Subak as one of the world's cultural heritage, is not just an institution in the field of agriculture, but also is a part of the local Balinese wisdom about the relationship between man and God, Human relationships, and the relationship between human and environment (The concept of Tri Hita Karana/ THK). This paper aims to analyze the present and future challenges faced by the Balinese subak especially facing modernization. It is argued that subak has strengths and therefore may be able to cope with such challenges because subak is indeed a feasible institution as indicated by the fact that it has been in existence for many centuries. However, the struggles of subak are getting tougher through time. It is necessary that some efforts need to be done to analyze the struggle of subak in detail in order to project deeper understanding of what lay behind subak struggles so that the empowerment of subak can help to preserve subak from those challenges.

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