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研究生： 巫春慧
Wu, Chun Hui
論文名稱： 漢語多義情態動詞
Polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese
指導教授： 何萬順
Her, One Soon
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 外國語文學院 - 語言學研究所
Graduate Institute of Linguistics
論文出版年： 2009
畢業學年度： 97
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 107
中文關鍵詞： 情態動詞 、多義 、主觀化 、隱喻
外文關鍵詞： modal verbs, polysemy, subjectification, metaphorization
相關次數： 點閱：311  下載：338 
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    • 本論文試圖經由檢視過去對於漢語情態動詞的研究，找出最適合稱為「情態動詞」的十二個情態動詞，並以此為基礎建立適合漢語情態動詞的語意分類方式：主要分三大類—動力情態、義務情態、認知情態。同時也從共時與歷時的角度檢視漢語裡的五個多義情態動詞，包括會、能、要、可以、應該。研究發現這五個多義情態動詞所顯現的多義都是極度相關的。首先，五個多義情態動詞都有以上三大類的情態意義，其中又以動力情態為中心意義。此外，本研究確立多義情態動詞的發展方向與階段，由動力情態延伸出來的義務情態是透過主觀化的認知機制(Traugott 1980)，之後，由義務情態發展出來的認知情態則是由於主觀化與隱喻(Sweetser 1990)的運作。最後，本文也探討了情態與句法的互動關係。

    The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship among polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese (hui4, neng2, yao4, ke3yi3, ying1gai1). It is found that the multiple modal senses encoded in the five polysemous modal verbs are closely-related. Through a careful examination on both synchronic and diachronic data of the five polysemous modal verbs, it is suggested that each of them exhibit three major modality types, including dynamic (ability, volition), deontic (directive, commissive), and epistemic (judgmental) modalities. At Stage I of the path of development, dynamic modality, as the core meaning of polysemous modal verbs, is extended to deontic modality through the cognitively-driven mechanism—subjectification, which is proposed by Traugott (1989). Then, epistemic modality is developed from deontic modality at Stage II through both subjectification and metaphorization (Sweetser 1990). After determining the direction and stages of the development path of the five polysemous modal verbs, a feature-based classification for modality types of Chinese modal verbs is provided in order to incorporate the differences and similarities among the three modality types (dynamic, deontic, and epistemic modalities). Finally, the interaction between modalities and other syntactic elements (predicates and arguments) is discussed with examples.

    Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….V
    Chinese Abstract…………………………………………………………………..XII
    English Abstract………………………………………………………………….XIII
    List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………….IX
    List of Tables………………………………………………………………………...X
    List of Figures………………………………………………………………………XI

    Chapter
    1. Introduction
    1.1 The Notion of Modality…………………………………………………..1
    1.2 Modal Verbs in Mandarin Chinese……………………………………...2
    1.3 Motivation and Purpose………………………………………………...10
    1.4 The Data…………………………………………………………………11
    1.5 Organization of the Thesis……………………………………………...12

    2. Literature Review
    2.1 General Classification of Modality………………………………….....13
    2.1.1 Twofold Classification—Cook (1978)……………………………13
    2.1.2 Threefold Classification
    —Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca (1994)…………………………...15
    2.1.3 Fourfold Classification—Palmer (2001)…………………………16
    2.1.4 Some Remarks on General Classification of Modality…………18
    2.2 Classification of Chinese modality……………………………………..18
    2.2.1 Semantic Classification…………………………………………...19
    2.2.1.1 Huang Yu-Chun (1999)…………………………………...19
    2.2.1.2 Hsieh Chia-Ling (2002, 2005, 2006)……………………...20
    2.2.2 Syntactic Classification…………………………………………...22
    2.2.2.1 Tang & Tang (1997)…………………………………….....22
    2.2.2.2 Tang Ting-Chi (2000)……………………………………..22
    2.2.2.3 Lin & Tang (1995)………………………………………...23
    2.2.3 Remarks on Classification of Chinese Modality………………..25
    2.3 Classification of Chinese Modal Verbs………………………………...31

    3. The Analysis of Polysemous Modal Verbs
    3.1 Polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese……………………….35
    3.1.1 hui4 會…………………………………………………………….35
    3.1.2 neng2 能…………………………………………………………...37
    3.1.3 yao4 要…………………………………………………………….39
    3.1.4 ke3yi3 可以………………………………………………………..42
    3.1.5 ying1gai1 應該…………………………………………………….45
    3.2 The Development Path of Polysemous Modal Verbs………………….46
    3.3 Diachronic Development of hui4會, neng2 能, and yao4 要………...49
    3.3.1 hui4會……………………………………………………………...50
    3.3.2 neng2 能…………………………………………………………...54
    3.3.3 yao4 要…………………………………………………………….56
    3.3.4 Concluding Remarks on the Diachronic Development of
    Polysemous Modal Verbs………………………………………....58
    3.4 Mechanisms Underlying the Path of Development…………………...59
    3.4.1 Traugoot’s Subjectification (1989)……………………………….59
    3.4.2 Sweetser’s Metaphorization (1990)………………………………61
    3.4.3 An Integrated Proposal for the Mechanisms Underlying the Path of Development…………………………………………………….62
    3.5 Feature-based Classification for Modalities…………………………..69

    4. The Interaction of Modality and Other Syntactic Elements
    4.1 Previous Study…………………………………………………………..74
    4.2 Further Examination on the Five Polysemous Modal Verbs…………78
    4.2.1 The Interaction of Modality and Predicate……………………...79
    4.2.1.1 Main Verbs with Situation Types………………………...79
    4.2.1.2 Aspects……………………………………………………..81
    4.2.2 The Interaction of Modality and Argument……………………..84
    4.2.2.1 Animacy of Subject………………………………………..84
    4.2.2.2 Definiteness of Subject and Object………………………85
    4.3 Concluding Remarks……………………………………………………87

    5. Conclusion
    5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………...89
    5.2 Limits of the Present Study……………………………………………..90
    5.3 Further Research………………………………………………………..91
    References…………………………………………………………………………...93

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