簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示
| 研究生： |
哥欣亞 Cynthia Castillo |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
MANAGING ACROSS CULTURES |
| 指導教授： | 韓志翔 |
| 學位類別： |
碩士
Master |
| 系所名稱： |
商學院 - 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) International MBA Program College of Commerce(IMBA) |
| 論文出版年： | 2006 |
| 畢業學年度： | 92 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 77 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | Cultural Differences and Similarities in the Taiwanese and Belizean Societies and their influence on the Leadership Style adopted by Taiwanese Managers in Belize |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：128 下載：34 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
在目前全球化下, 文化差異使公司在國際環境下,需要國際化經理的全球策略,不同文化使各的消費者,員工,供應商都不同,所以只有知道文化差異,才能有成功機會
With the onset of globalization, many companies operating in international environments have found it more and more necessary to incorporate management of cross cultures into their global entry strategies. Differences in approaches, values and expectations between customers, suppliers, employees and team members with different cultural backgrounds have led to many business failures. By understanding the impact of cross-cultural differences, owners and managers can increase the probability of their business success.
This thesis identifies cultural differences and similarities in the Taiwanese and Belizean societies and their influence on the leadership style adopted by Taiwanese managers in Belize. Greet Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions model was used in the analysis. Both primary and secondary data were utilized. In January 2004, ten (10) Taiwanese nationals managing Belizean employees were interviewed. Analysis of data collected indicated that despite the cultural similarities, there were still challenges faced by Taiwanese managers in managing their Belizean employees. Some of these challenges include: inadequate English communication skills on the part of the managers, lack of employee loyalty and job stability; and unskilled labor force resulting in low quality services and products.
Culture as defined by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions has some effect on the leadership style adapted by Taiwanese in Belize but not necessarily on the success or failure of their businesses. According to the findings, Belizean employees lack loyalty and stability. As a result, Taiwanese managers in Belize are less trustful of their employees hence they tend to adopt a micro-managing style. Success factors of Taiwanese doing business in Belize include: building relationships (guanxi), value of time and work orientation; and clear labor laws.
List of Figures and Tables...................................vii
Abstract....................................................viii
1. INTRODUCTION……................................1
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT……………………………………...5
2.1 Rationale of the Research…………………………….5
2.2 Analytical Framework……………………………………6
2.3 Research Question and Objectives…………………..6
2.4 Scope and Limitations………………………………….7
2.5 Definition of Terms…………………………………….8
3. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………10
3.1 Part I: Culture and Management across Cultures…10
3.1.1 Culture…………………………………………………….10
3.1.2 Management Across Cultures……………………………12
3. 2 Part II: Leadership Behaviors…………………………13
3.2.1 The influence of Culture on Leadership Behaviors.15
3. 3 Part III: Cultural Dimensions…………………………16
3.3.1 Cultural Dimensions based on Research conducted by Geert Hofsted.16
3.4 Summary of Literature Review....................................................21 3.5 Analytical Framework for Study.........21
4. BACKGROUND INFORMATION.........................23
4.1 Belize: Country Profile..................................................23
4.2 Taiwanese in Belize...................................................26
4.3 The Taiwanese Society: Culture and Leadership/Management Style...........32
4.4 The Belizean Society: Culture, Labor Force and Labor Relations...............35
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................39
5.1 Research Method................................39
5.2 Sampling Design................................40
5.3 Data Collection................................45
6. FINDINGS – PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA.....................48
6.1 Presentation of Findings related to each Research Question.........................49
6.1.1 Some Success factors of Taiwanese in Belize.....61
6. 2 Findings not related to Research Questions......63
6.3 Analysis of leadership style adopted by Taiwanese managers in Belize.......64
6.4 Summary of Findings...........................66
7. CONCLUSION................................68
7.1 Summary of Findings based on the Research Objectives.............................69
7. 2 Implications for Taiwanese Managers............71
8. RECOMMENDATIONS................................73
9. REFERENCES.....................................75
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure 1: Influence of Culture on Behavior (Adler, 2000)………………………12
Table 1: Summary of Hofstede’s Four- Dimensions of Cultural Model………. 20
Table 2: Short listing of Taiwanese companies in Belize ………………………. 31
Table 3: Hofstede’s Dimension of Culture scales – Taiwan ……………………..49
Table 4: Belize scales – Based on Hofstede’s Dimension of Culture ……………. 50
Adler, Nancy J (1997) “Culture and Management” International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviors (1997), South-Western College Publishing, 1-16
Adler, Nancy J (1997) “Hofstede's Dimensions of Difference” International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviors (1997), South-Western College Publishing.
