近年來，隨著大國競爭升溫與全球經濟相互依賴日益深化，經濟工具逐漸成為國家追求外交與安全目標的重要手段，地緣經濟（Geoeconomics）亦成為國際政治經濟研究的重要議題。然而，既有研究多半聚焦於國家如何運用制裁、出口管制或金融工具達成戰略目的，較少探討這些政策如何透過政府部門的制度運作被具體執行與持續制度化。基於此，本研究以美國財政部為分析對象，探討其於2017年至2025年間如何由傳統負責財政管理與金融監管的行政機關，逐步轉變為美國地緣經濟政策的重要執行者。

本研究以經濟國策（Economic Statecraft）、地緣經濟（Geoeconomics）及武器化互賴（Weaponized Interdependence）等理論作為分析架構，採用質性研究方法，結合長期文本分析與個案研究進行實證分析。首先系統性整理2017年至2025年間美國財政部官方新聞稿，以觀察政策議題、工具運用與行政重心的長期變化；其次，以美國對俄羅斯制裁作為個案，分析財政部如何透過金融制裁、美元金融體系及制度性監管工具參與美國對外戰略，並檢視其在政策執行中的制度角色。

研究結果顯示，美國財政部於研究期間呈現明顯的戰略角色轉變。新聞稿分析發現，制裁、國家安全、金融監管及國際合作等相關議題的比重持續提高，反映財政部的政策重心已逐漸由傳統財政行政管理轉向地緣經濟治理。俄羅斯制裁個案則進一步顯示，財政部已不僅是制裁政策的執行機關，而是憑藉海外資產控制辦公室（OFAC）、美元金融體系及跨境金融監管權限，在制裁措施的設計、執行、協調與制度擴張中扮演核心角色，使金融制裁逐步成為美國長期國家戰略的重要政策工具。同時，本研究亦發現，此一角色轉變橫跨川普第一任期、拜登政府及川普第二任期初期，並未因政黨輪替而出現根本改變，顯示其具有高度制度延續性。

本研究認為，美國財政部角色的變遷反映當代地緣經濟競爭已逐漸由單純運用經濟工具，發展為透過官僚體系、法律制度與金融治理機制所支撐的制度化治理模式。相較於既有文獻多從國家層次分析經濟工具的戰略運用，本研究將分析焦點下移至政府部門層級，說明地緣經濟政策如何透過行政機關的權限配置、制度設計與日常治理而被持續執行與制度化，不僅補充地緣經濟與經濟國策研究於制度分析上的不足，也提供理解當代美國對外經濟政策與政府部門角色轉變的新分析視角。

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