本研究的主要目的在探討我國國小兒童之年齡、認知發展與語言能力間的關係。研究對象為台北市景興國小一、二、三年級七十八名學生。研究工具為「皮亞傑具體運作期認知發展診斷實驗」及「圖形指認作業」。

本研究根據受試在「圖形指認作業」中的語言溝通準確性得分及語言反應的各項詞類百分比，進行 2 × 3 二因子變異數分析，結果發現：

(1)具體運思期兒童和運思前期兒童在語言各變項上，只有副詞百分比一項達顯著差異。

(2)年齡大的兒童的語言溝通準確性得分、具體名詞百分比、抽象動詞百分比、比較級形容詞百分比及副詞百分比皆顯著高於年齡小的兒童。

(3)年齡小的兒童的代名詞百分比、介詞百分比及量詞百分比均顯著高於年齡大的兒童。

(4)各項詞類百分比的發展上，抽象名詞百分比、抽象動詞百分比、抽象形容詞百分比、副詞百分比和連接詞百分比有隨年齡增加的趨勢；具體動詞百分比，助詞百分比及量詞百分比有隨年齡減少的趨勢；具體名詞百分比、具體形容詞百分比、比較級形容詞百分比、代名詞百分比、介詞百分比和歎詞百分比則與年齡無直線相關趨勢。

(5)認知發展和年齡在兒童語言各變項上沒有顯著的交互影響。

最後，針對上述研究的結果加以解釋和討論，並提出五項建議，以作為家長、學校及未來研究的參考。

一、中文部分
（一）中文書籍
王文科，兒童認知發展與教學。台灣省教育廳編印，民國七十年。
呂俊甫，發展心理與教育。台北：台灣商務印書館，民國七十一年。
林清山，心理與教育統計學。台北：東華書局，民國六十六年。
俞筱鈞，皮亞傑具體運作期認知發展診斷實驗。台北：中國文化學院青少年兒童福利學系，民國六十六年。
許世瑛，中國文法講話。台北：台灣開明書店，民國六十三年，（十一版）。
許菱祥，中文文法。台北：大中國圖書公司，民國五十四年。
張春興、楊國樞，心理學。台北：三民書局，民國六十五年（三版）。
黃天中，幼兒心理學。台北：東華書局，民國六十二年五月。
楊國樞、張春興，中國兒童行為的發展。台北：環宇出版社，民國六十三年。
蔡春美，兒童智慧心理學。台北：文景書局，民國六十八年。
(二)中文期刊、論文
王麗文，國中生認知發展與創造力之相關研究，國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國七十年。
吳幼妃，「社經地位、智力、性別及城鄉背景與兒童語言能力關係之研究」，教育學刊，第二期，民國六十九年，第九三至一一九頁。
吳培源，排行、社經地位、親子交互作用與兒童語言行為的關係，國立師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國六十七年六月。
吳裕益，我國兒童及青少年認知的發展及其影響因素之研究，國立高雄師範學院教育研究所碩士論文，民國七十年五月。
初正平，「兒童心目中之父母教養態度與各種認知能力之發展」，中華心理學刊，第十七期，民國六十四年，第四七至六二頁。
林邦傑，「國中及高中學生具體運思、形式運思與傳統智力之研究」，中華心理學刊，第22卷2期，民國六十九年，第三三至四九頁。
林清山，「兒童語言發展的研究」，師大教育研究所集刊，第9輯，民國五十五年，第一三八至二九六頁。
林清山，「男女學前兒童語言發展各變數的比較研究」心理與教育，第2期，民國五十七年，第一二一至一三七頁。
洪靜安，「從兒童語文的發展談幼稚園的語文教育」，在中國教育學會主編之兒童教育研究，民國六十八年，第二七五至二九六頁。
陳淑美，「學前兒童在系列知覺測驗上的反應研究」，心理與教育，第4期，民國五十九年，第四七至六二頁。
湯清二，「高中、高職學生認知推理能力之比較研究」，教育學院學報，第5期，民國六十九年，第二二六至二三四頁。
黃曼麗，「國中二、三年級學生具體操作及形式操作之推理能力研究」，教育學院學報，第5期，民國六十九年，第一九五至二○六頁。
黃惠玲，形式運作階段的理論及測量研究，國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文，民國六十九年。
勞榦，「中國文字之特質及其發展」，在國立教育資料館編之國語文改進意見彙編，民國六十九年，第一二六至一四二頁。
楊國樞、楊有維、蕭育汾，「學前與國小兒童口頭語言之發展及其相關因素」，在楊國樞、張春興所編之中國兒童行為的發展，民國六十三年，第一四三至二三八頁。
劉錫麒，我國兒童保留概念的發展，國立師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國六十二年六月。
譚天瑜，國小兒童的性別、社會背景及其語言行為之關係，國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文，民國六十五年六月。
蘇建文，「兒童量的保留概念發展之研究」，測驗年刊，第20輯，民國六十二年，第六一至七五頁。
顧浩定，「台灣之職業聲望結構」，社會學刊，第七期，民國六十年，第六七至八○頁。

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