本研究深入分析亞洲電子產業中小企業在全球供應鏈重構與產業轉型情境下的策略調適與經營實務。以泰國和中國的射出成形企業為典型案例，透過質性深度個案研究、文獻分析與實務訪談，本研究揭示，制度環境的成熟度與政策穩定性顯著影響企業的策略取向與治理模式。
核心發現是，企業在「生產交易成本」與「制度合規成本」之間進行權衡，進而形塑了迥異的策略選擇。中國企業傾向於制度化管理與長期技術積累，追求長遠競爭優勢；泰國企業則更側重多點佈局、彈性合作與供應鏈多元化，強調成本優化、快速回應以應對制度風險。儘管兩國企業皆追求成本控制、供應鏈韌性與市場就近策略，但在制度依賴度、治理機制及策略調整機制上呈現明顯差異。
研究建構了「制度—策略—韌性」三位一體理論模型，指出制度環境在中介與調節企業策略實施與風險防控中扮演關鍵角色，突顯其對供應鏈韌性建構的深遠影響。本研究不僅深化了跨國供應鏈管理中制度與交易成本理論的整合應用，更為提升企業韌性與政策制定提供了一系列策略與政策建議，涵蓋了制度穩定性、供應體系多元化、產業鏈在地化及風險預警等關鍵面向。

This study delves into the strategic adaptation and operational practices of Asian electronics Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the context of global supply chain restructuring and industrial transformation. Using injection molding enterprises in Thailand and China as representative cases, and employing in-depth qualitative case studies, literature analysis, and expert interviews, this research reveals that the maturity of the institutional environment and policy stability significantly influence firms' strategic orientations and governance models.
The core finding highlights that firms make a critical trade-off between "production transaction costs" and "institutional compliance costs," leading to distinct strategic choices. Chinese enterprises prioritize institutionalized management and long-term technological accumulation to achieve sustained competitive advantages, whereas Thai firms emphasize multi-point layouts, flexible collaborations, and supply chain diversification, focusing on cost optimization and rapid response to institutional risks. While both groups pursue cost control, supply chain resilience, and market proximity strategies, they exhibit notable differences in institutional dependency, governance mechanisms, and strategic adjustment approaches.
The study develops a tripartite "Institution-Strategy-Resilience" model, which highlights how the institutional environment mediates and moderates strategy implementation and risk control, underscoring its profound impact on supply chain resilience. This research not only deepens the integrated application of Institutional Theory and Transaction Cost Theory in multinational supply chain management but also provides a series of strategic and policy recommendations for enhancing firm resilience and policy formulation, covering key areas such as institutional stability, supply system diversification, industrial chain localization, and risk early warning.

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