| 研究生: |
許明珠 |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
臺灣地區四年級學童敘述文凝結詞之分析 Cohesive devices in narrative writing of fourth-grade children in Taiwan |
| 指導教授: | 李靜桂 |
| 學位類別: |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱: |
外國語文學院 - 英國語文學系 Department of English |
| 論文出版年: | 1991 |
| 畢業學年度: | 79 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 177 |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:120 下載:0 |
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ABSTRACT
The present study investigates fourth-grade children’s use of
Cohesive devices in their narrative writing. Previous studies on
Cohesion, cohesive devices in Chinese and children’s concept of .
Cohesion will be reviewed and discussed. Also, prior investigations
Concerning the difference between spoken language and written .
language will be examined to see whether the features of spoken
Language affect the use of cohesive devices in children’s writing.
A working model mainly based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976)
Cohesion model is then established to examine children’s planned
Written discourse. There are seven major types of cohesive devices
In this model: reference t conj unction t lexical cohesion.
Substituion, ellipsis, CP, and others.
Finally, a general pattern of children’s cohesive devices in
Their writing will be explored. Generally speaking, children’s
Narrative writing is marked by the three most-frequent types of
Cohesive devices: reference, lexical cohesion and conjunction;
While, substitution and ellipsis occur least frequently. The thesis
Will be concluded with some implications and suggestions that are
Drawn from the present study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………..i
ABSTRACT …………..iii
LIST OF TABLES …………..vii
CHAPTERS
I INTRODUCTION …………..1
1.1 Motivation …………..1
1.2 Definition of Cohesion…………..3
1:3 Basic Assumptions…………..6
1.4 Research Questions …….. 7
1.5 Organization of the study…………..8
Notes…………..11
II LITERATURE REVIEW…………..13
2.1 Cohesion vs. Coherence…………..13
2.1.1 Grimes’ Model (1975) …………..14
2.1.2 Halliday and Hasan’s Model (1976) …………..15
2.1.3 Beaugrande and Dressler’s Model (1981) …………..21
2.1.4 Critique of Cohesion Models…………..23
2.2 Cohesion in Chinese…………..26
2.2.1 Some Characteristics in Chinese…………..26
2.2.2 Previous Studies Concerning Chinese Cohesion…………..29
2.3 Children’s Concept of Cohesion…………..33
2.3.1 Previous studies Concerning Children’s Use of Cohesive Devices …………..34
2.3.2 Difficulties in Identifying Children’s Use of Cohesive Devices…………..38
2.4 Spoken vs. Written Language…………..40
Notes…………..46
III METHODOLOGY AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK…………..48
3.1 The Proposed Category …………..48
3.1.1 Considerations in Designing the Proposed Category………….. 49
3.1.2 A Working Model of Children’s Planned, Written Discourse …………..50
3.2 The Control and Gathering of Data…………..54
3.2.1 The Data Gathering…………..54
3.2.2 Control Over the Data…………..55
3.2.2.1 The Subjects…………..55
3.2.2.2 Topic and Discourse Genre…………..56
3.3 The Methods Used in the Present Analysis…………..58
3.3.1 Identifying the Chunks…………..59
3.3.2 The Limited Referential Distance ……… 63
3.4 Analysis of the Material s…………..65
3.4.1 Reference…………..66
3.4.2 Conjunction…………..74
3.4.3 Lexical Cohesion…………..82
3.4.4 Substitution…………..87
3.4.5 Ellipsis…………..90
3.4.6 Other…………..94
3.4.7 Dummy…………..98
3.5 Summary…………..101
Notes…………..103
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………..108
4.1 Results…………..109
4.1.1 The General Pattern of Children’s Cohesive Devices…………..109
4.1.2 Comparisons Between High-Scored Writing and Low-Scored Writing…………..114
4.1.3 Other Determining Factors…………..118
4.2 Discussion…………..120
4.2.1 The General Pattern of Children’s Cohesive Devices…………..120
4.2.2 Cohesive Devices in Different Scores…………..125
4.2.3 Other Determining Factors in Children’s Good writing…………..132
4.2.4 Other Findings…………..135
4.2.4.1 Some Mistakes of Language Usage…………..135
4.2.4.2 The Problem of Dummy…………..141
4.3 Concluding Remarks…………..144
Notes…………..146
V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS…………..148
5.1 Cohesion Reconsidered …………..149
5.2 Some Differences Between Children’s and Adults’ Cohesive Pattern…………..151
5.3 Limitations and Difficulties of the Present Study…………..153
5.4 Implications…………..154
5.5 Suggestions…………..157
Notes…………..159
APPENDICES
I THE BASIC DATA OF THE INFORMANTS…………..160
II THE HIGHEST-SCORED TEXTS…………..161
III THE LOWEST-SCORED TEXTS…………..165
BIBLOGRAPHY…………..167
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