本文所謂的組織設計（organization design or organizational design）意指在組織中結構因素（structural factor）的安排，包括基本的結構形式與運作機能。
向來有關組織設計的理論，一直有兩派相衝突的看法，傳統學派主張機械式的（mechanistic）組織形式，人群關係學派主張有機式的（organic）組織形式；但是，各自都認為已建立了唯一最佳的途徑（one best way），已找到了最後的答案（final answer）。然而晚近在組織設計的研究上，卻發展出一種權變理論（contingency theory），認為並沒有單一種最佳的組織方式，傳統的理論或可應用，而人群關係的理論亦非萬應靈丹，必須視組織所處的情境（situation）而定。
權變理論係從一般系統理論中所衍生出來的一種槪念架構（conceptual framework）或思考方式，視組織為一開放系統（open system），與環境發生動態的互動關係，同時組織內各次級系統（subsystems）之間又是相互依存的。本文視組織設計為結構因素的安排，乃屬於組織的一個次級系統，此一次級系統與環境的超級系統（suprasystem）、技術的次級系統與人員的次級系統發生互動關係。組織設計的權變理論乃試圖找出組織的結構因素與環境的性質、技術的類型、人員的特質之間的關係模式，並建立通則，形成理論，以為管理實務上的參考。
本文以組織設計的權變理論（A contingency Theory of Organization Design）為題，卽以此為分析架構來整理有關權變研究的發現，全文共分五章、十九節，八萬餘言，各章要旨如下：
第一章是緒論。首先說明組織設計的意義，並檢討以往各學派的缺失，以導向本文的主題；然後從方法論上對權變理論作一般性的分析，並提出組織設計的權變模型，以為本文的分析架構；最後申述本文的研究動機。
第二章是環境變項與組織設計。先說明環境的意義與性質，再擧出有關環境與組織設計的實證研究和論點，並根據一個權變模型來申論環境與組織設計間之關係，最後從理論上和方法論上提出檢討。
第三章是技術變項與組織設計。先說明技術的意義與類型，然後將技術分為操作技術以及材料技術與知識技術兩節來討論，並提出有關的研究和論點，最後從理論上和方法論上提出檢討。
第四章是人員特質變項與組織設計。先從動機理論與人性假定以及人格傾向等方面來說明人員特質的涵義，然後分別討論人性理論、人格傾向與組織設計間之關係，最後從理論上與方法論上提出檢討。
第五章是結論。從理論上的意義、實務上的應用與方法論上的評估等三方面對本文的分析作綜合性的說明，期能對組織設計的權變理論有全盤的瞭解。
組織設計的權變理論為一門新興之學問，所涵蓋的範圍相當龐雜，英美學者皆祇就少數變項提出討論，筆者不惴洩陋，冒然從事全面整理之工作，致生闕漏乖誤，眼高手低之弊，此為筆者所耿耿於懷者，敬祈師長前輩嚴予指正，藉匡不逮。
本文撰寫期間，承蒙張師潤書悉心指導，詳定章節；初稿完成之時，逐字斧正，去蕪存菁；師教鴻恩，謹銘肺腑。呂師春沂、華師力進、朱師堅章、傅師宗懋、吳老師定、彭師文賢及陳師義彥殷殷垂詢，或提供寶貴意見，或頻加督促。又得陳明璋學長切磋討論，蘇文流同學潤飾譯稿，吳榮宗室友相互勉勵，蔡慧珠同學謄稿校對。雙親、家兄，自始資助。師恩、友誼、親情，無任感激，謹在此致最誠摯之謝意!

