隨著我國全面推行募兵制並強化部隊戰備常態，基層官士兵在長期承擔繁重任務與高工時的情況下，如何在維持戰力的同時穩定人力並提升工作滿意度，已成為部隊管理亟需面對的核心議題。本研究以陸軍北部某機械化步兵旅志願役官士兵為研究對象，旨在瞭解個人工作配適度、個人組織配適度與工作壓力對工作滿意度的影響，並進一步探討社會支持（包含上級支持、同儕支持與家庭支持）是否會改變上述關係。本研究採紙本問卷調查方式，並以分層隨機抽樣蒐集資料，共取得370份有效樣本。後續運用描述性統計、相關分析及階層迴歸等方法，檢視各變項之間的多元關聯。
研究結果指出，個人工作配適度與個人組織配適度皆能提升工作滿意度，其中又以個人組織配適度的影響力最為明顯。相較之下，工作壓力則會降低工作滿意度。調節效果方面，單一路徑模型顯示部分交互作用達顯著，但在提高控制強度、將交互作用同時納入完整模型後，顯著效果集中於少數路徑：同儕支持主要強化「個人組織配適度—工作滿意度」之正向關係；上級支持與家庭支持則主要出現在「工作壓力—工作滿意度」路徑，且呈負向交互作用，顯示在支持較高情境下，工作壓力對工作滿意度的不利影響可能更為明顯。綜合而言，本研究顯示「配適度」與「工作壓力」仍是解釋工作滿意度的核心因素，而社會支持的作用具有來源別與路徑別差異；實務上除應將配適納入人力管理與職務配置外，亦需提升支持的「品質與對應性」，特別是在高負荷情境下，僅有精神性關懷未必能轉化為實質減負，仍需搭配資源與制度面的配套，方能穩定官兵之工作態度與留營意願。

With the nationwide implementation of the all-volunteer force and the increasing normalization of combat readiness, enlisted personnel and junior officers are required to sustain heavy workloads and long duty hours over extended periods. Under such circumstances, how to maintain operational capability while stabilizing manpower and enhancing job satisfaction has become a critical challenge for military management. This study focuses on volunteer soldiers and NCOs serving in a mechanized infantry brigade in northern Taiwan, aiming to examine how person–job fit, person–organization fit, and job stress influence job satisfaction. In addition, the study investigates whether social support—including supervisor support, peer support, and family support—moderates these relationships.A paper-based survey was administered using stratified random sampling, yielding 370 valid responses. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression models were employed to analyze the multidimensional associations among the variables.
The results indicate that both person–job fit and person–organization fit positively contribute to job satisfaction, with the latter demonstrating a stronger effect. In contrast, job stress reduces job satisfaction. Regarding moderating effects, the single-path models showed significant interactions in some relationships; however, after increasing the level of control and entering multiple interaction terms simultaneously in the full model, significant effects were concentrated in a limited number of pathways. Specifically, peer support mainly strengthened the positive relationship between person–organization fit and job satisfaction, whereas supervisor support and family support primarily emerged in the job stress–job satisfaction pathway and displayed negative interactions, suggesting that under higher levels of support, the detrimental effect of job stress on job satisfaction may become more pronounced.Overall, the findings suggest that fit perceptions and job stress remain the core factors explaining job satisfaction, while the moderating role of social support varies by source and by pathway. Practically, beyond incorporating fit considerations into personnel management and job assignment processes, it is also necessary to improve the quality of support and its alignment with personnel needs. In high-load contexts in particular, emotional concern alone may not translate into tangible workload reduction; resource- and policy-based arrangements are still required to stabilize job attitudes and retention intentions among professional military personnel.

