毒品危害防制條例第10條第1項及第2項針對施用毒品行為分別規定相應之刑事責任，然施用毒品究屬應受刑事制裁之犯罪行為，抑或應被視為需要醫療介入之健康問題，長期以來始終是刑事政策論辯之核心議題。對此，我國採取刑事制裁與醫療處遇並行之雙軌模式，並在「病犯」而非「罪犯」之現代刑事政策思維指導下，於檢察實務中逐步發展出緩起訴附命戒癮治療制度，降低再犯率並節省司法資源。此一制度安排體現我國將毒品施用者定位為兼具病人與犯人特質之病犯，並在醫療邏輯與刑罰體系之間尋求動態平衡之政策取向不同毒品在藥理作用、成癮性及身心影響上存在顯著差異，形塑各異之成癮歷程與戒癮策略。當代成癮醫學普遍將物質依賴界定為涉及神經生物機轉、心理歷程與社會環境因素交互作用之慢性復發性疾病，治療期間之復發亦被視為疾病進程之一部分，而非治療失敗之必然標誌。然而在我國現行實務中，復發行為往往同時涉及刑事評價，在緩起訴附命戒癮治療制度下極可能成為撤銷處分之依據，從而在醫療觀點與刑事處遇邏輯之間形成難以迴避的制度性張力。
我國雖已逐步建立結合醫療介入、社會支持與司法監督之多元防治模式，然實務上仍面臨適用標準不一、裁量結果欠缺一致性等結構性困境。本研究整合精神醫學與司法制度之分析視角，聚焦於四個核心面向：其一，說明不同毒品類型及其藥理特性；其二，說明毒品成癮之生理與心理機轉；其三，說明戒癮治療機制及其與復發歷程之制度關聯；其四，比較美國與日本毒品防治政策之發展取向，檢視其對我國現行制度之啟示。本研究期望透過跨國比較與機轉分析之整合，為我國毒品防治政策之未來調適與緩起訴制度之深化，提供兼具學術嚴謹性與實務參考價值之政策建議。

Under Articles 10(1) and 10(2) of Taiwan's Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act, drug use is subject to criminal liability. Whether drug use should be regarded as criminal conduct or as a health condition requiring medical intervention has long been a central issue in criminal policy. Taiwan has adopted a dual-track approach combining criminal sanctions with therapeutic intervention. Guided by the modern concept of treating drug users as offenders with illness, prosecutorial practice has developed the system of deferred prosecution with addiction treatment, which seeks to promote rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and balance medical treatment with criminal justice.
Against this background, this study adopts an interdisciplinary approach integrating psychiatry and criminal justice to examine four issues: the pharmacological characteristics of different drugs, the physiological and psychological mechanisms of addiction, the relationship between addiction treatment and relapse under the deferred prosecution system, and the comparative development of drug policies in the United States and Japan. The United States emphasizes the integration of judicial intervention and treatment through drug courts, whereas Japan has gradually incorporated judicial welfare into its traditionally separate criminal justice and medical systems. Through comparative legal analysis, this study proposes policy recommendations for refining Taiwan's drug control policy and strengthening the deferred prosecution with addiction treatment system.

一、期刊論文
(一) 林達，2023，論毒品初犯觀察勒戒之廢止與重建，最高檢察論壇，202306（創刊號），頁 222-232。
(二) 林臻嫺，2025，談毒品危害防制條例之觀察勒戒處分與明顯區隔原則、比例原則及正當法律程序，國會季刊，53 卷 1 期，頁 55-79。
(三) 李世暉、蔡易持，2022，新興影響精神物質管制措施檢證：以我國海關查緝實務為例，財稅研究，51 卷 3 期，頁 60-91。
(四) 李宗憲、楊士隆，2010，刑事司法戒治處遇制度之問題與困境研究，犯罪學期刊，13 卷 1 期，頁 107-141。
(五) 許絲捷，2016，緩起訴負擔條件之刑罰性探討，東吳法律學報，27 卷 4期，頁 58-59。
(六) 顏榕，2023，偵查中之轉向政策－以緩起訴制度為中心，臺北大學法學論叢，126 期，頁 259-329。
(七) 顏榕，2024，高齡社會下司法與社福連結之可能性：以緩起訴中辯護人的角色為中心，全國律師，28 卷 7 期，頁 47-57。

二、學位論文
(一) 柯雨瑞，2006，《百年來台灣毒品刑事政策變遷之研究》，頁 248，中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所博士論文。
(二) 洪麗雯，2010，《論毒癮戒治程序－我國與德國進行毒癮戒治程序的比較》，頁 28，國立政治大學法律學系碩士論文。
(三) 高世軒，2020，《緩起訴附命完成二級毒品戒癮治療之地方實作與規劃變遷歷程考察》，頁 37-40，國立臺灣大學科技整合法律學研究所碩士論文。
(四) 謝其達，2009，《毒品犯罪處遇之省思與展望－以我國緩起訴政策與美沙冬替代療法為中心》，頁 109-111，國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文。

三、政府機關資料
(一) 國家發展委員會，我國附命完成戒癮治療之緩起訴處分機制與成效之檢討，2018 年。
(二) 立法院預算中心，法務部主管 114 年度單位預算評估報告，2024 年。
(三) 法務部統計處，法務統計摘要，2025 年，表 5「第一、二級毒品新生人口戒癮治療撤銷緩起訴處分人數—按撤銷原因分」。

四、引用之準則公報
(一) 立法院公報處，《立法院公報》，第 83 卷第 83 期（下），頁 5-113。

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六、網路資料
(一) American Society of Addiction Medicine, Definition of Addiction, https://www.asam.org/quality-care/definition-of-addiction (visited on 2026/05/13).
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