壹、中文部份
一、書籍
1.林錦勝譯，麥克葛羅（Douglas McGregor）原著，企業的人性面（台北：協志工業叢書出版公司，民國58年）。
2.張潤書，行政學（台北：三民書局，民國65年）。
3.彭文賢，權變研究級的組織設計之分析（台北：中央研究院三民主義研究所，民國66年）。
4.路君約等著，心理學（台北：中國行為科學社，民國61年）。
5.雷飛龍譯，賽蒙等人（Herbert A. Simon, et al.）原著，行政學（台北：正中書局，民國49年）。

二、期刊與論文
1.吳定，「系統分析與管理思想之新趨勢」，新時代，第16卷，第3期（民國65年3月），頁36-39。
2.吳定，「行政組織與管理理論之新發展」，新時代，第16卷，第9期（民國65年9月），
頁40-44。
3.吳定，「簡介組織發展理論」，自由青年，第59卷，第5期（民國67年5月），頁51-55。4.吳定，「組織與管理」，政大公企中心教材（民國67年2月），頁1-9。
5.郭俊次，「行政機關組織設計之研究（上、中、下）」，國立政治大學政治研究所未刊博士論文，民國66年。
6.黃商戊，「專案組織之研究」，國立政治大學公共行政研究所未刊碩士論文，民國67年。
7.張麗娟，「動機與滿足理論之研究——對我國行政機關人員的調查分析」，國立政治大學公共行政研究所未刊碩士論文，民國67年。
8.彭文賢，「瑪士羅（A. H. Maslow）的動機理論及其運用」，憲政評論，第2卷，第3期（民國60年3月），頁17-21。
9.彭文賢，「系統研究法的組織理論之分析」，國立政治大學政治研究所未刊博士論文，民國65年。
10.彭文賢，「組織的原理與功效闡微」，中央日報（民國67年8月7日，第11版）。
11.謝相慶，「瑪克斯˙韋伯的官僚理型及其評估」，國立政治大學政治學會會刊，第23期（民國66年），頁48-56。
12.謝相慶，「有效的權變領導」，現代管理月刊，第19期（民國67年9月），頁45-48。貳、英文部份

一、Books
1. Albrow, Martin, Bureaucracy (London: Pall Mall Press,1970).
2. Azumi, Koya, & Jerald Hage, Organizational Systems (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath & Co., 1972).
3. Baker, Frank, Organizational Systems: General Systems Approaches to Complex Organizations (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1973).
4. Barnard, Chester I., The Functions of the Executive (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938).
5. Blau, Peter M., & W. Richard Scott, Formal Organizations (San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co., 1962).
6. ___________, & Richard A. Schoenherr, The Structure of Organizations (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1971).
7. Burns, Tom, & G. M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation (London: Tavistock Publications, 1961).
8. Carlisle, Howard, Situational Management (New York: American Management Association, 1973).
9. Chandler, A., Strategy and Structure (Cambridge, Mass.: The M. I. T. Press, 1962).
10. Clark, Peter A., Organizational Design: Theory and Practice (London: Tavistock Publications, 1972).
11. Dessler, Gary, Organization and Management: A Contingency Approach (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976).
12. Etzioni, Amitai, Modern Organizations (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1964).
13. Fiedler, F. E., A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1967).
14. Filley, Alanc, Robert J, House, & Steven Kerr, Managerial Process and Organizational Behavior, 2nd ed. (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman & Co., 1976).
15. French, Wendell, The Personnel Management Process: Human Resources Administration, 3rd ed. (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974).
16. Galbraith, Jay, R., Organization Design (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1977).
17. Gibson, James L., John M. Ivancevich, & James H. Donnelly, Jr., Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Process, rev, ed. (Dallas, Texas: Business Publications, Inc., 1976).
18. Hall, Richard H., Organizations: Structure and Process, 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977).
19. Hellriegel, Don, & John W. Slocum, Jr., Management: A Contingency Approach (Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley, 1974).
20. _____________ & __________________, Organizational Behavior: Contingency Views (West Publishing Co., 1976).
21. Herzberg, F., Work and the Nature of Man (Cleveland: The World Publishing Co., 1966).
22. Hicks, Herbert G., & C. Ray Gullett, Organizations: Theory and Behavior (McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975).
23. Hostiuck, K. Tim, Contemporary Organizations: An Introductory Approach (Morristown, New Jersey: General Learning Press, 1974).
24. Huse, Edgar F., Organization Development and Change (West Publishing Co., 1975).
25. _____________ & James L. Bowditch, Behavior in Organizations: A Systems Approach to Management, 2nd ed. (Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1977).
26. Ivancevich, John M., Andrew D. Szilagyi, Jr., Marc J. Wallace, Jr., Organizational Behavior and Performance (Santa Monica, Calif. : Goodyear Publishing Co., Inc., 1977).
27. Jackson, John H., & Cyril P. Morgan, Organization Theory: A Macro Perspective for Management (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978).
28. Kast, F. E., & J. E. Rosenzweig, Contingency Views of Organization and Management (Chicago: Science Research Associates, Inc., 1973).
29. ___________ & ___________, Organization and Management: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974).
30. Katz, Daniel, & Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology, of Organizations (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1966).
