女性吸菸不僅涉及個人生活習慣，也可能受到性別規範、社會期待與職場評價的影響。相較於男性吸菸者，女性吸菸者往往承受更多關於形象、氣質與角色適切性的檢視。隨著性別平權意識提升及女性職場參與程度增加，當代女性在職場中是否已能較為自由地展現吸菸行為，以及她們如何面對吸菸身分可能帶來的形象與人際風險，值得進一步探討。
本研究以職場女性吸菸者為研究對象，旨在了解女性如何看待自身的吸菸行為、如何決定職場中的吸菸身分是否對外揭露，以及在不同職場關係與情境中，如何調整其行為與自我呈現。本研究採取質性研究方法，透過半結構式深度訪談，訪問共9位具有職場經驗的女性吸菸者，以及2為男性吸菸者進行另一個視角的觀點補充，並依據訪談資料進行整理與分析。
研究結果發現，受訪者多已不再將吸菸視為具有特定性別意義的行為，而傾向將其理解為個人習慣、放鬆方式或私人選擇。然而，吸菸行為一旦進入職場，仍可能與女性的工作形象、專業能力、人際關係及他人評價產生連結。因此，女性能否在職場中展現吸菸行為，並不完全取決於她們在吸菸身分上的自我認同，而是會依據職場文化、職位權力、關係親疏及可能產生的後果進行評估。
依據受訪者對吸菸身分知情範圍的控制，本研究將其區分為「誰知道都無妨」、「看情況讓人知道」、「親近者才知道」及「希望只有自己知道」四種類型。此四種類型主要反映職場女性對吸菸身分知情範圍的不同期待，以及她們為控制知情對象所採取的管理方式。受訪者會透過選擇吸菸空間、掩蓋氣味或避開特定主管或同事，降低吸菸行為對職場生存與個人形象可能造成的影響。
此外，吸菸場域雖可能促成人際交流、資訊交換及關係拉近，但其所形成的親密關係並非必然為這些職場女性帶來正面結果。當關係過度靠近、談話內容超越個人界線，或吸菸身分進入不希望被知悉的人際網絡時，女性仍須承擔額外的人際壓力與形象管理。由此可見，職場女性對吸菸行為的隱藏、揭露與調整，是在不對等的權力條件與性別化眼光之下，為維持職場安全與生存所發展出的防禦性管理策略。

Smoking among women involves not only personal lifestyle habits but may also be shaped by gender norms, social expectations, and workplace evaluations. Compared with male smokers, female smokers are often subject to greater scrutiny regarding their image, demeanor, and conformity to socially appropriate roles. As awareness of gender equality has increased and women’s participation in the workforce has expanded, it is worth further examining whether contemporary women are now able to display their smoking behavior more freely in the workplace, and how they respond to the potential image-related and interpersonal risks associated with being identified as smokers.
This study focuses on female smokers in the workplace and aims to explore how women perceive their own smoking behavior, how they decide whether to disclose their smoking identity at work, and how they adjust their behavior and self-presentation across different workplace relationships and situations. Adopting a qualitative research approach, this study conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with nine female smokers who had workplace experience. Two male smokers were also interviewed to provide supplementary perspectives. The interview data were subsequently organized and analyzed.
The findings indicate that most participants no longer regarded smoking as a behavior with a specific gendered meaning. Instead, they tended to understand it as a personal habit, a means of relaxation, or a private choice. However, once smoking entered the workplace context, it could still become associated with women’s professional image, competence, interpersonal relationships, and evaluations by others. Whether women could openly engage in smoking at work therefore did not depend solely on their acceptance of their own smoking identity. Rather, they assessed workplace culture, positional power, the closeness of interpersonal relationships, and the possible consequences of disclosure.
Based on the participants’ control over who was aware of their smoking identity, this study classified them into four types: “it does not matter who knows,” “allowing others to know depending on the situation,” “allowing only close acquaintances to know,” and “hoping that no one else knows.” These four types reflect different expectations among working women regarding the range of people who may know about their smoking identity, as well as the management practices they adopt to control who becomes aware of it. Participants attempted to reduce the possible effects of smoking on workplace survival and personal image by selecting particular smoking spaces, concealing the smell of smoke, and avoiding certain supervisors or colleagues.
In addition, although smoking spaces may facilitate interpersonal interaction, information exchange, and closer relationships, the intimacy formed in such settings does not necessarily produce positive outcomes for these working women. When relationships become excessively close, conversations cross personal boundaries, or knowledge of their smoking identity spreads into interpersonal networks in which they do not wish it to be known, women must bear additional interpersonal pressure and engage in further image management. These findings suggest that working women’s concealment, disclosure, and adjustment of smoking behavior constitute defensive management strategies developed to maintain workplace safety and survival under unequal power relations and gendered scrutiny.

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Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
World Health Organization. (2026, June 26). Tobacco and nicotine. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco