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研究生： 胡明玉
Hu, Ming-yu
論文名稱： 國中生拼字錯誤中母音字母代換分析
An Analysis on Vowel Substitution in Spelling Errors by Junior High School Students
指導教授： 尤雪瑛
Yu, Hsueh-ying
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 外國語文學院 - 英語教學碩士在職專班
The Master of Arts in English Teaching
論文出版年： 2003
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 95
中文關鍵詞： 拼字錯誤
外文關鍵詞： spelling error
相關次數： 點閱：239  下載：139 
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    • 國立政治大學英國語文學系在職碩士班
    碩士論文提要

    論文名稱：國中生拼音錯誤中母音字母代換分析
    指導教授：尤雪瑛
    研究生：胡明玉
    論文提要內容：
    本研究旨在探討國中生母音字母的拼字錯誤，試圖在其看似混亂，毫無根據錯誤中，尋找隱藏其中共通的原則或模式。
    本研究以實驗方式實際進行國中學生在拼字錯誤母音字母替代上表現的觀察。實驗分兩階段， 第一階段收集學生語料，探討拼字錯誤中隱藏共通的原則或模式。第二階段設計實驗，進一步印證第一階段所得的發現。
    研究結果顯示拼字錯誤和學生的發音有極大的關係。在母音字母替代的表現上，以下列四類最為顯著：（一）字母a取代其他字母；（二）字母e取代其他字母；（三）字母i取代其他字母；（四）字母o取代其他字母。其原因在於：（一）相近音的混淆，例如對舌位相近的/e/、 /Q/、 /E/產生混淆；（二）母語的影響，例如對鬆緊母音的混淆；（三）對不同系統代表符號的混淆，例如對音標和字母的混淆。
    本研究在最後一個章節提出教學之建議，及未來進一步研究可行之方向。

    ABSTRACT
    This study investigates Chinese subjects’ vowel letter substitution found in spelling errors. An empirical experiment designed in two stages is conducted to collect data from junior high school students. The first stage of experiment is to find hidden patterns behind the misspellings. Then data from the second stage serve to confirm the finding in the first stage.
    Data collected from the investigation shows that pronunciation plays a significant role in students’ spelling errors. In fact, spelling errors indicate subjects’ development in spelling ability; they are not random and groundless, and on the contrary, most of them are phonetically plausible.
    Major patterns found in vowel substitution include: (1) Substitute letter a, (2) Substitute letter e, (3) Substitute letter o, and (4) Substitute letter i. There are three main reasons for the substitution: (1) confusion of similar sounds, which may result from nearby tongue positions, (2) L1 transfer, such as the lack of awareness of tense and lax vowels, (3) confusion of different representing systems, such as the confusion of letter names and letter sounds and the confusion of alphabet forms and phonetic symbols.
    Finally, pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research are provided.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    page
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
    TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
    LIST OF TABLES v
    CHINESE ABSTRACT viii
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT ix

    CHAPTER
    1. INTRODUCTION 1
    1.1 Motivation & Goals 1
    1.2 Methodology 2
    1.3 Organization of the Thesis 3

    2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
    2.1 Spelling Errors Committed by Native Children 5
    2.2 Spelling Errors Committed by Chinese Learners 8
    2.3 Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Vowels 11
    2.4 Difficulties for Chinese Speakers with English vowels 15
    2.5 Summary 17

    3. METHODOLOGY 19
    3.1 Subject 19
    3.2 Questionnaire 20
    3.3 Vocabulary Translation Test 21
    3.4 Stage Two Experiment 24
    3.4.1 Reading Test 24
    3.4.2 Listening Tests 25
    3.4.3 Dictated Spelling Test 25
    3.4.4 The Design of the Three Tests 26

    4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 28
    4.1 Analysis of Stage One Results 28
    4.1.1 Substitute Letter “a” 30
    4.1.1.1 Letter a Replacing Letter e 30
    4.1.1.2 Letter a Replacing Letter o 31
    4.1.1.3 Letter a Replacing Letter u 32
    4.1.1.4 Letter a Replacing Digraph ea 32
    4.1.1.5 Letter a Replacing Letter i 33
    4.1.2 Substitute Letter “e” 33
    4.1.2.1 Letter e Replacing Letter a/a-e 34
    4.1.2.2 Letter e Replacing Digraph ea 35
    4.1.2.3 Letter e Replacing Letter i 36
    4.1.3 Substitute Letter “o” 37
    4.1.4 Substitute Letter “i” 38
    4.1.4.1 Letter i Replacing Letter e 39
    4.1.4.2 Letter i Replacing Letter a 40
    4.1.5 Findings on Stage One Experiment 40
    4.1.5.1 Confusion of Similar Sounds 41
    4.1.5.2 L1 Transfer 42
    4.1.5.3 Confusion of Different Representing Systems 42
    4.2 Analysis of Stage Two Data 43
    4.2.1 Reading Test 44
    4.2.2 Listening Test 50
    4.2.3 Spelling Test 55

    5. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION 62
    5.1 Summary 62
    5.2 Pedagogical Implications 66
    5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study 69

    APPENDIXES 71
    Appendix A Questionnaire 71
    Appendix B Vocabulary Spelling Test of Stage One 79
    Appendix C Reading Test of Stage Two 83
    Appendix D Listening Test of Stage Two 84
    Appendix E Spelling Test of Stage Two 87
    Appendix F Results of Spelling Test of Stage Two 88

    REFERENCES 92

    LIST OF TABLES

    page
    Table 2.1 English Vowels 12
    Table 2.2 Mandarin Vowels 12
    Table 2.3 Comparison of Chinese and English Vowels 14
    Table 3.1 Results of Vowel Substitution in Stage One 23
    Table 4.1 Classification of Substitution 28
    Table 4.2 Results of Vowel Substitution in Stage One 29
    Table 4.3 Substitute Letter “a” 30
    Table 4.4 Substitute Letter “e” 34
    Table 4.5 Substitute Letter “o” 37
    Table 4.6 Substitute Letter “i” 39
    Table 4.7 Error Patterns of the Six Subjects in Stage Two 44
    Table 4.8 The Result of Reading Test 1 45
    Table 4.9 The Result of Reading Test 2 46
    Table 4.10 The Result of Reading Test 3 47
    Table 4.11 The Result of Reading Test 4 48
    Table 4.12 The Result of Reading Test 5 49
    Table 4.13 The Result of Listening Test 1 51
    Table 4.14 The Result of Listening Test 2 52
    Table 4.15 The Result of Listening Test 3 53
    Table 4.16 The Result of Listening Test 4 54
    Table 4.17 The Result of Listening Test 5

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