31. Lawrence, Paul R., & Jay W, Lorsch, Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration (Boston: Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, 1967).
32. Likert, Rensis, The Human Organization (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1967).
33. Lorsch, Jay W., & Paul R. Lawrence (eds.), Studies in Organization Design (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin & Dorsey Process, 1970).
34. __________ & ___________, Organization Planning: Cases and Concepts (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., & The Dorsey Process, 1972).
35. __________ & John J. Morse, Organizations and their Members: A Contingency Approach (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., 1974).
36. Luthans, F., Introduction to Management: A Contingency Approach (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1976).
37. Maddi, Salvatore R., Personality Theories: A Comparative Analysis (Homewood, Ill.: The Dorsey Press, 1968).
38. March, James G., & Herbert A Simon, Organizations (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1958).
39. Maurer, John G., Reading in Organization Theory: Open- System Approaches (New York: Random House, Inc., 1971).
40. McGregor, Douglas, The Human Side of Enterprise (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1960).
41. Negandhi, Anant R. (ed.), Modern Organizational Theory: Contextual, Environmental, and Socio-Cultural Variables (Kent State University: Center for Business & Economic Research, 1973).
42. Newman, Derek, Organization Design (London: Edward Arnold Ltd., 1973).
43. Newstrom, John W., W. E. Reif, & R. M. Monczka (eds.), A Contingency Approach to Management: Readings (McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1975).
44. Perrow, Charles, Organizational Analysis: A Sociological View (London: Tavistock Publications, 1970).
45. Porter, Lyman W., Edward E. Lawler III, & J. Richard Hackman, Behavior in Organizations (New York: McGraw- Hill, Inc., 1975).
46. Price, James L., Organizational Effectiveness: An Inventory of Propositions (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1968).
47. Scott, William G., & Terrence R. Mitchell, Organization Theory: A Structural and Behavioral Analysis, 3rd ed0 (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1976)
48. Selznick, Philip, TVA and the Grass Roots (California: University of California Press, 1949).
49. Sherman, Harvey, It All Depends: A Pragmatic Approach to Organization (Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1966).
50. Silverman, David, The Theory of Organizations (New York: Basic Books, 1971).
51. Simon, Herbert A., Administrative Behavior, 3rd ed. (New York: Macmillan Co., 1976).
52. Steers, Richard M., Organizational Effectiveness: A Behavioral View (Santa Monica, California: Goodyear Publishing Co., Inc., 1977).
53. Thompson, James D. (ed.), Organizational Design and Research: Approaches to Organizational Design (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1966).
54. __________, Organizations in Action (New York: McGraw- Hill Book Co., 1967).
55. Tosi, Henry L., & W. Clay Hamner, Organizational Behavior and Management: A Contingency Approach, rev, ed. (st. Clair Press, 1977).
56. Vroom, V. H., Work and Motivation (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1967).
57. Webber, Ross A., Management: Basic Elements of Managing Organizations (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1975).
58. Weber, Max, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, A. M. Henderson & T. Parsons (trans.) (New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1947).
59. Wieland, George F., & Robert A. Ullrich, Organizations: Behavior, Design, and Change (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1976).
60. Woodward, Joan, Management and Technology (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1958).
61. ___________, Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice (London: Oxford University Press, 1965).
62. ___________ (ed.), Industrial Organization: Behavior and Control (London: Oxford University Press, 1970).

二、Articles
1. Aldrich, Howard E., “Technology and Organizational Structure: A Reexamination of the Findings of the Aston Group,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.17 (1972), pp.26-43.
2. Bertalanffy, Ludwig von, "The History and Status of General System Theory," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.15, No.4 (Dec.1972), pp.411-468.
3. Blau, Peter M., “A Formal Theory of Differentiation in Organizations,” American Sociological Review, Vol.35, No.2 (April 1970), pp.201-218.
4. __________ , “The Comparative Study of Organizations, ” in P. M. Blau, On the Nature of Organizations (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1974), pp.110-128.
5. __________, C. M. Fabbe, W. McKinley, & P. K. Tracy, “Technology and Organization in Manufacturing,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.21 (1976), pp.20-30.
6. Boulding, Kenneth E., “General Systems Theory: The Skeleton of Science,” Management Science, Vol.2, No.3 (April 1956), pp.197-208.
7. Child, John, & Roger Mansfied, “Technology, Size and Organization Structure,” Sociology, Vol.6 (1972), pp.369-393.
8. ____________, “Organization Structure and Strategies of Control: A Replication of the Aston Study,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.17 (1972), pp163-177.
