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民國六十八年四月，論文題目申報前不久，筆者曾晤及大學同窗彭懷恩兄，就題目選擇交換意見。均感過去汗牛充棟之國際關係論文習作，皆集中於諸如美國外交政策、中美關係、中西外交史…等方面，而鮮有以我國遷台後之外交政策為研究主題者。在懷恩兄鼓勵下，遂慨然有「此時不做，更待何時」之衝動。適張師京育剛在「國際關係專題研究中，提出「權力」與「國家利益」等槪念之探討不久，乃決定以此二槪念，來確立對我外交政策研究之角度。在初步研究計劃送交張師核可後，遂定名本研究為「中華民國的國家利益、國力與外交政策之研究」。

然而，在進行過程中，所遭困難不知凡幾。且因此一主題殊少前人之經驗可資借鑑，「孤軍奮戰」之餘，常深感挫折，而心情沮喪。其間，復因個人、因素，遂使此一計劃處於長期「欲行不進」之狀態。及今年，在張師之提醒與慰勉下，始下定決心，排除萬難，致力完成本文。

一般國際關係理論皆謂，國家利益指導外交政策，而外交政策之執行與國家利益之達成，胥賴國力之有效運用。本研究即在試圖找出我政府遷台後，國家利益、與國力之可能內涵，論述其與我國外交政策之互動關係，並提出研究心得。

本研究內分八章廿七節。第一章緒論，綜述研究目的、架構、與研究法。第二章整理國際關係著作中，有關國家利益與國力之基本槪念。第三章試圖勾繪我國國家利益與國力之可能內涵。第四章在進行我國外交政策個案研究之前，泛論我外交政策制定之一般要素。第五章舉「先鋒案」為例，辨明國家利益與國力，並述其間關係；第六章以「國際經濟政策」為例。第七章則以一假想的「核子選擇」為例；第八章是結論。

感謝張師在百忙之中，詳細為我批閱零散且無頭緒之論文初稿，提出許多批評與建議性之意見，以為改進之依據。也感謝楊所長逢泰提供有關「先鋒案」的資料，以及每一位授業恩師，在一般觀念上的啟迪與教益。

特別感謝年邁的雙親在論文寫作期間，悉心照顧牙牙學語之幼女，使我能專心致志。也感謝內子玉雪在失意、沮喪時，所給予的精神鼓勵，並協助稿件繕抄及校對。在此也謹向所有對本研究提供實質支援的同學曁友好，併申謝忱。

