過去有關兒童語言行為的研究，結論不一。本研究為了了解國小兄童的性別、社會背景在語言行為上之差異，乃提出虛無假設，假定不同性別、社會背景的兒童，在語言行為上沒有顯著的差異。
抽取八十名受試者，依其社會背景分為漁、農、公教和商四組，每組二十名，男女各半。採個別測驗方式，要受試者看四張不同社會背景的圖片，作語言反應。然後就其語言編碼方式及語言行為總字數，加以分析。
本研究資料是用二項式變異數分析、克一瓦二氏單因子等級變異數分析、曼一惠特尼U考驗等方法來檢驗。結果發現：男女兒童在語言編碼及語言行為總字數上，沒有顯著的差異，不同社會背景的兒童在語言行為總字數上亦無差異，但不同社會背景的兒童在語言編碼上則有顯著的差異。進一步以杜凱氏法比較，發現農～公組在四張圖片的語言編碼，都達顯著差異，公～商組在圖片漁上亦達顯著差異。
最後從不同社會背景在行為、態度上之差異，來解釋結果，並對教育及研究提出建議。

一、中文部分
1.林清山 教育心理學 台北 文景 民國六十三年（修訂二版）。
2.林清山 兒童語言發展的研究 師大教育研究所集刊第九輯 民國五十五年 140-296。
3.林清山 心理與教育統計學 台北 東華 民國六十三年。
4.吳靜吉、黃國彥 教育心理學 台北 中華電視台 民國六十四年。
5.楊國樞、張春興編著 中國兒童行為的發展 台北 環宇 民國六十三年143-188。
6.許世瑛 中國文法講話 台北 開明 民國六十三年（十一版）。
7.楊懋春 中國鄉村文化的特點 台大社會學刊第四期 民國五十七年 1-10。
8.李亦園、楊國樞 中國人的性格 台北 中央研究院民族學研究所 民國六十二年（二版）353-373。
9.早川著、鄧海珠譯 語言與人生 台北 遠流 民國64年。
10.李富言 社會背景與圖畫、文字對自動類聚的影響國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文民國62年。
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