近年來，孩子於家庭中承擔過度照顧責任的現象受到廣泛關注，多數研究聚焦於親職化或對個體的負向影響，然而家庭照顧經驗未必僅具負面效果，其亦可能與利社會行為等正向適應有關；且在華人孝道文化脈絡下，孝道信念可能形塑個體如何詮釋與回應家庭照顧責任，進而影響此經驗與利社會行為之關聯。本研究旨在探討：（一）家庭照顧經驗（功能性照顧、情感性照顧）與利社會行為（公開型、情緒型、緊急型、順從型、匿名型）之關聯性；（二）雙元孝道信念（權威性孝道、相互性孝道）是否調節上述關聯。
本研究以臺灣18至20歲、就讀大一與大二之大學生為研究對象，採便利抽樣與滾雪球抽樣，透過線上自陳式問卷蒐集資料，最終取得538份有效樣本。研究工具包括家庭照顧經驗量表、利社會行為量表與雙元孝道量表；資料分析先以驗證性因素分析檢驗利社會行為量表之因素結構，再以Pearson積差相關與階層迴歸分析檢驗研究問題一，並以納入交互作用項之階層迴歸及簡單斜率分析檢驗研究問題二，並採HC3穩健標準誤以提升結果之嚴謹性。
研究結果顯示：（一）功能性照顧與情感性照顧均與多數利社會行為呈正向關聯，惟當兩者同時納入迴歸模型後，僅情感性照顧仍具顯著預測力，功能性照顧之獨立效果消失；（二）雙元孝道之調節效果並不一致，相互性孝道未展現顯著調節效果，權威性孝道則顯著強化功能性照顧與情感性照顧對順從型利社會行為之關聯，亦強化情感性照顧與情緒型利社會行為之關聯。
本研究結果一方面呼應照顧行為屬於「連續性光譜」之觀點，顯示日常情感性家庭照顧經驗可能是培養利社會行為的正向資源，而非僅止於負向風險因子；另一方面亦提供權威性孝道於臺灣大學生族群中具正向調節效果之新證據，有別於過去多將權威性孝道與利社會行為視為負向關聯之研究發現。文末就研究限制與未來研究方向提出建議。

In recent years, growing attention has been paid to children and adolescents who take on excessive caregiving responsibilities within the family. Most research on parentification has emphasized its negative consequences; however, family caregiving experiences are not necessarily maladaptive and may also be linked to positive outcomes such as prosocial behavior. Within the Chinese cultural context, filial piety beliefs may shape how individuals interpret and respond to caregiving responsibilities, thereby influencing the relationship between caregiving experiences and prosocial behavior. This study aimed to (1) examine the relationship between family caregiving experiences (instrumental caregiving and emotional caregiving) and five types of prosocial behavior (public, emotional, dire, compliant, and anonymous), and (2) test whether dual filial piety beliefs (authoritarian filial piety and reciprocal filial piety) moderate this relationship.
Participants were 18- to 20-year-old first- and second-year university students in Taiwan, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Data were collected via a self-report online survey, yielding 538 valid responses. Measures included scales of family caregiving experience, prosocial behavior, and dual filial piety. Confirmatory factor analysis was first conducted to examine the factor structure of the prosocial behavior scale. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression were used to address Research Question 1, while hierarchical regression with interaction terms and simple slope analysis were used to address Research Question 2; HC3 robust standard errors were applied throughout.
Results showed that (1) both instrumental and emotional caregiving were positively associated with most types of prosocial behavior, but when both were entered into the regression model simultaneously, only emotional caregiving remained a significant predictor; (2) the moderating effects of dual filial piety were inconsistent — reciprocal filial piety showed no significant moderating effect, whereas authoritarian filial piety significantly strengthened the associations between both instrumental and emotional caregiving and compliant prosocial behavior, as well as between emotional caregiving and emotional prosocial behavior.
These findings support the view of caregiving as existing along a continuum rather than being inherently pathological, suggesting that everyday emotional caregiving experiences may serve as a positive resource for developing prosocial behavior rather than solely a risk factor. The findings also provide new evidence that authoritarian filial piety can play a positive moderating role among Taiwanese university students, contrasting with prior studies that have generally linked authoritarian filial piety to negative outcomes. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

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