本論文係初次習作，且殊少前人之例可資援引，其疏漏、謬誤，乃至離題之處，想必很多。尚盼師長、同學能大力斧正，俾作繼續研討，增補潤飾之張本。

胡克難 謹識

民國七十年六月於桃園

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參考書目

一、中文部分

（一）書籍

1.王洪鈞譯，一九七七年世界國力評估―列強策略遊動演算書，台北：台灣商務印書館，民國六十七年。

2.外文部非洲司／海外技術合作委員會祕書處合編，我國與非洲國家技術合作之執行與成效，民國六十五年。

3.丘宏達主編，陳治世，陳長文，王人傑，俞寬賜合編，現代國際法，台北：三民書局股份有限公司，民國六十二年。

4.朱志宏，公共政策槪論，台北：三民書局股份有限公司，民國六十八年。

5.呂亞力，政治學方法論，台北：三民書局股份有限公司，民國六十八年。

6.洪鐮德，世界政治新論，台北：牧童出版社，民國六十六年。

7.鈕先鍾譯，核子外交，台北：黎明文化事業出版社，民國六十三年。

8.------，核子兵器與外交政策，台北：正中書局，民國六十二年。

9.彭懷恩，台灣能生存嗎？台北：長橋出版社，民國六十八年。

10.傅啟學，中國政府，台北：三民書局股份有限公司，民國五十七年。

11.鄭資約編著，南海諸島地理誌略，上海：商務印書館，民國卅六年。

12.關中，國際社會與國際關係，台北：時報文化事業有限公司，民國六十七年。

13.蔣夢麟，西潮，台北：世界書局，民國六十三年。

14.國家建設論叢，台北：中央日報，民國七十年。

（二）期刊

1.周洪本，「中非技術合作的昨日今日與明日（上）」，新時代，第七卷第六期，民國五十六年六月十五日。

2.------「中非技術合作的昨日今日與明日（下）」，新時代，第七卷第七期，民國五十六年七月十五日。

3.金神保，「我國派赴非洲農技隊員對工作環境之認識」，非洲研究，第三期，民國六十三年一月。

4.侯家駒，「剖析美匪勾結的經濟原因曁影響及我們的對策」，中國論壇，第七卷第七期，民國六十八年一月十日。

5.高碩泰，「無形國力與外交」，中國論壇，第七卷第七期。

6.華力進，「政治文化槪念在政治研究上的功能及其問題」，憲政思潮，第廿廿一期，民國六十二年一月。

（三）文件：

1.中華民國外交部，外交部聲明及公報彙編―中華民國六十年七月至六十一年六月。

2.國家、國策、國運，台北：新思潮出版社，民國六十九年。

3.蔣主席言論集，台北：中央文物供應社，民國六十七年。

（四）報紙：

1.李國鼎，「台灣地區社會經濟建設的囘顧與前瞻」，中央日報，民國七十年二月廿七日，三版。

2.沈呂巡，「我對外交工作的檢討與建議」，聯合報，民國六十八年四月四日，二版。

3.杜蘅之，「台灣經濟安全問題—分析台灣關係法有關條款」，聯合報，民國六十九年四月廿一日，二版。

4.------，「我國應有新的歐洲政策―分析由巴黎通華府的外交頻道」，中國時報，民國七十年四月廿一日，二版。

5.-------，「美國的武器外交―並向雷根政府建議四項原則」，中國時報，民國七十年五月五日，二版。

6.高希均•「從貧窮落後到繁榮進步—台灣經濟奇蹟的創造與推廣」，中國時報，民國六十八年七月卅一日，二版。

7.高英茂，「台灣怎樣為自己的安全打算」，聯合報，民國六十九年三月九日。

8.熊玠，「台灣安全與美國的政策」，聯合報，民國六十九年三月九日，五版。

9.劉師誠，「促成台灣經濟發展的無形因素」，中央日報，民國七十年四月廿八日，三版。10.中央日報，民國六十八年七月十七日，七月廿一日，七月廿五日，十二月廿六日；民國六十九年四月十九日，九月廿日；民國七十年二月廿六日，四月六日，四月廿一日，四月廿七日，四月廿九日，五月廿一日。

11.中國時報，民國六十八年八月廿五日；民國六十九年三月十二日，五月三日，九月廿一日；民國七十年二月廿八日，三月四日，五月七日，五月十四日，五月十七日。

12.聯合報，民國六十八年三月廿九日；民國六十九年四月廿日，四月廿一日，五月十一日，五月十二日，六月八日，九月七日，九月十七日；民國七十年四月廿四日，四月廿八日，五月十四日，五月十七日。

13.人民日報，一九五六年六月廿九日。

14.文滙報，一九七九年一月三日。

（五）其他：

1.行政院經濟建設委員會，我國經濟建設成果與展望，民國七十年。

2.行政院經濟建設委員會經濟研究處，中華民國台灣地區國民所得統計及分析（一九五二―一九八○），民國七十年。

3.李國鼎「一九八○年代經濟問題與展望」，民國六十八年十二月廿四日。

4.俞國華，「我國經濟建設囘顧與展望」，民國七十年一月十七日。

（六）論文：

彭懷恩，「中華民國大學生政治支持」，台北：國立台灣大學政治研究所碩士論文，民國六十七年五月。

一、西文部分

I. Books:

1. Almond, Gabriel A. and Bingham Powell, Jr., Comparative Politics-A Developmental Approach. Boston: Little, Brown, 1966

