| 研究生: |
王致潔 Wang, Chih-Chieh |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
中國加入WTO後與巴西貿易變動之分析 The analysis of the trade change between China and Brazil after China participated in the WTO |
| 指導教授: |
鄧中堅
Teng, Chung-Chian |
| 口試委員: |
柯玉枝
Ko, Yu-Chih 王秀琦 Wang, Hsiu-Chi |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
國際事務學院 - 外交學系 Department of Diplomacy |
| 論文出版年: | 2020 |
| 畢業學年度: | 108 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 199 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 中國 、巴西 、貿易關係 、原物料 、能源 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | China, Brazil, Trade relations, Raw materials, Energy |
| DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202000433 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:382 下載:7 |
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多年來,因為地緣及政治等因素,拉丁美洲與美國始終是從屬、不平等的關係,美國視拉丁美洲為勢力範圍,而拉丁美洲在經貿、軍事等方面皆或多或少的依賴美國。然而21世紀開始,這種經貿依賴的情況開始為中國所改變,自從中國加入WTO、融入世界經貿體系後,與拉美國家的貿易額開始節節攀升,其政策趨動及經濟崛起影響了全球政經秩序與格局,中國逐漸成為拉丁美洲重要的政治及經濟夥伴。其中,中國與巴西的貿易額上升最為顯著,且遙遙領先其他拉丁美洲國家。
中國大陸與巴西同是幅員遼闊、資源豐富並具有廣大市場的泱泱大國。中國被譽為「世界工廠」,而巴西則有「世界原料基地」之美稱,中巴經濟的高度互補性提供了經貿合作的廣大空間,此外,兩國同屬金磚五國集團(BRICS Group),長期以來開展南南合作(South-South Cooperation)並進行多領域的交流,因此巴西也是中國大陸在拉美地區立穩腳跟的關鍵。自2009年以降,中國大陸超越美國,成為巴西第一大貿易夥伴國,兩國並在2012年升級成全面戰略夥伴關係,為目前中國與拉美國家建立夥伴關係的最高層次。
本論文以探討中巴貿易概況和貿易商品結構為主,以政策、投資及貸款關係為輔,旨在宏觀並全面地認識中巴經貿關係,並從新自由主義(Neoliberalism)的研究視角分析經濟及政治兩種因素對貿易額變動之影響,探究為何中國與巴西的貿易額遠高於其他拉美國家。此外,藉由中國大陸加入WTO前後經貿概況的對比,可以更加了解這兩個階段的中巴經貿關係及政策有何異同,進一步觀察加入WTO此事件對於中巴貿易關係的影響。
研究發現由於巴西具備大量中國所需的原物料與市場,使得雙邊貿易額如此之高。究其根本,影響中巴貿易額變動的主因為中國國內的需求,而中國國內需求又受到國際景氣所牽動。雙邊貿易結構主要是中國自巴西進口初級品,向巴西出口工業製成品,且中國自巴西進口的商品高度集中,前三名為大豆、鐵礦石和石油,占中國加入WTO以來自巴西總進口的75%,就連中國投資貸款的標的都以石油為主。一方面,中國為巴西帶來大量資金,但另一方面,又使得巴西第一級產業高度依賴中國經濟發展,且面臨產業結構轉型不易之問題,使巴西對中國的心態十分矛盾。
Because of geopolitical and political factors, Latin America has been subordinated to the United States for many years. However, because of China, the situation has begun to change since the 21st century. Since China participated in the WTO and integrated into the global economic and trade system, its trade volume with Latin American countries has gradually increased and even surpassed the United States. Its policy trends and economic growth have affected this area.
Among the Latin America countries, the trade volume between China and Brazil has in-creased the most, and it is far ahead of other countries. China is known as the “world factory,” while Brazil is known as the “world raw materials base.” Brazil has abundant resources and a huge market that China needs. Therefore, Brazil is an important trade partner for China in Latin America. In 2009, China surpassed the United States as Brazil's largest trading partner. In 2012, China and Brazil upgraded their relations to the level of comprehensive strategic partnership.
This thesis mainly explores the trade relations between China and Brazil after China participated in the WTO. Besides, it introduces the investment relations and loan relations between the two countries. Afterwards, it analyzes the impacts of economic and political factors on China-Brazil trade relations from the perspective of neoliberalism.
The study found that the main reason behind China’s trade with Brazil has close relationship with Brazil’s raw materials and energy. Brazil supplies China with many raw materials. Those are exactly what China needs. On the other hand, China exports numerous manufactured goods to Brazil. The two complementary economies have a lot of space for economic and trade cooperation. Besides, China’s demand for raw materials is the main factor that makes trade volume change. Therefore, the industry structure of Brazil is deeply affected by the economy of China.
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景、動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻回顧 6
第三節 研究途徑與研究方法 15
第四節 研究架構與章節安排 19
第五節 研究範圍與研究限制 20
第六節 預期成果 22
第二章 中國與巴西對彼此的政策 23
第一節 中國與拉美具備的戰略利益 23
第二節 中國對巴西的政策 29
第三節 巴西對中國的政策 42
第四節 小結 54
第三章 中國加入WTO前與巴西的貿易關係 56
第一節 貿易概況 56
第二節 貿易商品結構分析 59
第三節 金融概況 63
第四節 中國加入WTO之過程 66
第五節 小結 68
第四章 中國加入WTO後與巴西的貿易關係 70
第一節 貿易概況 70
第二節 貿易商品結構分析 76
第三節 金融概況 84
第四節 中國加入WTO之影響 105
第五節 小結 111
第五章 影響中巴貿易關係的因素分析 113
第一節 經濟層面 113
第二節 政治層面 132
第三節 小結 156
第六章 結論 158
第一節 研究發現 158
第二節 未來研究建議 166
參考文獻 169
附錄一 中國加入WTO前,對巴西出口前十大商品統計表 193
附錄二 中國加入WTO前,自巴西進口前十大商品統計表 194
附錄三 商品類項縮寫對照表 195
附錄四 2001至2019年,中國對巴西貿易統計表 196
附錄五 2002至2018年,中國對巴西直接投資統計表 197
附錄六 2005至2019年,中國對巴西的貸款項目統計表 198
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英文部份
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專書論文
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期刊論文
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報紙
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