一、 中文文獻
王詠萱（2021）。陸軍志願役官兵工作壓力、工作績效與留營意願之研究-以成功嶺為例。嶺東科技大學企業管理系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，臺中。
王士瑋（2014）。空軍志願役後勤人員留職意願影響因素之研究。長榮大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，臺南。
王東寶、黃柏文（2018）。國軍志願役士官工作壓力、工作倦怠與離職傾向關係之研究－以海軍預算財務士為例。國防管理學報，39（2），17-31。
王俊明（1999）。問卷與量表的編製及分析方法。體育測驗與評價(139-158)。臺北市：中華民國體育學會。
王英仁（2020）。壓力因應能力、薪資福利與工作滿意度對國軍人員留營意願影響之研究－以陸軍某單位為例。健行科技大學資訊管理系碩士論文，未出版，桃園。
牛明山、李政倫、劉憲明（2023）。國軍人才招募政策導入需求理論創造持續性發展之研究。國防管理學報，44（2），63-83。
內政部（2024）。臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫－第八期第四次調查計畫執行報告。中研院社會學研究所。
內政部（2021）。人口統計資料，2021年1月8日，取自：https：//www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346
汪美伶、陳玉蓮（2014）。工作壓力對身心健康之影響－社會支持之調節作用。東吳經濟商學學報，（86），61-91。
吳奕宏（2014）。國軍人員個人組織契合度與晉升之研究。嶺東科技大學國際企業系碩士論文，未出版，臺中。
李幸鎧（2021）。知覺風險、工作滿意度、轉換型領導、組織認同與國軍人留營意願關係之研究。聯大學報，16（2），143-157。
林育宗（2019）。工作壓力對身心健康之影響—社會支持之調節作用。義守大學管理學院管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
林禮權（2020）。陸軍官兵組織信任、生活照顧與留營意願之研究。嶺東科技大學企業管理系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，臺中。
林峻億（2021）。操作人員職業傷害，工作倦怠與工作滿意度研究－以南部某軍事工廠為例。義守大學工業管理學系學位論文，未出版，高雄。
林一信（2021）。個人工作適配、個人組織適配、組織認同對工作投入之影響-以南部某軍事工廠為例。義守大學工業管理學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
林振洲（2025）。國軍部隊志願役在個人組織契合、工作調適與工作滿意度之研究。義守大學工業管理學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
卓鴻珺（2021）。個人與工作適配度對工作雕琢，工作熱情與顧客導向行為之影響-以運動品牌專賣店銷售人員為對象。淡江大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，新北。
施蕙華、曾麗娟（2003）。工作壓力感受，社會支持，工作滿意與離職傾向之關連性研究─以職業軍官為例。復興崗學報，（79），37-53。
施惠文（2005）。工作壓力、社會支持與工作績效之相關研究-以高雄市政府員工為例。國立中山大學碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
洪瑋辰（2025）。國軍個人工作投入與工作滿意度之關係-以工作適配為中介變項。臺北大學碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，臺北。
徐傑龍（2021）。國軍人員工作滿意度、社會支持與留營意願之研究。嶺東科技大學企業管理系高階經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，臺中。
陳忠情（2010）。生涯承諾、工作壓力、社會支持對組織承諾影響之研究-以某特勤組織為例。淡江大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，新北。
陳展樑（2020）。國軍學習適應、個人工作適配度、公共服務動機對留任意願影響之研究：以大學儲備軍官訓練團為例。國立政治大學社會科學院行政管理碩士學程碩士論文，未出版，臺北。
陳富強、方顯光、張幼華（2007）。應用智慧資本觀點於軍事教育指標之研究－以國防大學為例。績效與策略研究，4（3），77-91。
陳龍、徐敏耕、徐宗福（2013）。醫療資訊人員工作投入，工作壓力及工作滿意度之探討。醫務管理期刊，14（2）。107-127。
孫妃君（2020）。國軍志願役士官快樂嗎？個人組織契合度對主觀幸福感的影響─以資源支持為調節效果。嶺東科技大學企業管理系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，臺中。
高鳳霞、鄭伯壎（2014）。職場工作壓力:回顧與展望。人力資源管理學報，14（1），77-101。
許祐嘉（2020）。工作壓力、工作滿意度、離職傾向之關聯性文獻回顧。科技與人力教育季刊，7（2），64-78。
張東燁（2020）。個人工作不適配對國軍幸福感與留任意願之影響：企業社會責任之中介效果。國防大學政治作戰學院政治研究所碩士論文，未出版，臺北。
國防部「四年期國防總檢討」編纂委員會（2025）。中華民國114年「四年期國防總檢討」。臺北：國防部。
國防部「國防報告書」編纂委員會（2023）。中華民國112年國防報告書。臺北：國防部。
梁榮輝、蘇聖珠、廖泰宏（2008）。國軍志願役士兵工作價值觀、工作滿意度及工作績效關聯性之研究。華人前瞻研究，4（2），1-23。
梁成明、羅新興（2001）。國軍志願役軍官工作壓力之研究。國防管理學報，22（2），1-13。
彭康豪（2021）。年金改革後軍人心理契約對工作滿意度與離職傾向影響之研究。義守大學公共政策與管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
湯雅雯（2021）。志願役士官工作滿意度與留營意願之研究。嶺東科技大學企業管理系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，臺中。
黃明一、胡語溱、陳棟樑（2018）。軍公教人員之逆境商數、社會支持、工作壓力與身心健康關係之研究。管理資訊計算，7（S2），96-106。
董祥開、張鎧如、陳敦源、陳揚中（2021）。「合得來」重要嗎？公務人員個人組織配適度對工作滿意度之影響。社會科學論叢，15（1），45-84。
董祥開、高于涵（2020）。雙盲約會?國考分發制度下的工作契合與分發滿意度研究。國家菁英季刊，13（1），21-51。
趙智玉（2009）。特勤人員的情緒勞務負荷、情緒耗竭對工作滿意度影響之研究。銘傳大學管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，桃園。
潘師文（2018）。國軍緊急救護技術員職場壓力與倦怠關係之研究。義守大學管理學院管理碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
 
二、 英文文獻
Bauer, T. N., & Green, S. G. (1996). Development of leader-member exchange: A longitudinal test. Academy of Management Journal, 39(6), 1538-1567.
Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review 1. Personnel Psychology, 31(4), 665-699.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
