本研究運用「4As」能源安全分析框架，針對臺灣與日本自 2011 年至 2020 年間的能源政策發展進行比較分析。儘管臺日兩國皆具備缺乏自產能源與獨立海島電網的先天限制，但自 2011 年福島核災後，雙方在能源轉型上展現出不同的政策軌跡。研究發現，臺灣的能源治理傾向「社會妥協模式」，政策制定較著重於社會政治的「可接受度」，並主要透過國營企業吸收國際燃料成本波動，以維持能源的「可負擔性」。此一模式雖能穩定短期民生物價，但也使國家在「供應充足性」與「可及性」上面臨潛在的結構性挑戰；特別是發電來源相對集中於進口液化天然氣（LNG），且電網結構存在區域供需不平衡，使系統在面對地緣政治不確定性時的緩衝能力較為受限。另一方面，日本在災後的政策調整中，逐步發展出以「經濟安全」為考量的治理模式。透過電網市場化、在符合安全標準下重啟核電，以及建立「戰略緩衝天然氣（SBL）」機制，日本在平衡短期社會共識與價格波動的同時，著重於建立長期的基礎設施韌性。本研究建議，面對地緣政治變數與半導體等關鍵產業的剛性用電需求，臺灣的能源治理可考量進行相應的調整。政府的政策角色可從協調社會期望的「緩衝者」，進一步擴展為強化基礎設施韌性的「戰略規劃者」。具體建議包括：推動分散式微電網以提升系統冗餘、優化價格機制以適度反映真實能源成本，並將決策焦點由社會價值折衝，進一步聚焦於整體的國家經濟安全與長期系統韌性。

This study employs the “4As” framework of energy security to conduct a comparative analysis of energy policy developments in Taiwan and Japan from 2011 to 2020. Despite sharing inherent geographic limitations as resource-poor island nations with isolated power grids, the two countries have pursued distinct strategic trajectories in their energy transitions following the 2011 Fukushima disaster. The findings indicate that Taiwan’s energy governance relies heavily on a “social compromise model.” Policy formulation places a premium on socio-political Acceptability, while state-owned enterprises are leveraged to absorb international fuel price fluctuations to sustain Affordability. While this approach stabilizes short-term consumer prices, it exposes the nation to underlying structural vulnerabilities regarding Availability and Accessibility. Specifically, the heavy concentration on imported liquefied natural gas (LNG), alongside regional supply and demand imbalances within the domestic grid, severely limits the system’s buffering capacity against geopolitical uncertainties. Conversely, Japan’s post-disaster policy adjustments have gradually coalesced into a governance model anchored in economic security. By liberalizing its electricity market, cautiously restarting nuclear reactors under strict safety standards, and establishing a Strategic Buffer LNG (SBL) mechanism, Japan has navigated short-term social friction and price volatility while prioritizing long-term infrastructural resilience. In light of escalating geopolitical variables and the rigid power demands of critical sectors like the semiconductor industry, this study argues that Taiwan’s energy governance requires a strategic pivot. The government must evolve its role from a “buffer” managing social expectations into a “strategic planner” dedicated to reinforcing infrastructural resilience. Concrete recommendations include deploying decentralized microgrids to enhance systemic redundancy, optimizing pricing mechanisms to more accurately reflect true energy costs, and shifting the focal point of decision-making away from social value compromises toward comprehensive national economic security and long-term systemic resilience.

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