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研究生： 林以舷
Lin, Yi Xian
論文名稱： 漢語親子對話中的問答現象
Questions and Responses in Mandarin Parent-child Conversation
指導教授： 黃瓊之
Huang, Chiung Chih
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 外國語文學院 - 語言學研究所
Graduate Institute of Linguistics
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 85
中文關鍵詞： 問句 、回應 、語言習得 、語用發展 、母子互動
外文關鍵詞： questions, responses, language acquisition, pragmatic development, mother-child interaction
相關次數： 點閱：216  下載：126 
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    • 本研究旨在探討漢語母子對話中孩童問句的語言形式和語用功能，以及其問句和母親回應之間的關係。研究語料來自於一對以漢語為母語的母子在日常生活的對話，孩童的年紀約為二至三歲。研究將孩童問句的語用功能分為四類：詢問訊息(informational)、請求行為(directive)、對話修補(conversational)以及針對自我(self-directed)。母親針對孩童問句所作的回應分為三類：直接回應(answers)、非直接回應(non-answer responses)與無回應(no answers)。研究發現漢語孩童大量依賴疑問詞問句和語助詞問句，而隨著年紀增長，孩童的問句語言形式也更趨多元。研究也發現孩童多使用問句來詢問訊息，而孩童使用問句執行對話修補功能的比例也隨著年紀增長而有所增加，另外，執行此項功能的問句的語言形式也隨年紀增長而越加豐富。最後，研究發現孩童問句多伴隨母親的回應，而母親的回應有時會重複孩童問句或以問句形式出現鼓勵孩童參與對話。

    The study aims to investigate forms and functions the child’s questions and their relations to the mother’s responses in Mandarin mother-child conversations. The data examined are from one mother-child dyad. The child is around two and three years old. The pragmatic functions of the child’s questions are categorized into four types: informational, directive, conversational and self-directed. The mother’s responses to the child’s questions are categorized into three types: answers, non-answer responses and no answers. The results show that the child mostly uses wh-questions and sentence-final particle questions. As the child grows older, the question forms he uses become more various. In addition, the child uses questions mainly to ask for factual knowledge. The child’s questions which repair the breakdown of the conversation are significant as the child grows older. The result suggests that the child gradually becomes a skillful conversationalist. Last, the data reveals that the child’s questions are mostly followed by the mother’s responses, and the mother’s responses may be related to the pragmatic functions of the child’s questions. The mother’s responses also exhibit some characteristics in child-directed speech in order to encourage the child’s participation in verbal interactions.

    Chapter 1 Introduction ……………………………………………… 1
    1.1 Background and motivation………………………………… 1
    1.2 Purpose of the study ………………………………………4
    1.3 Organization ………………………………………………… 4
    Chapter 2 Literature Review………………………………………… 5
    2.1 Studies of questions in pragmatics …………………5
    2.1.1 Pragmatic perspective ………………………………… 5
    2.1.2 Conversational perspective …………………………… 7
    2.2 Child language acquisition of questions …………9
    2.2.1 Development of children’s questions …………… 9
    2.2.2 Pragmatic functions of children’s questions ……11
    2.2.3 Mothers’ responses to children’s questions …15
    2.3 Questions in Chinese …………………………………… 16
    2.3.1 Categorization of question forms in Mandarin Chinese ……………………………………………………………………… 16
    2.3.2 The studies of child language acquisition of questions in Chinese ……………………………………………………19
    Chapter 3 Methodology ………………………………………………… 22
    3.1 Subjects and data …………………………………………22
    3.2 Analytical framework ……………………………………… 22
    3.2.1 Question types in Mandarin Chinese ………………23
    3.2.2 Pragmatic functions of questions …………………29
    3.2.3 Types of responses to questions ………………………33
    3.3 Coding system ……………………………………………… 35
    Chapter 4 Results ……………………………………………………… 37
    4.1 The child’s questions ……………………………………37
    4.1.1 The linguistic forms of the child's questions…37
    4.1.2 The pragmatic functions of the child's questions ………………………………………………………………………………… 42
    4.1.3 Form-function mapping of the child's questions…51
    4.2 The mother’s responses to the child's questions…………………………………………………………………… 60
    Chapter 5 Discussion and Conclusion …………………………… 74
    5.1 The child’s development of questions ……………74
    5.2 The child as a conversationalist …………………… 77
    5.3 The mother’s responsiveness in mother-child interactions…………………………………………………………………78
    5.4 Limitation and suggestion for future research …79
    Appendix ………………………………………………………………………81
    References ……………………………………………………………………85

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