本論文探討泰國跨國婚姻移民如何在臺灣與泰國兩個基於不同法律邏輯運作、且權益可攜性有限的福利體系之間穿梭，以取得社會保護。透過十六個深度個案研究、政策分析與民族誌田野調查，本研究指出，移民的脆弱性並非源自個人不足，而是由兩國的移民法規、國籍法律、文件要求與行政裁量所共同產生的「國家建構的法律脆弱性」(state-constructed legal vulnerabilities)。這些重疊的制度造成雙重排除、不穩定的法律身分，以及破碎化的醫療、退休金與長期保障。

本研究以跨國社會保護（Transnational Social Protection, TSP）與結構–能動性（Structure–Agency）為分析框架，並進一步以混合式跨國社會保護（Hybrid Transnational Social Protection, HTSP）加以延伸。論文分析移民如何透過就業、親屬網絡、匯款、跨國資產投資、社區組織、寺廟與非政府組織等多元策略，來彌補制度缺口。這些混合策略顯示，移民的能動性具備時間性、關係性，並深深嵌入性別化照顧責任之中，但同時也受到兩國福利體系錯置所帶來的結構性限制。

在宏觀層次，本研究指出臺灣的公民層級化與泰國的領土性福利邏輯如何共同造成移民不穩定且部分性的成員資格。在中介層次，非政府組織、領事館、宗教機構與社群團體作為非正式基礎設施，協助移民取得福利資源，但其能力仍有限。在微觀層次，移民則組合出具彈性的社會保護組合，以維繫跨國家庭的生活與照顧需求。

本論文在概念上貢獻於「雙國治理下的福利制度」之理論建構，並揭示 HTSP 既是移民的生存策略，也是由制度不協調所產生的結構性必然。政策建議包括：提高歸化程序透明度、提升數位資訊系統、加強泰國福利的跨境可攜性、強化領事支援，以及促進臺泰之間以務實方式進行合作，並與東協新興的社會保護框架相接軌。

This dissertation examines how Thai marriage migrants navigate social protection across Taiwan and Thailand, two welfare systems that operate under different legal logics and offer limited portability of rights. Drawing on 16 in-depth interviews, policy analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork, the study shows that migrants’ vulnerabilities are not individual shortcomings but state-constructed legal vulnerabilities generated through immigration regulations, nationality laws, documentation requirements, and bureaucratic discretion in both countries. These overlapping systems create dual exclusion, unstable legal status, and fragmented access to healthcare, pensions, and long-term security.

Using the frameworks of Transnational Social Protection (TSP) and the Structure–Agency approach, and extending them through Hybrid Transnational Social Protection (HTSP), the dissertation analyzes how migrants mobilize strategies across employment, kinship networks, remittances, property investments, community organizations, temples, and NGOs to compensate for institutional gaps. These hybrid strategies reveal that agency is temporal, relational, and embedded in gendered care responsibilities, yet structurally constrained by the misalignment of two national welfare regimes.

At the macro level, the study identifies how civic stratification in Taiwan and territorial welfare logics in Thailand jointly produce precarious and partial membership for migrants. At the meso level, NGOs, consulates, religious institutions, and community groups function as informal infrastructures that mediate welfare access but remain limited in capacity. At the micro level, migrants assemble flexible protection portfolios that sustain transnational families across borders.

The dissertation contributes conceptually by theorizing dual-state welfare governance and demonstrating how HTSP emerges as both a survival strategy and a structural necessity. Policy recommendations call for more transparent naturalisation processes, improved digital information systems, portability of Thai welfare benefits, strengthened consular support, and pragmatic Taiwan–Thailand cooperation aligned with emerging ASEAN social protection frameworks.

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