2. Barnett, A Doak China on the Eve of Communist Takeover. New York: Praeger, 1963

3. Beard, Charles A. The Idea of National Interest: An Analytical Study in American Foreign Policy. New York: Macmillan, 1934

4. Brecher, Michael The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972

5. Chace, James A World Elsewhere: The New American Foreign Policy . New York:

Seribner’s, 1973

6. Claude, Jr, Inis L. Power and International Relations. New York: Random House, 1962

7. Clough, Ralph N. Island China 台北：敦煌書局股份有限公司翻印，民國六十七年。

8. Crabb, Jr., Cecil V. American Foreign Policy in the Nuclear Age. New York: Harper & Row, 1972

9. _______, Policy-Makers and Critics: Conflicting Theories of American Foreign Policy. New

York: Praeger Publishers, 1976

10. Davies, Morton R. and Vaughan A. Lewis Models of Political Systems. London: 1971

11. Dougherty, James E. and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff7, Jr., Contending Theories of International Relations. New York: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1971

12. Dye, Thomas R. Understanding Public Policy. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1978

13. East, Maurice A., Stephen A. Salmore, and Charles F. Hermann (eds.) Why Nations

Act: Theoretical Perspectives for Comparative Foreign Policy Studies, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, Inc., 1978

14. Farrel, R. Barry (ed.). Approaches to Comparative and International Politics. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1966.

15. Fiedler, F. E. A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness. New York: McGraw Hill, 1967.

16. Foster, Richard B. James Dornan Jr., and William M. Carpenter (eds.) Strategy and Security in Northeast Asia. New York: Crane, Russak & Co., 1979.

17. Fredrich, Carl J. Man and His Government: An Empirical Theory of Politics. New York:

McGraw-Hill, 1963.

18. Furniss, Edgar S. and Richard C. Snyder An Introduction to American Foreign Policy. New York: Rinehart, 1955.

19. George, A. L. and J. L. George Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House. New York: Dover, 1964

20. Gompert, David C., Michael Mandel baum, Richard L. Garwin, and John H. Barton Nuclear

Weapons and World Politics New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1979.

21. Hangdah Chiu China and the Question of Taiwan. New York: Praeger, 1973.

22. Hellmann, Donald C. (ed.). China and Japan: A New Balance of Power. Lexington, Mass:

Lexington Books, 1976.

23. Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan. London: E. P. Dutton, 1928.

24. Hungtington, Samuel P. and Clement H. Moore (eds.). Authoritarian Politics in Modern Society: The Dynamics of Established One-Party Systems. New York: Basic Books, 1970.

25. Irish, M. and E. Frank U.S. Foreign Policy: Context, Conduct, Content. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanvich, 1975.

26. Jacobson, Harold Karan (ed.). America’s Foreign Policy. New York: Random House,1960.

27. Jacoby, Neil H. U.S. Aid to Taiwan. New York: Praeger, 1966.

28. Kennan, George F. American Diplomacy: 1900-1950. New York: New American Library, 1951.

29. Knorr, Klaus On the Use of Military Power in the Nuclear Age. Princeton: 1966.

30. Larkin, Bruce China and Africa: 1949-1970. Los Angeles: University of California Press,

1971.

31. Lasswell, Harold D. and Abraham Kaplan. Power and Society. New Haven: Yale University,

1950.

32. Lawrence, Robert and Joel Larus (eds.). Nuclear Proliferation: Phase II . Lawrence:

University of Kansus Press, 1974.

33. Lefever, Ernest Ethics and United States Foreign Policy. New York: Meridian Books. 1959. 34. Legg, Keith R. end James F. Morrison Politics and the International System: An Introduction. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

35. Lerche. Jr., Charles O. and Abdul said Concepts of International Politics. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1970.

36. Letner, H. Foreign Policy Analysis: A Comparative and Conceptual Approach. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill, 1974.

