近年來，臺灣高等教育迅速擴張，為社經地位相對弱勢的家庭子女提供了翻轉階級的機會。然而，高昂的學費和不均等的教育資源分配，使這些機會對經濟困難家庭來說，成為一大負擔。本研究將受訪者父親的職業用黃志毅（2008）提出之「改良版臺灣地區新職業聲望與社經地位量表」分類，以此當做社會階級高低的基準，並使用「臺灣社會變遷基本調查資料庫，Taiwan Social Change Survey」三期三次、四期三次、五期三次的階層組問卷（包括1997年長卷、2002年及2007年），以序列Probit模型（Ordered Probit Model），探討家庭背景對學生就讀頂尖大學及其垂直和水平面向教育選擇的影響。研究結果顯示，父親的社經階級對子女進入頂尖大學的機率有顯著正向影響，且隨時間推移影響力加劇，在高等教育擴張下，父親階級對於子女是否就讀學術聲譽較高的大專院校有顯著影響，隨著父親社經階級越高，其子女就讀頂尖私立大學的機率越大。此外，選擇不就讀大專院校的機率則大幅下降。垂直差距方面，父親階級對於子女選擇是否繼續升學有顯著影響，選擇就讀四年制大學的機率增加幅度最大；然而研究所階段，可能礙於本研究採用之樣本涵蓋年代較早，無法看到大幅增加就讀研究所的意願，但仍有上升趨勢。此外，出生年代、性別、居住地區等因素亦對教育選擇有顯著影響。高等教育擴張雖擴大了教育機會，但也加劇了教育選擇的分化。研究證實了社經階級在高等教育機會分配中的核心作用，並為促進教育公平提供了實證依據。

In recent years, the rapid expansion of higher education in Taiwan has provided opportunities for children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families to break free from their social class. However, high tuition fees and unequal distribution of educational resources pose a significant burden for economically challenged families. This study classifies the respondents’ fathers’ occupations using the “Modified Version of the New Occupational Prestige and Socioeconomic Status Scale of Taiwan” proposed by Huang Zhiyi (2008) as a basis for determining social class. It uses data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), including the questionnaires from the third wave (1997), fourth wave (2002), and fifth wave (2007), to explore the impact of family background on students’ choices of attending top universities and their vertical and horizontal educational choices through the Ordered Probit Model.

The findings reveal that the father’s socioeconomic class has a significantly positive impact on the likelihood of their children attending top universities, with the influence intensifying over time. As higher education expands, the father’s class significantly affects whether their children attend prestigious colleges and universities, with a higher probability of attending top private universities for children from higher socioeconomic classes. Moreover, the likelihood of choosing not to attend college decreases substantially. Regarding vertical disparities, the father’s class significantly influences the children’s decision to pursue further education, with the largest increase in the likelihood of attending a four-year university. Although the study’s timeframe does not allow for a significant increase in graduate school attendance, there is an upward trend. Additionally, factors such as birth year, gender, and residence area significantly influence educational choices. While the expansion of higher education has broadened educational opportunities, it has also exacerbated the stratification of educational choices. The study confirms the pivotal role of socioeconomic class in the distribution of higher education opportunities, providing empirical evidence for promoting educational equity.

中文部分

瞿海源(1999)。臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫1997第三期第三次：社會階層組(C00009_1)【原始數據】取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。https://doi.org/10.6141/TW-SRDA-C00009_1-1
蔡淑鈴. (2004). 高等教育的擴展對教育機會分配的影響. 台灣社會學, (7), 47-88.
黃毅志. (2008). 如何精確測量職業地位?“改良版台灣地區新職業聲望與社經地位量表” 之建構. 臺東大學教育學報, 19(1), 151-159.
張宜君, & 林宗弘. (2015). 臺灣的高等教育擴張與階級複製: 混合效應維續的不平等. 臺灣教育社會學研究, 15(2), 85-129.

英文部分

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