在中國大陸，中央國有企業於國家產業布局與科技戰略中具有核心地位，其領導人亦逐漸成為黨政體系吸納的重要人才來源。習近平上任後，中共將「科技自立自強」與戰略性新興產業提升為治理主軸，使專業型與技術型人才在幹部選拔中的制度地位大幅提高。基於此背景，本研究以科技型央企領導層為主要觀察對象，運用2012年至2025年的個體資料，分析其政治流動模式，探討專業憑證與政治憑證在仕途發展中的交互作用，並比較不同產業屬性對進入黨政部門的影響。方法上，本研究結合量化統計與結構化質性分析，建構六種類型的仕途發展模式，以呈現技術背景如何在特定制度邏輯下轉化為政治資源。研究結果指出，習近平時期高科技央企高管的仕途發展呈現出專業能力與國家戰略需求的深度耦合，反映出「專業性政治化」的制度化趨勢。專業憑證雖已成為邁入黨政系統的基本門檻，但政治憑證仍是決定晉升幅度與進入核心權力圈的重要信號。尤其在軍工、航太、能源等與國家安全高度綁定的壟斷性產業中，高管的專業能力更容易與國家需求形成匹配，使其具備被納入選拔黨政部門的可能性。換言之，專業性唯有經由政治化再詮釋，方能轉化為體制可用的治理資源，並成為習近平時期幹部選拔邏輯的核心基礎之一。

Central state-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a pivotal role in China’s industrial and technological strategy, and their senior executives have become an increasingly important source of political elites. Since Xi Jinping took office, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has elevated “technological self-reliance” and strategic emerging industries to the core of governance, reinforcing the institutional importance of professional and technical talent in cadre selection. This study examines leaders of high-tech SOEs from 2012 to 2025, analyzing their political mobility and evaluating how their professional and political credentials interact to shape appointments within the Party-state system. Using a mixed-methods design that integrates quantitative analysis with structured qualitative assessment, the study identifies six career trajectory types that show how technical expertise is translated into political opportunity under specific institutional conditions. The findings indicate that, under Xi Jinping, the career paths of high-tech SOE executives increasingly align with national strategic priorities, revealing an institutionalized trend toward the “politicization of expertise.” While professional credentials now constitute the basic threshold for entering the Party-state arena, political credentials remain the decisive criterion for upward mobility. Executives from monopolistic, security-linked sectors—such as defense, aerospace, and energy—are particularly well positioned to align their expertise with state strategic needs, thereby transforming technical backgrounds into concrete political opportunities. Ultimately, expertise becomes politically consequential only when reinterpreted through political channels and absorbed into the state as usable political resources.

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學位論文
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政府報告
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