Britt, T. W., Stetz, M. C., & Bliese, P. D. (2004). Work-relevant values strengthen the stressor-strain relation in elite army units. Military Psychology, 16(1), 1-17.
Bremner, N. L., & Goldenberg, I. (2015). Leadership, perceived organizational support, and organizational commitment in the Canadian armed forces: the mediating role of person-organization fit. Turkish Journal of Sociology, 3(31), 145-168.
Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 953.
Brayfield, A. H., & Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), 307.
Caplan, G. (1974). Support systems and community mental health: Lectures on concept development. New York: Behavioral publications.
Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875-884.
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300-314.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
Congard, A., Delicourt, A., Dauvier, B., & Gros, F. (2022). Personality trait and subjective work experience fit (P-SWE fit) as an explanation for voluntary turnover. Military Psychology, 34(1), 68-82.
Chi, N. W., & Pan, S. Y. (2012). A multilevel investigation of missing links between transformational leadership and task performance: The mediating roles of perceived person-job fit and person-organization fit. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27, 43-56.
Cassel, J. (1976). The contribution of the social environment to host resistance: the Fourth Wade Hampton Frost Lecture. American Journal of Epidemiology, 104(2), 107-123.
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 3-14.
Chatman, J. A. (1989). Improving interactional organizational research: A model of person-organization fit. Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 333-349.
Chuang, A., Shen, C. T., & Judge, T. A. (2016). Development of a Multidimensional Instrument of Person-Environment F it: The Perceived Person-Environment F it S cale (PPEFS). Applied Psychology, 65(1), 66-98.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512.
Demir, M., Demir, S. S., & Nield, K. (2015). The relationship between person-organization fit, organizational identification and work outcomes. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 16(2), 369-386.
Deelstra, J. T., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B., Stroebe, W., Zijlstra, F. R., & Van Doornen, L. P. (2003). Receiving instrumental support at work: when help is not welcome. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 324.
Earnhardt, M. P. (2014). Romans 12 motivational gifts in the military: An exploration of person-job fit, job performance, and job satisfaction. Journal of Biblical Integration in Business, 17(1), 59-72.
Edwards, J. R. (1991). Person-job fit: A conceptual integration, literature review, and methodological critique. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London: SAGE
French Jr, J. R., & Kahn, R. L. (1962). A programmatic approach to studying the industrial environment and mental health. Journal of Social Issues, 18(3),1-47.
Figueroa-Torres, M., Jordan, J., & Kirchner, M. J. (2025). Application of person-organization fit to military veterans. Organization Management Journal, 22(2), 126-138.
Gargallo Castel, A. F.,, Marzo Navarro, M. (2024). Job satisfaction in the armed forces: Differences among ranks. Economics and Sociology, 17(1), 36-48.
Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Proceedings of the 2003 Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, Columbus, OH.
