理性概念所具備的統一性特徵在傳統的形上學背景之下表現為一種普遍的統一學說，然而這樣的論點在當代受到很大的挑戰，當代思想中很多都表現為一種多元主義的立場，對於理性統一性的論點多有批判。於是乎一場一與多之間的哲學辯論就此展開。哈伯馬斯對於理性統一性有其獨特的見解，重新考慮在多元之中理性統一性的可能性。基本上哈伯馬斯採取跳脫形上學立場，不在一與多兩者間的對立為任何一方進行辯護，而是提出一種新的見解，由後形上學的立場來談在多元中理性統一性的可能性。

哈伯馬斯認為現今存在著兩類針鋒相對的觀點，一種是有鑑於當代形上學統一性的喪失而努力回歸前康德時代的形上學，另一種則是以被壓制的多元性向統一性思想提出抗議。為了要釐清其中有關一與多之間的對立與關聯，哈伯馬斯對於傳統以來一與多之間的論點提出了個人的見解，同時也對當代反對統一性的相關論點做討論，進而提出自己的看法以求一條新的解決之道，試著調和一與多之間的對立性。本論文將透過對後形上學思想趨勢的討論，說明哈伯馬斯重建理性概念的進路及其對不同立場的學者所抱持的態度。

Habermas, Jürgen
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