企業往往會利用財務活動之變更，或是權衡性會計項目之操縱，來達到美化帳面盈餘之目的。而「銀行業」更因其產業特殊性，一直以來這種盈餘管理之幅度均高於其他產業；但是除了產業別之差異會影響盈餘管理程度之外，時間演進所造成的產業環境改變，以及個別企業體「公司治理」優劣程度，亦有可能造成經營階層進行盈餘操縱之動機的強弱差異。
本研究建立銀行業四大財務決策：放款、票券買賣、壞帳費用提列以及股利發放之聯立方程式，並使用台灣地區36家上市櫃商業銀行的財務報表資料，實證分析上述財務行為間的互動關係。本文首先利用時間面之切割，分析1991-1996、1997-2001年間銀行業盈餘管理程度之差異；其後更利用La Porta et. al.,（1999）所提出的股權偏離概念作為衡量銀行管理當局的道德風險指標，依此檢測「盈餘管理」程度是否因為道德風險的提升而隨之增加。實證結果顯示在1991-1996年間，非操弄性（原始）盈餘越高的銀行，反而會再增加票券買賣利益與降低壞帳費用提列，進一步提高營業利益；然而，原始盈餘為負的銀行，損益平滑化的現象顯著。在加入道德風險指標後，可以發現利用票券買賣進行盈餘管理，是銀行界普遍的狀況，而盈餘管理的程度會隨著道德風險的增加而提升，但是原始盈餘為負的銀行則較不傾向利用票券的買賣進行盈餘管理。在壞帳費用提列方面，可以發現銀行普遍利用壞帳費用的提列來進行損益平滑化的動作，但是道德風險之差異卻對原始盈餘為負的銀行之影響較為明顯。

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