9. ____________, “Predicting and Understanding Organization Structure,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.18 (1973), pp.168-185.
10. ___________, “What Determines Organization Performance? The Universals vs. The It All Depends,” in Henery L. Tosi (ed.), Readings in Management: Contingencies, Structure, and Process (Chicago, Ill.: St. Clair Press, 1976), pp.94-111.
11. Davis, Keith, “Trends in Organizational Design,” Proceedings Academy of Management, 33rd Annual Meeting, Boston, Mass., August, 1973, pp.1-6.
12. Dewar, Robert, & Jerald Hage, “Size, Technology, Complexity, and Structural Differentiation: Toward A Theoretical Synthesis,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.23, No.1 (March 1978), pp.111-136.
13. Dill, William R., “Environment as an Influence on Managerial Autonomy,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.2, No.4 (March 1958), pp.409-443.
14. Downey, H. Kirk, Don Hellriegel, & John W. Slocum, Jr., “Environmental Uncertainty: The Construct and Its Application,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.20 (Dec.1975), pp.613-629,
15. Duncan, Robert B., “Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.17 (Sep.1972), pp.313-327.
16. Emery, F. E., & B. L. Trist, “Causal Texture of Organizational Environment,” Human Relations, Vol.18 (Feb. 1965), pp.21-32.
17. Evan, William M., “The Organization-Set: Toward A Theory of Interorganizational Relations,” in J. D. Thompson (ed.), Organizational Design and Research (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1966), pp.175-191.
18. Ford, Jeffrey D., & John W, Slocum, Jr., “Size, Technology, Environment and the Structure of Organizations,” Academy of Management Review (Oct. 1977), pp.561-575.
19. Galbraith, Jay R., “Matrix Organization Designs: How to Combine Functional and Project Forms, ” Business Horizons, Vol.14, No.1 (Feb. 1971), pp.29-40.
20. Gouldner, Alvin, “Organizational Analysis,” in Robert K. Merton, Leonard Broom, & Leonard S. Cottroll, Jr. (eds.), Sociology Today (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1958), pp.404-406.
21. Grimes, A. J., & S. M. Klein, “The Technological Imperative: The Relative Impact of Task Unit, Model Technology, and Hierarchy on Structure,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.16 (Dec. 1973), pp.583-597.
22. Hage, Jerald, & Michael Aiken, “Relationship of Centralization to Other Structural Properties,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.12, No.1 (June 1967), pp.72-92.
23. ___________ & ___________, “Routine Technology, Social Structure, and Organizational Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.14 (Sep. 1969), pp.366-376.
24. Harvey, Edward, “Technology and the Structure of Organizations,” American Sociological Review, Vol.33, No.2 (April 1968), pp247-259.
25. Hellriegel, Don, & John W. Slocum, Jr., “Organizational Design: A Contingency Approach,” Business Horizons, Vol.16, No.2 (April 1973), pp.59-68.
26. Hickson, David J., D. S. Pugh, & Diana C. Pheysey, “Operations Technology and Organization Structure: An Empirical Reappraisal,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.14 (1969), pp.378-398.
27. _________, C. R. Hinings, C. J. McMillian, & J. P. Schwitter, “The Culture-Free Context of Organization Structure: A Tri-National Comparison,” Sociology, Vol.8, No.1 (Jan. 1974), pp.59-800
28. Mitt, Michael A., “Technology: An Intervening Variable in the Relationship Between Organizational Climate and Work-Unit Effectiveness,” Proceedings Academy of Management, 35th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, August, 1975.
29. House, R. J, & S. Kerr, “Organizational Independence, Leader Behavior, and Managerial Practices: A Replicated Study,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.58 (1973), pp. 173-180.
30. Hower, Ralph M., & Jay Lorsch, “Organizational Inputs,” in John Seiler, System Analysis in Organizational Behavior (Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press, 1967), pp157-176.
31. Kast, F. E. & J. E. Rosengweig, “General Systems Theory: Applications for Organization and Management,” Academy of Management Journal (Dec. 1972), pp.447-465.
32. Khandwalla, Pradip N., “Mass Output Orientation of Operations Technology and Organization Structure,” Administrative Science Quarter, Vol.19 (March 1974), pp.74-97.
33. Korman, Abraham K., “Applications of Management Theory: A Review o the Empirical Literature and A New Direction,” Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, 1972, pp. 170-173.
