蒯因(W.V. quine)在語言哲學的發展上 , 可說是當代一大重鎮. 他對傳

統上在一般經驗論者中 , 對分析與綜合(analytic-synthetic)語句的區

分以及證實說(verificationism)提出嚴厲的批判,這可算是語言哲學中的

一大轉變 . 他的整體論(holism), 理論之不可由經驗完全限定

(unederdetermination of experiences) , 物理主義(physicalism)

,自然主義(naturalism) , 翻譯的不確定性(indeteriminacy of

translation),指設的不可測度(inscrutability of references),存有學

的相對性(ontological relativity) 等理論 , 試圖以( 自然) 科學,

或說廣義物理理論作為我們對知識探求的基礎. 本文所要處理的問題是:

在翻譯的不確定性理論中, 蒯因所用的理論是什麼 ? 它是否有效而可以

成立 ? 其論證間是否各自獨立或有相互關係?

In the development of philosophy of language, Quine is a very

important philosopher. He criticized the traditional empiricism

for the analytic-synthetic division and verificationism, this

is an important milestone in the history of philosophy of

language. He exhausts the whole theory, like holism,

underdetermination of experiences ,physicalism, naturalized

epsitemology, indetermincy of translation, and inscrutability

of reference or ontological relativity, and so on. He tried to

use sciences or broader physics to be the base of our

researching for knowledge. The topic in this paper is about

"indeterminacy of translation", we want to know Quine's

arguments, the validity of these arguments, the relations

between these arguments, and potential questions of this

doctrine.

1. 方萬全，1991，〈第一人稱與翻譯的不確定說〉，《分析哲學與語言哲學論文集》，香港，中文大學(排印中)。
2. ───，1987，〈戴維森的意義理論與語意現象的解釋〉，《美國研究》六月，台北，中研院歐美所，頁1~35。
3. 涂紀亮(編譯)，1986，《語言哲學名著選讀》，北京，三聯。
4. 陳中人(譯)，1990，《從邏輯的觀點看》(原稿為W.V. Quine, Form a Logical Point of View)，台北，結構群。
5. 黃宣範，1983，《語言哲學》，台北，文鶴。

1.Bohnert, Herbert G. “Quine on Analyticity,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A.Sch-lipp(ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.49-72.
2.Boorse, Christopher “The Origins of the Indeterminacy Thesis.” Journal of Philosophy 72 (1975):PP.369-387.
3.Carnap, Rudolf “Semantics, Empiricism, and Ontology.” Revue Intern-ationale de Philosophie 11(1950): PP.208-228.
4.Chomsky, Noam “Quine’s Empirical Assumptions,” in D. Davidson and J. Hintikka (ed.), Words and Objections: Essays on the Work of W.V. Quine(Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 1969)PP. 53-68
5.Davidson, Donald “Radical Interpretation,” Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation(New York, Oxford, 1984)PP.125-141.
6.────”Truth and Meaning,” Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation(New York, Orford, 1984)PP.17-36.
7.Field, Hatry “Tarski’s Theory of Truth.” Journal of Philosopy 69(1972)PP.347-375.
8.Follesal, Dagfinn “Essentialism and Reference,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp(ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.97-113.
9.────”indeterminacy and Mental States,” in R.B. Barrett and R.F. Gibson(ed.), Perspectives on Quine(Cambridge,Mass.:Basil Blackwell, 1990)PP.98-109.
10.────”Indeterminacy of Translation and Underdetermina-tion for the Theory of Nature.” Dialectica 27(1973) PP.289-301.