37. Mancall, Mark (ed.). Formosa Today. New York: Praeger, 1964.

38. Mitchell, Willam C. The American Polity. New York: The Free Pross, 1962.

39. Osgood, Robert E. Ideas and Self-Interest in America’s Foreing Relations. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1953,

40. Rosenau, James M. (ed.). Comparing Foreing Policies: Theories, Findings, and Methos:

New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974.

41. _______, (ed.). International Politics and Foreing Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory: 台北：馬陵出版社翻印，民國六十年。

42. _______, (ed.). The Scientific Study of Foreing Policy. New York: The Free Press, 1971.

43. Rowe, David Nelson U.S. China Policy Today, Washington D.C.:1979.

44. Seabury, Paul Power, Freedom, and Diplomacy: The Foreign Policy of the United States of America. New York: Random House, 1983.

45. Sharkansky, Ira. Public Administration: Policy-Making in Government Agencies. Chicago:

Markham, 1972.

46. Singer, J, David (ed.). Quantative International Politics. New York: The Free Press ,

1968.

47. Singer, Marshall R. Weak States in A World of Powers: The Dynamics of International Relationships. New York: The Free Press, 1972.

48. Snyder, Richard D., H.W. Bruck, and Burton Sepia, Decision-Making as An Approach to the Study of International Politics, Princeton: Princeton University, 1954.

49. Sondermann, Fred A., Willam C. Olson and David S. Mclellan (eds.). The Theory and Practice of International Relations. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1970.

50. Sprout, Harold and Margaret Man-Milieu Relationship: Hypothesis in the Context of International Politics, Princeton: Center for International Studies, 1956.

51. Sterling, Richard W. Macropolitics: International Relations in A Global Society : New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974.

52. Stoessinger, John G. The Might of Nations: World Politics in Our Time; New York:

Random House, 1965.

53. Thompson, Virginia West Africa’s Council of the Entente. Ithaca, N.J.: Cornell University Press, 1972.

54. Treadgold, Donald W. (ed). Soviet and Chinese Communism: Similarities and Differences. Seattle Unviersity of Washington Press, 1967.

55. Ward, Robert E, Japan’s Political System. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1978.

56. Wasby, Stephen L. Political Science: The Discipline and its Dimensions; New York: Scribner’s, 1970.

57. Wendzel, Robert, L. International Relations: A Policymaker Focus. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1977.

58. Whitson, Willam W. The Chinese High Command. New York: Praeger, 1973.

59. Wolfers, Arnold Discord and Collaboration. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1962.

60. Independence and After. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Information and Broacasting, 1949.

II. Periodicals:

1. Ash, Maurice A. “An Analysis of Power: with Special Reference to International Politics,” World Politics. Vol.3 No. 2 (January, 1951)

2. Baldwin, David A. “ Power Analysis and World Politics: New Trends Versus Old Tendencies,” World Politics Vol.31 No.2 (January, 1979)

3. Bellows, Thomas J. “ Taiwan’s Foreign Policy in the 1970s:A Case Study of Adaption and Viability”, Asian Survey Vol. 16 No.7 (July, 1976)

4. Bettsm Richard K, “Nuclear Proliferation and Regional Rivalry: Speculation on South Asia,” Orbis Vol. 23, No.1 (Spring, 1979)

5. Bih-jaw, Lin “ Republic of China’s Agricultural Assistance Programmes in Africa and its Political Impact, 非洲研究，第三期，民國六十三年一月。

6. Chase, John L. “ Defining the National Interest of the United States,” Journal of Politics (November, 1956)

7. Dougherty, James E. ” Nuclear Proliferation in East Asia,” Orbis, Vol. 19, No.3 (Fall, 1975)

8. Dunn, Lewis A. and Willam H. Overholt. “The Next Phase in Nuclear Proliferation Research,”Orbis, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Summer, 1976)

9. Frankel, Joseph “ National Interest: A Vindication,” International Journal. Vol. 24, No.4 (Autmn, 1969)

10. George T., Yu “ Peking versus Taipei in the World Arena: Chinese Competition in Africa,” Asian Survey, Vol.3 No. 9 ( September, 1963)

