examines contributing factors across four levels: the systemic level, the supranational institutional level, the national level of member states, and the individual decision-maker level.
The EU’s decision to grant Ukraine candidate status resulted from the interplay of multiple factors across analytical levels: the systemic-level external shock altered threat perceptions among actors at all levels; supranational institutions actively set the agenda, reconciled divergent national interests, and exerted normative pressure; member states provided broad support at the national level; and individual leaders at the decision-maker level exercised personal agency, collectively driving the EU’s policy shift. In this regard, the systemic level proved relatively dominant, as it simultaneously triggered policy shifts across all levels, rapidly elevating Ukraine’s EU membership bid to the EU’s top political priority. Nevertheless, the systemic shock still required cross-level coordination within the MLG framework to translate into concrete policy outcomes.

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（伍）、訪問資料
Kos, M. (2025) EU will move Ukraine membership forward despite Hungary veto/Interviewer: Deutsche Welle.