Anant R Negandhi (1986) “Cross-cultural management research: Trend and future directions” Journal of International Business Studies (pre-1986); Fall 1983; 14, 000002;
Asia Times (2001): “A magnet for Southeast Asia”, 19 June 2001
BELTRAIDE website: (www.belizeinvest.org.bz)
Boehnke, Karen, Nick Bontis, Joseph J DiStefano, Andrea C DiStefano (2003) “Transformational leadership: An examination of cross-national differences and similarities” Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Bradford: 2003. Vol. 24, 1 - 11
Chang, Lieh-Ching(2002) “Cross-cultural differences in international management using Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck framework” Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge. Hollywood: Sep 2002. Vol. 2,
Chang, Lieh-Ching (2003) “An examination of cross-cultural negotiation: Using Hofstede framework” Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge. Hollywood: Mar 2003. Vol. 2
Chappell, Camille (2000) “A Look at Qualitative Research” Georgia State University, 2000
China News, Taipei, (1996)”Number of emigrants on the rise, figures show” Oct 21, 1996
Cray, David and Mallory, Geoffrey R (1998), Making Sense of Managing Culture, First Edition, International Thomson Business Press, 2-128
Daft, Richard L & Marcic, Dorothy (2001), Understanding Management, Third Edition, Harcourt College Publishers, USA, 295 -397
Daniels, John D and Raderbaugh, Lee H (2001) International Business Ninth Edition Preston Hall: 735-765
Dickson, Marcus W, Deanne N Den Hartog, Jacqueline K Mitchelson (2003) “Research on leadership in a cross-cultural context: Making progress, and raising new questions” Leadership Quarterly. Greenwich: Dec 2003. Vol. 14
Digh, Robert & Rosen, Robert (2001) “Developing globally literate leaders” T + D. Alexandria: May 2001. Vol. 55
Geert Hofstede's Homepage http://spitswww.uvt.nl/web/iric/hofstede/index.htm
Hempel, Paul S & Chang, Daphne Ching-yen (2002) “Reconciling Traditional Chinese Management with High-Tech Taiwan” Human Resource Management Journal. London: 2002. Vol. 12: 77 - 95
Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind Revised Edition, McGraw Hill, London
International Cultural Enterprises, Inc: “Doing Business in Belize”
International Women’s Right Action Watch (1996): Country Report Belize, Nov 1996: 7
Kluckhohn, F.R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, III: Row, Peterson.
Mahony Stephen, (1996) “Fields of gold where workers are treated like dogs” The Struggle, 1996: 2
Manning, George & Curtis, Kent (2003) The Art of Leadership McGraw Hill, New York, 2003: 12
Pillai, Rajnandin, Scandura, Terri A Scandura, Ethlyn A Williams (1999) “Leadership and organizational justice: similarities and differences across cultures” Journal of International Business Studies v. 30 no4 (1999)
Saner, Raymond & Yui, Lichia (2000) “Challenges of the 21st Century for Leadership Qualifications: Reflections and Responses” Asian Journal of Public Administration (June 2000) Vol 2: 1- 11
Saner, Raymond & Yui, Lichia (1984) “Confucius Says Social Harmony More Important Than Performance” October 1984, Trairwig and Development Journal: 2 - 4
Silverthorne, Colin & Ting-Hsin Wang (2001) “Situational leadership style as a predictor of success and productivity among Taiwanese business organizations.” The Journal of Psychology. Provincetown: Jul 2001. Vol. 135: 399- 412
Tang, Thomas Li-Ping, Adrian Furnham, Grace Mei-Tzu Wu Davis (2003)“A cross cultural comparison of money ethic, the protestant work ethic, and job satisfaction: Taiwan, the USA, and the UK” International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior. Boca Raton: Summer 2003. Vol. 6
Tseng, Yen Fen (1995) “Beyond "Little Taipei": The development of Taiwanese immigrant businesses in Los Angeles” The International Migration Review. New York: Spring 1995. Vol. 29: 1 - 17
Westwood, Robert & Lok, Peter (2003) “The Meaning of Work in Chinese Contexts: A Comparative Study”. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management: CCM London: Aug 2003. Vol. 3
Winegardner, Karen E. (2001) “The Case Study Method of Scholarly Research” The Graduate School of America, 2001
U.S. Library of Congress: “Structure of the Belizean Society”
Yu, Hui-Chun & Miller, Peter (2003) “The generation gap and cultural influence - a Taiwan empirical investigation”. Cross Cultural management. Patrington: 2003. Vol. 10