Gleason, M. E., Iida, M., Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2008). Receiving support as a mixed blessing: evidence for dual effects of support on psychological outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(5), 824.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York: Harper Brothers.
House, J. S. (1983). Work stress and social support. Boston: Addison-Wesley series on occupational stress.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159.
Ivancevich, J. M., Matteson, M. T., & Konopaske, R. (1990). Organizational behavior and management. Columbus: McGraw Hill's
Ippolito, J., Adler, A. B., Thomas, J. L., Litz, B. T., & Hölzl, R. (2005). Extending and applying the demand-control model: the role of soldier's coping on a peacekeeping deployment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 452.
Judge, T. A. (1994). Person-organization fit and the theory of work adjustment: Implications for satisfaction, tenure, and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44(1), 32-54.
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: the role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17.
Jex, S. M. (1998). Stress and job performance: Theory, research, and implications for managerial practice. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Kristof‐Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences OF INDIVIDUALS'FIT at work: A meta‐analysis OF person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342.
Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person‐organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(1), 1-49.
Karasek Jr, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285-308.
Kickul, J., & Posig, M. (2001). Supervisory emotional support and burnout: An explanation of reverse buffering effects. Journal of Managerial Issues,13(3),328-344.
Lakey, B., & Cohen, S. (2000). Social support theory and measurement. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 29-52). New York: Oxford University Press.
Lewin, K. (1936). A dynamic theory of personality: Selected papers. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 84(5), 612-613.
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction?. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer publishing company.
Muchinsky, P. M., & Monahan, C. J. (1987). What is person-environment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31(3), 268-277.
Odo, V. O., Ujoatuonu, I. V., Ike, O. O., Kanu, G. C., Okafor, C. O., & Chinweze, U. C. (2021). Job characteristics, day-to-day experiences, and military career adaptation: moderating role by person-job-fit. Trends in Psychology, 1-17.
Pflanz, S., & Sonnek, S. (2002). Work stress in the military: prevalence, causes, and relationship to emotional health. Military Medicine, 167(11), 877-882.
Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 121-139.
Reber, A. S. (1995). The Penguin dictionary of psychology (2nd ed.). England: Penguin Books.
Sanchez, R. P., Bray, R. M., Vincus, A. A., & Bann, C. M. (2004). Predictors of job satisfaction among active duty and reserve/guard personnel in the US military. Military Psychology, 16(1), 19-35.
Scroggins, W. A. (2003). Selection, meaningful work and employee retention: A self-concept based approach to person-job fit. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM.
Seong, J. Y., Kristof-Brown, A. L., Park, W. W., Hong, D. S., & Shin, Y. (2015). Person-group fit: Diversity antecedents, proximal outcomes, and performance at the group level. Journal of Management, 41(4), 1184-1213.
Swindle Jr, R. W. (1983). An experimental evaluation of the social support buffering hypothesis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
Sørlie, H. O., Hetland, J., Dysvik, A., Fosse, T. H., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2020). Person-Organization Fit in a military selection context. Military Psychology, 32(3), 237-246.
Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763-1768.
Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., & Pierce, G. R. (1990). Social support: The search for theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 133-147.
Thoits, P.A. (1985). Social Support and Psychological Well-Being: Theoretical Possibilities. In: Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R. (Eds) Social support: theory, research and applications(pp. 51-72). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Tucker, M. K., Jimmieson, N. L., & Bordia, P. (2018). Supervisor support as a double-edged sword: Supervisor emotion management accounts for the buffering and reverse-buffering effects of supervisor support. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(1), 14.
Valor-Segura, I., Navarro-Carrillo, G., Extremera, N., Lozano, L. M., García-Guiu, C., Roldán-Bravo, M. I., & Ruiz-Moreno, A. (2020). Predicting job satisfaction in military organizations: Unpacking the relationship between emotional intelligence, teamwork communication, and job attitudes in Spanish military cadets. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 875.
Verquer, M. L., Beehr, T. A., & Wagner, S. H. (2003). A meta-analysis of relations between person-organization fit and work attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 473-489.
Wu, M. J., Zhao, K., & Fils-Aime, F. (2022). Response rates of online surveys in published research: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 7, 100206
Österberg, J., & Rydstedt, L. (2018). Job satisfaction among Swedish soldiers: Applying the job characteristics model to newly recruited military personnel. Military Psychology, 30(4), 302-310.