本研究以軍事組織中跨職能團隊為研究場域，探討不同領導來源（內部晉升、橫向調任、外部晉升）對部屬認同之影響，並檢驗教練式領導與數位領導的中介效果。研究背景源自國軍自1997年起推動精簡與整併政策，歷經逾25年的組織與制度變革，基層單位逐漸出現人力斷層並形成跨職能團隊的常態。
本研究採便利抽樣，共回收有效問卷672份，研究工具包括教練式領導、數位領導及部屬認同量表，信度與效度均符合標準。分析方法使用迴歸與結構方程模型，並透過多群組結構方程模型（MGSEM）檢驗群組差異。結果顯示，領導來源顯著影響部屬認同，排序為內部晉升、橫向調任、外部晉升；內部晉升者在教練式與數位領導的知覺均顯著高於其他來源。教練式領導與數位領導皆能正向預測部屬認同，解釋近三成變異，且兩者在領導來源與部屬認同間具有顯著中介效果。
最後，領導來源不僅是人事分類，更透過領導風格轉譯為部屬認同差異。研究結果補充社會認同理論與領導類型化理論，並為軍事組織在領導任用、幹部培育及數位轉型提供實證依據。

This study investigates the impact of leadership sources (internal promotion, lateral transfer, external promotion) on subordinate identification within cross-functional teams in military organizations, and examines the mediating roles of coaching and digital leadership. Since downsizing and consolidation policies began in 1997, more than 25 years of organizational change have created manpower gaps, making cross-functional teams a common structure.
Using stratified convenience sampling, 672 valid responses were collected. Instruments included coaching leadership, digital leadership, and subordinate identification scales, all with acceptable reliability and validity. Regression and structural equation modeling (SEM), supplemented by multi-group SEM (MGSEM), were applied to test group differences. Results show that leadership source significantly affects subordinate identification, with internal promotion exerting the strongest influence, followed by lateral transfer and external promotion. Internal promotion leaders were perceived to demonstrate higher levels of coaching and digital leadership. Both leadership styles positively predicted subordinate identification, explaining nearly 30% of variance, and both mediated the relationship between leadership source and subordinate identification.
In conclusion, leadership source is not merely a personnel classification but translates into differences in subordinate identification through leadership styles. Findings enrich social identity theory and leadership typology, and provide implications for leadership assignment, cadre development, and digital transformation in military organizations.

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