人力資本的培養，仍須回到最根本的「教育」問題。隨著家庭結構改變和社會專業化分工的影響，學校和家庭外的社會化機構對於學生教育學習和成長的過程雖已扮演更加重要的角色，然而，我們亦不能忽略家庭教育對於學生教育表現的重要影響力。本文利用中研院台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫(TEPS資料庫)中，第一波(2001)、第二波(2003)國中生調查問卷和第三波(2005)高中職五專學生問卷資料，並利用複迴歸模型 (multiple regression)和Probit機率模型 (probit probability model)進行分析，並將升學發展成果分為考上公立普通高中和未考上公立普通高中兩大類，探討影響中學生升學發展成果之因素。研究結果發現，父/母親教育程度、財務資本、文化資本、母親教育參與和教育期望對於考上公立普通高中之機率有顯著的正向影響，而婚姻狀態、手足數目、社會資本和城鄉別則對考上公立普通高中之機率有顯著的負向影響。

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