11.Frege, Gottlob “On Sense and Meaning,” in B. McGuinness(ed.), Col-lected Papers on Mathmatics, Logic, and Philosophy(Oxford, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984)PP.157-177.
12.Gemes, Ken “The Indeterminacy Thesis Reformulated.” Journal of Philosophy88 (1991)PP.91-108.
13.Gibson, Roger F., Jr. “Indeterminacy, Underdetermination, and Facts of the Matter,” Enlightened Empiricism(Tampa, Florida: Univer-sity of South Florida, 1988)PP.102-131.
14.Grice, Paul and Peter F. Strawson “In Defense of a Dogma,” in James F. Harris, Jr. and Richard H. Severens (ed.), Analyicity (Chicago, IL: Quadrangle Books, 1970)PP.54-74.
15.Grice, Paul “Further Notes on Logic and Conversation,” Studies in the Way of Words(Cambridge, Mass.: Havard University, 1989) PP.41-57.
16.Harman, Gilbert “Quine’s Grammar,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp(ed.), The Philosophy of W.V.Quine(La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.165-180.
17.Hookway, Christopher Quine: Language, Experience and Reality (Oxford, New York: Polity, 1988).
18.Jaggar, Alison “On One of the Reasons for the Indeterminacy of Translation.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 34(1973), PP.257-265.
19.Kirk, Robert Translation Determined(Oxford, New York: Clanendon, 1986).
20.Nozick, Robert “Experience, Theory, and Language,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp (ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. QUine(La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.339-363.
21.Putnam, Hilary “Meaning Holism,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp (ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)pp. 405-426.
22.────”Is Semantics Possible?” in H.E.Kieferand M.K.Munitz (ed.), Language, Belief, and Metaphysics(Albay: State Univer-sity of New York, 1970) pp.50-63.
23.────”The Refutation of Conventionalism,” Mind, Language and Reality(London: Cambridge University, 1975).
24.Quine, Willard van Orman “Comment on Follesdal, “in R.B. Barrett and R.F. Gibson (ed.), Perspectives on Quine(Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell, 1990)P.110.
25.────”Comment on Stroud,” in R.B. Barrett and R.F. Gibson (ed.), Perspectives on Quine (Cambridge, Mass: Basil Blackwell, 1990)PP.334-335.
26.────”Five Milestones of Empiricism,” in Theories and Things(Cambridge, Mass.: Havard niversity, 1981)PP.67-72.
27.────”On Empirically Equivalent System of the World.” Erkenntnis9(1975)PP.313-328.
28.────”On the Reasons for the Indeterminacy of Translation.” Journal of Philosophy67(1970)PP.178-183.
29.────Ontological Relativity and Other Essays(New York: Columbia Univesity,1969).
30.────”On What There Is,” in From a Logical Point of View 2d.(Cambridge, Mass.: Havard University, 1980)PP.1-19.
31.────”Relativism and Absolutism.” Monist67(1984)PP.293-296.
32.────”Reply to Dagfinn Follesdal,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp (ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.114-116.
33.────”Reply to Gilbert Harman,” in L.E. Hahn and P. A. Schlipp (ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open court, 1986)PP.181=188.
34.────”Reply to Herbert G. Bohnert.” In L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp (ed.), The Philosoply of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open court, 1986)PP.93-96.
35.────”Reply to Hilary Putnam,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp(ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.427-432.
36.────”Reply to Paul A. Roth,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp(ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.459-462.
37.────”Reply to Robert Nozick,” in L.E. Hahn and P. A. Schlipp (ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.364-368.
38.────”Reply to Roger F. Gibson, Jr.,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp(ed.), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Sall e, IL: Open Court, 1986)PP.155-158.
39.────”Things and Their Place in Theories,” in Theories and Things (Cambridge, Mass. : Havard University,1981)PP.1~23.
40.────”Two Dogmas of Empiricism” in From a Logi-cal Point of View 2d, (Cambridge, Mass.: Havard University, 1980)PP. 20-46.
41.────Word and Object(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, 1960).
42.Rorty, Richard “Indeterminacy of Translation and of Truth”, Synthese 23(1972) PP.443-462.
43.Roth, Paul “Semantics without Foundations,” in L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp(ed), The Philosophy of W.V. Quine(La Salle, IL: Open Court. 1986)PP.433-458.
44.Stroud, Barry “Quine’s Physicalism,” in R.B. Barrett and R.F. Gibson (ed.), Perspectives on Quine(Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell,1990)PP.321-333.
45.White, Morton G. “Analytic and Synthetic: an Untenable Dualism,” in J. F. Harris and R. H. Severens(ed.), Analyticity(Chicago, IL: Quad-rangle Books, 1970)PP.75-91.
46.Zabludowski, Andrzej “On Ouine’s Indeterminacy Doctrine.” Philosophical Review98(1989)PP.35-63.