本研究旨在探討韓語與中文因果關係表達之間的對應關係，核心焦點置於建立兩國語言因果關係表現的「語義資質對應」。研究以韓語高頻的三個因果關係表現「-아서/어서」、「-(으)니까」、「-기 때문에」為中心，透過語義資質分析法（Componential Analysis），系統性剖析其與中文因果句型間的跨語言語義資質對應。
在韓語因果表達的語義資質剖析中，三者共同具備基礎的「契機性」。在此基礎上，「-아서/어서」具備「順序性」與「必然性」，其語義資質表現為資訊焦點集中於原因節，帶有「新資訊性」與時間上的「逆序性」或「問候慣用性」。「-(으)니까」則具備「背景性」與「根據性」，常在特定語境衍生出「發現性」；其資訊結構具備「舊資訊性」，焦點落在結果子句，並具備突出的「施行意志結合性」。「-기 때문에」則強調強烈的「必然性」，其焦點位於原因子句並具備「新資訊性」，常用於客觀陳述而具備較高「格式性」。
中文因果表達構造上依賴詞序與標記呈現，語義資質上則共同具備「順序性」與「推理可能性」。無標記因果句遵循自然語序，具備「結果焦點」與「舊資訊性」，可結合施行意志。「因為⋯⋯所以⋯⋯」的焦點隨語境游移，平述時在結果，答問時在原因並具新資訊性。「由於⋯⋯開此/因而⋯⋯」具備強烈原因焦點與書面語的「格式性」，無法結合遂行意志。「既然⋯⋯就⋯⋯」以已發前提為基礎，具備「舊資訊性」與「背景性/根據性」，焦點在結果並可結合施行意志。此外，「為」具備原因或目的之逆序性，而結構助詞「地」與「得」則分別展現出「原因焦點」與「結果焦點」的語義資質。
基於上述特徵，本研究建立了一套韓中因果關係的語義資質映射系統。在「-아서/어서」的映射中，為對應其原因焦點與新資訊性，中文常對應為單獨使用「因為⋯⋯」或強烈原因焦點的「之所以⋯⋯是因為⋯⋯」；情感語境下映射至「因為⋯⋯而⋯⋯」或「形容詞+地+動詞」，目的語境下則對應至具備逆序性的「為了⋯⋯」。在「-(으)니까」的映射中，平述時對應至無標記句或「所以⋯⋯」；具備根據性時映射至「既然⋯⋯就⋯⋯」或在結果處加情態詞「應該」；具備發現性時則映射至「這麼看來⋯⋯」或「才發現」；若為帶有說話者意志或推測的「-을 테니까」，則依人稱精確加入「會/要」或「應該/大概」等情態詞。至於「-기 때문에」，為體現其必然性與格式性，高度映射至中文書面語「由於⋯⋯因此/因而⋯⋯」；若僅出現原因子句，則精確對應至「之所以⋯⋯是因為⋯⋯」。
總結而論，本研究建構的韓．中因果關係表現對應目錄跳脫了單純的表層翻譯框架。透過對資訊焦點、背景性、必然性等語義資質的精細拆解，界定了韓語三大基礎因果表達在不同語境下對應的中文句型。並祈此研究能為韓語教育及跨語言對照提供具體基準。

This study aims to investigate the correspondence between Korean and Chinese causal expressions, with its core focus placed on establishing a "semantic feature correspondence" for causal representations in both languages. Centered on three high-frequency Korean causal expressions—"-아서/어서", "-(으)니까", and "-기 때문에"—this study systematically analyzes their cross-linguistic semantic feature correspondences with Chinese causal sentence patterns through Componential Analysis.
In the semantic feature analysis of Korean causal expressions, all three share a foundational "triggering property." On this basis, "-아서/어서" possesses "sequentiality" and "necessity," and its semantic feature manifests as an information focus concentrated on the causal clause, carrying a "new-information property" along with temporal "inverse ordering" or "greeting idiomaticity." "-(으)니까" possesses "backgroundness" and "grounding," often deriving a "discovery property" in specific contexts; its information structure bears a "given-information property," with the focus falling on the result clause, and it exhibits a prominent "compatibility with volitional execution." "-기 때문에" emphasizes a strong sense of "necessity," with its focus located in the causal clause and carrying a "new-information property," and it is commonly used for objective statements, thereby possessing a higher degree of "formality."
Structurally, Chinese causal expressions rely on word order and markers for presentation, while semantically sharing "sequentiality" and "inferability." Unmarked causal sentences follow natural word order, possessing a "result focus" and "given-information property," and can be combined with volitional execution. The focus of "因為……所以……" shifts with the context; it rests on the result in plain narratives, but shifts to the cause and carries a new-information property when answering questions. "由於……因此/因而……" possesses a strong causal focus and the "formality" of written language, making it incompatible with volitional execution. "既然……就……" is based on an already established premise, possessing a "given-information property" and "backgroundness/grounding," with the focus on the result and compatibility with volitional execution. Additionally, "為" possesses an inverse order of cause or purpose, while the structural particles "地" and "得" exhibit the semantic features of "causal focus" and "result focus," respectively.
Based on the aforementioned characteristics, this study establishes a semantic feature mapping system for Korean-Chinese causal relations. In the mapping for "-아서/어서", to correspond with its causal focus and new-information property, Chinese often corresponds to the standalone use of "因為……" or the strong causal focus of "之所以……是因為……"; under emotional contexts, it maps to "因為……而……" or "Adjective + 地 + Verb," while under purposive contexts, it corresponds to "為了……," which possesses inverse ordering. In the mapping for "-(으)니까", it corresponds to unmarked sentences or "所以……" in plain narratives; when possessing grounding properties, it maps to "既然……就……" or adds the modal verb "應該" at the result clause; when possessing a discovery property, it maps to "這麼看來……" or "才發現"; if it features the speaker's volition or speculation as in "- 을 테니까", modal verbs such as "會/要" or "應該/大概" are precisely added depending on the grammatical person. As for "-기 때문에", to reflect its necessity and formality, it is highly mapped to the written Chinese "由於……因此/因而……"; if only the causal clause appears, it precisely corresponds to "之所以……是因為……."
In conclusion, the inventory of correspondences for Korean-Chinese causal expressions constructed in this study transcends the framework of mere surface-level translation. Through the fine-grained deconstruction of semantic features such as information focus, backgroundness, and necessity, it defines the corresponding Chinese sentence patterns for the three fundamental Korean causal expressions across different contexts, and hopes that this study can provide concrete benchmarks for Korean language education and cross-linguistic contrastive studies.

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