本論文以「中國大陸少數民族教育制度之研究--以吉林省延邊朝鮮族自治州與雲南省民族地區為例」為題，採歷史研究法的運用，透過歷史文獻資料的敘述，分析探討中國少數民族教育制度的沿革與發展。其次，採文獻分析法，以周延的了解少數民族教育的理論基礎、中共少數民族教育政策以及各級教育之全貌。另外，採取田野觀察法為輔，實地參觀民族地區檢證資料，更了解民族教育教學的現況。最後，加以綜合歸納中共少數民族教育的現狀、困境以及未必展望，並提出建議，作為往後少數民族教育的研究方向。

本研究從教育政策方面及各級教育領域統整歸納結果如下：

第一，教育政策方面：中共重視培養少數民族人才，透過民族教育政策培養少數民族高級幹部，讓少數民族在各個領域中有地位，才能為民族地區現代化建設服務。為此，推行雙語教學政策，使各少數民族間的文盲率大幅下降，因而提高民族教育的質量，並且對民族團結發展具有重要作用，也提高民族的文化素質。另外，宗教政策影響到民族教育的發展，在少數民族地區，宗教與民族教育有著不可分離的關係，因而宗教與民族教育的關係處理得成功，也可促進了民族地區普及教育的發展。

第二，各級教育方面：整個民族教育來看，各級教育方針以中共政府辦學，同時鼓勵企、事業單位和其他社會團體來辦學。其辦學形式有多種多樣的辦學形式，全日制、半日制、寄宿制、巡迴教學、民族分班、民族分校、內地西藏班等。學制、課程設計和教學計劃，都沒有統一規定和要求，採取因地制宜。首先中共重視高等教育，原來最主要目的是大量培養少數民族幹部。因此，民族高等院校要強調為社會服務的功能，積極主動地為民族地區經濟建設服務。其次，民族師範教育體系不完整，所以最重要課題是如何突顯民族性，如何根據民族地區實際特點，民族學生的心理特點與個性特徵來因地制宜、因族制宜，進行教育管理與教學組織。另外，民族地區的成人教育具有直接的經濟功能、民族地區人才外流的情況比較嚴重，發展成人教育也能促進各民族的經濟發展和民族團結。

總之，透過整個少數民族各級各類教育現況來看，其存在著不少問題。大部分是經費不足的原因和各民族自強的觀念問題。為此，中國大陸少數民族教育對中共加速少數民族教育經濟建設相當重要的作用，同時強調使少數民族地區實現現代化，使少數民族增強自信心，促進民族之間的均衡發展。

為此，中國大陸少數民族教育從民族地區的實際出發，根據民族地區的特點辦學，形式多樣，適應需要，增強效益。還有民族教育的改革開放，把民族教育匯合到中國大陸整體教育和世界多元教育發展的潮流，才能逐步提高其發展水準。

The disseration mainly have a study on the minority ethnic group's education system in Mainland China--吉林省延邊朝鮮族自治州與雲南省. Through the application of historical study, I first describe the reform and development of the minority ethnic group's education system. Besides, by material analysis, I analysis the basic theory and government's policy of the minority ethnic group's education and the whole education in China. Tn addition to referring to the material, I also use fieldwork and visit the area which the minority ethnic group live in and review the reality of my collected material and understand the real teaching of the minority ethnic group thoroughly. Finally, I conclude the present situation, difficulties and future of the minority ethnic group's education system and give some suggestion and leave some problems to some persons who want to continue the study in the field.

There are several important points that we can get from the dissertation:

First, education policy: the government of Mainland China pays much attention to develop the minority ethnic group. The government hopes by the education policy to develop talents to be the leader of the minority ethnic group and service for their groups. In order to arrive the goal, the government carry out the bilingual teaching to decrease the ratio of the person who doesn't know any word. And by the way, it also promote the quality and quantity of the minority ethnic group's education and have great contribution to unity the minority ethnic group. Besides, religion policy affect the development of the ethnic group's education deeply. If the relation between religion and education deal well, it becomes a great help to generalize the education.

Second, educational system in view of the whole education government, the main power to set up schools is the center government, but the government also encourage the enterprises and associations to set up schools. There are different forms of teaching, including one-full-day, half-day, lodging, circulating teaching, dividing into different classes or schools by the ethnic group and the class in 西藏. All of the educational system, the design of the course and the plan of teaching don't have the same rule and requirement but take appropriate measures in accordance with local conditions. In higher education, it emphasizes on the development of talent and social service in order to service their groups actively. And in normal education, the most important thing is to reveal the character of the different ethnic group and proceed the educational management and organization according to the character of different areas and students. More than this, adult education had the function to develop economy and unify the ethnic groups, especially serious outflow of talents in the area.

In a word, there are many problems in the minority ethnic group's education system, the insufficient funds and the concept of national self-renewal taking a large part in them. So the minority ethnic group's education play a important role to speed up development in each aspect. In the meanwhile, it help the minority ethnic group to modernize and enhance the group self-confidence and balance the development between different areas. To reach the aim, the minority ethnic group's education must start from the point of corresponding to different ethnic group's need. In addition to this, the reform and liberalization of education system are important. To integrate education system of the minority ethnic group with the national education system and to match the world tide, so the minority ethnic group's education can get a perfect development.