11. Halle, Louis “The Role of Force in Foreign Policy,” Social Science No, 30 (1959)

12. Jones, Stephen B. “The Power Inventory and National Strategy,” World Politics Vol.6 No.4 (July, 1954)

13 . Klatt, W. “Taiwan and Foreign Investor ,“ Pacific Affairs Vol.50. No.4 (Winter,1977-78)

14. Klein, Dana “Formosa’s Diplomatic World,” China Quarterly No.15 (July-September, 1963)

15. K.T.Li “Republic of China’s Aid to Developing Nations,” Pacific Community, Vol.1, No. 4 (July, 1970)

17.Morgonthau, Hans J, “The Mainsprings of American Foreign Policy: The National Interest vs .Moral Abstractions,” The American Political Science Review, Vol.44, No.4 (December, 1950)

18. Munro, Ann P. “Taiwan’s Objectives in Africa,” facts of publication unknown.

19. Nuechterlein, Donald E “The Concept of National Interest: A Time for New Approaches,” Orbis, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Spring, 1979)

20. Overholt, William H. “Nuclear Proliferation in Eastern Asia,” Pacific Community (October, 1976)

21. Quester, George H. “ Taiwan and Nuclear Proliferation,” Orbis, Vol.18, No. 1 (Spring 1974)

22. Samuel P.S.Ho “ Industralization in Taiwan: Recent Trends and Problems, “ Pacific Affairs, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Spring, 1975)

23. Schilling, Warner R. “The Clarification of Ends: Or, which Interest is the National?” World Politics ,VOL. 8, No.4 (July, 1956)

24. Singer, J. David “Inter-Nation Influence: A Formal Model,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 57, No. 2 (June, 1963)

25. Slawecki, Leon M.S. “The Two Chinas in Africa,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 41 No. 2 (January, 1963)

26. Sondermann, Fred A “The Concept of the National Interest,” Orbis, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Spring, 1977)

27. Thomas N. “Taiwan’s Ambiguous Destiny”, Asian Survey. VOL. 16, No. 7 (July,1976)

28. Unger, Leonard ”The Outlook for Sino-U.S. Trade,” Sino-American Relations,Vol.5, No. 2, (Summer, 1979)

29. Yager, Josrph A. “The Nuclear Policies of the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea: A Comparative Analysis,” Asian Perspectives VOL.3, No. 1, (Spring, 1979)

30. The Military Balance 1980-1981. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1980.

III. Documents:

1. George Alexander L. and Robert Keohane “ The Concept of National Interest: Uses and Limitation,” Commission of the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, Appendices, Vol. 2

2. Hua Kuo-feng “ United and Strive to Build & Modern, Powerful Socialist Country,” Documents of the First Session of the First National Congress of the People’s Republic of China. Peking: Foreign Language Press, 1978

3. Joint Committee Print 95th Congress,1st Session Prepared by the Congressional Research Service, September 23, 1977

4. Statement of Fred C. IKl’e Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, before the Submittee on the International Security and Scientific Affairs of the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, November, 5, 1975, (mimeo)

5. Truman, Harry S. Public Papers of the President of the United States: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches and Statements of the Presidents, 1950 Washington:Government Printing Office, 1965

IV. Newspapers:

1. Chicago Sun Times, Octber, 26, 1977.

2. The New York Times, September 5, 1976.

3. Washington Post, September 23, 1976.

4. _______, December 24, 1978.

V. Others:

1. Gregor, A. James and Maria Hsia Chang “ The Military Defense of the Republic of China,” (Draft)

2. Council for Economic Planning and Development, Executive Yuan, Republic of China, Taiwan Statistical Data Book (TSDB), 1980, Taipei: June, 1980.

3. Economic Planning Council Social Welfare Indicators, Republid of China Taipei: 1975.

4. Encyclopedia of the Social Science, New York: MacMillam, 1933.