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| 研究生： |
劉冬松 Liu, Dong Song |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
本地兩家英文報紙－中國郵報與中國日報－寫作體裁的量化調查 A Quantitative Stylistic Investigation of Two Local English Newspapers: The China Post and The China News |
| 指導教授： |
陳振寬
Chen, Zhen Kuan |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
外國語文學院 - 英國語文學系 Department of English |
| 論文出版年： | 1994 |
| 畢業學年度： | 82 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 140 |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：182 下載：0 |
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本論文調查此地兩家英文報紙--中國郵報與中國日報--的新聞寫作體裁。研究結果可使我們對此兩家報紙的寫作特色有更深人的認識，從而幫助英語教師與學生選取更道確的報紙文章研讀。此外，研究發現也可對新聞工作者與新聞系學生有所啟示。
先前的研究顯示多數有關體裁的研究均採量化分析的方式。本論文亦是如此，且運用到若干統計方法。首先六個體裁特徵被選定作為分析項目：句長，句型，句子複雜度，主動詞分隔，代名詞指涉，及分段。按著以系統取樣選取每報三十六篇，合計七十二篇新聞作為分析的語料。然後各體裁特徵分別計算並將結果以統計方法轉化成可比較之數字。
有效性測試(significance testing)結果指出中國日報在句型中的複雜句，甸子複雜度，和代名詞指涉三項均超越中國郵報，另外數字結果顯示句長與句子複雜度成正相關。新聞中的引言句較其它部份的句子長許多。句型以複雜旬為主。主動詞分隔亦不少，而以介詞片語為最常見的分隔單位。句子間的代名詞指涉則不多見，既便有位多是相鄰句間的指涉。另外兩報均盡量縮短段落的長度，通常是一句一段。
本研究結果確認中國郵報與中國日報間存有若干寫作體裁的差異。同時在新聞中的句長，句子複雜度，與主動詞分隔亦顯示可能增加閱讀的困難。唯代名詞指涉因多是相鄰句間的關係故不曾造成指認的困難。這些發現對英語教師，學生，新聞工作者或可有所啟發。
This study investigates the newswriting styles of two local English newspapers: The China Post and The China News It is hoped that the results of the study may provide some criteria for English teachers and students alike in their selections of suitable newspaper material to study. Besides, the outcomes may have implications for professional reporters and students of journalism in the production of news.
Previous studies in both fields of linguistics and journalism are reviewed. It is found that most stylistic studies are quantitative in nature. The present study also adopts a quantitative method and certain statistical instruments are exploited.
Six features are selected for this quantitative analysis: sentence length, sentence structure type, sentence complexity, subject-verb separation, personal reference, and paragraphing. They are chosen because they are closely related to the goals of the study and are proved in the pilot study that they can be objectively defined and measured. Among these features, personal reference is analyzed within the model of Halliday and Hasan (1976), and others the model of Quirk et al. (1972). A systematic sampling takes thirty-six news items from each newspaper to form the data base. Then each feature is counted separately and the raw scores are converted into comparable figures by statistical instruments.
The significance testing show that there are significant differences between the two newspapers in three of the six features we are examining: sentence structure type, sentence complexity, and personal reference. The China News surpasses The China Post in all these features. Numerical results indicate that sentence length is positively correlated with sentence complexity. Leads are well longer than non-lead ones. A complex sentence is the general pattern of syntactic style. Subject-verbre common in both newspapers with the prepositional phrase as the most frequently used subject postmodifier. Intersentential personal reference ties are not so common in both newspapers with IMMEDIATE ties as the most usual distance. And both newspapers follow the practice of keeping each paragraph as short as possible.
These findings help us to have a better understanding of some characteristics of the local English-medium newspapers' writing styles. In addition, the hypothesis that there are significant stylistic differences between the two newspapers is confirmed. Furthermore, certain implications in using English newspapers as learning material as well as in newswriting can be derived.
Acknowledgements-----iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chinese Abstract-----vii
English Abstract-----viii
List of Tables-----x
Chapter
1. Introduction-----1
Motivation-----1
Goals and Limits-----4
Hypothesis-----6
Significance of the Study-----8
2. Background Information-----11
Discourse Analysis and Stylistics-----11
Media Discourse Study-----14
Earlier Studies of News-----15
Review of Related Research-----16
Research in the Field of Linguistics-----17
Research in the Field of Journalism-----23
Statistics in Stylistics-----26
3. Theoretical andMethodological Frameworks-----32
Approach and Model-----32
Analytical Approach-----32
Grammatical Model-----34
Basic Assumptions-----37
Stylistic Features-----39
Feature Selection-----39
Feature Justification-----41
Data Base-----46
Measurement-----48
Procedure of Measurement-----49
Statistical Instrument-----58
4. Results and Discussion-----64
Numerical Results-----64
Sentence Length-----64
Sentence Structure Type-----66
Sentence Complexity-----69
Subject-Verb Separation-----70
Personal Reference-----73
Paragraphing-----77
Discussion-----77
sentence Length-----77
Sentence Structure Type-----79
Sentence Complexity-----82
Subject-Verb Separation-----83
Personal Reference-----87
Paragraphing-----91
News Story Size-----91
Direct quotation-----92
5. Conclusions-----95
Summary of the Study-----95
Implications of the Study-----99
Problems with the Current Analysis-----101
Suggestions for Further Research-----103
Appendixes
A. Dates and Headlines of China Post Sample-----105
B. Dates and Headlines of China News Sample-----106
C. Raw Scores of China Post's Sentence Length-----107
D. Raw Scores of China News' Sentence Length-----108
E. Raw Scores of China Post's Sentence Structure Type-----109
F. Raw Scores of China News' Sentence Structure Type-----110
G. Raw Scores of China Post's Sentence Complexity-----111
H. Raw Scores of China News' Sentence Complexity-----112
I. Raw Scores of China Post's Subject-Verb Separation-----113
J. Raw Scores of China News' Subject-Verb Separation-----115
K. Raw Scores of China Post's Personal Reference-----117
L. Raw Scores of China News' Personal Reference-----119
M. Raw Scores of China Post's Paragraphing-----121
N. Raw Scores of China News' Paragraphing-----122
Works Cited-----123
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1. Mean Values of Sentence Length-----65
2. Coefficient of Rank Correlation with Sentence Complexity and Subject-Verb Separation-----66
3. Comparison of Mean Sentence Lengths-----66
4. Proportions of Sentence Structure Types-----67
5. Comparisons of Sentence Structure Types' Proportions-----68
6. Mean Values of Sentence Complexity-----69
7. Comparison of Sentence Complexity-----70
8. Proportions and Distances of Subject-Verb Separation-----71
9. Comparison of Subject-Verb Separation Proportions (with Adverbials Excluded)-----72
10. Proportions of Subject Postmodifiers-----72
11. Ratios and Proportions of Personal Reference Ties-----73
12. Comparison of Personal Reference Ties Proportions-----74
13. Proportions of Reference Spans-----74.
14. Comparison of MEDIATED Ties Proportions-----75
15. Proportions of Personal Pronouns and Their Functionings-----76
16. Comparison of Functionings Proportions-----77
17. Proportions of Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Subject Postmodifying Clauses-----87
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