34. __________, “On the Development of Contingency Theories of Leadership: Some Methodological Considerations and A Possible Alternative,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.58, No.3(1973), pp.384-387.
35. Kotter, John P., “Organization Design,” in Paul R, Lawrence, Louis B, Barnes, & Jay W, Lorsch, Organizational Behavior and Administration: Cases and Reading (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1976), pp.481-501.
36. Lawrence, Paul R., & Jay W. Lorsch, “Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.12 (June 1967), pp.1-47.
37. ___________ & __________, “New Management Job: The Integrator,” Harvard Business Review, Vol.45, No.6 (Nov./Dec. 1967), pp.142-151.
38. ___________ , “Technical Inputs,” in J. Seiler (ed.) Systems Analysis in Organizational Behavior (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin & the Dorsey Press, 1967), pp. 133- 143.
39. ___________ & J. W. Lorsch, “A Reply to Tosi, Aldag, and Storey,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.18 (1973), 397-398.
40. Lorsch, Jay W., “Introduction to the Structural Design of Organization,” in Gene W. Dalton, Paul R. Lawrence, & Jay W. Lorsch (eds.), Organizational Structure and Design (Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1970), pp.1-16.
41.__________, “Environment, Organization, and the Individual. “in Anant R. Negandhi, Modern Organizational Theory (The Kent State University Press, 1973), pp.132-144.
42. Luthans, Fred, “The Contingency Theory of Management: A Path Out of the Jungle,” Business Horizons, Vol.16, No.3 (June 1973), pp.67-72.
43. __________ & Todd I. Stewart, “A General Contingency Theory of Management,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.2, No.2 (April 1977), pp.181-195.
44. McCaskey, Michael B., “An Introduction to Organizational Design,” in Henery L. Tosi (ed.), Readings in Management: Contingencies. Structure, and Process (Chicago, Ill.: St. Clair Press, 1976), pp.82-94.
45. Morton, Robert K., “Bureaucratic Structure and Personality,” in R. K. Merton, et al. (eds.), Reader in Bureaucracy (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1960), pp,361-371.
46. Moberg, Dennis J., & James L. Koch, “A Critical Appraisal of Integrated Treatments of Contingency Findings,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.18, No.1 (March 1975), pp.109-123.
47. Mockler, J., “Situational Theory of Management,” Harvard Business Review, Vol.49, No.3 (May-June 1971), pp.146-151, 154-155.
48. Mohoney, Thomas A., & Peter J. Frost, “The Role of Technology in Models of Organizational Effectiveness,” Organizational Behavior and Human Development,. Vol.11
(1974), pp.122-138.
49. Mohr, Lawrence B., “Operations Technology and Organizational Structure,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.16 (Dec. 1971), pp.444-459.
50. Montanan, John R. “An Expanded Theory of Structural Determination: An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Managerial Discretion on Organizational Structure,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, 1976.
51. Morse, John J., & Jay W. Lorsch, “Beyond Theory Y,” Harvard Business Review (May-June, 1970), pp.61-68.
52. ___________, “Organizational Characteristics and Individual Motivation,” in F, E. Kast & J. E. Rosenzweog, Contingency Views of Organization and Management (Chicago: Science Research Associations, Inc., 1973), pp.213-228.
53. Negandhi, Anant R., & Bernard C. Reiman, “Correlates of Decentralization: Closed and Open Systems Perspective,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.16 (Dec. 1973), pp.570-582.
54. __________, Systems Theory and Organization Theory: A Mid-Rang Approach,” in Arlyn J. Melcher, General Systems and Organization Theory: Methodological Aspects (Kent State Univ.: Center for Business & Economic Research, 1975), pp.117-120.
55. Ouchi, William G., & Reuben T. Harris, “Structure, Technology, and Environment,” in George Strauss, Raymond E. Miles, Charles C. Snow, & Arnold S. Tannenbaum (eds.), Organizational Behavior: Research and Issues (Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., Inc., 1976), pp.107-140.
56. Pennings, Johannes M., “The Relevance of the Structural Contingency Model for Organizational Effectiveness,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.20 (Sep. 1975), pp. 393-407.
57. Perrow, Charles, “A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Organizations,” American Sociological Review (April 1967), pp.194-208.
58. Pfeffer, Jeffrey, “Size and Composition of Corporate Boards of Directors: The Organization and It Environment,” Administrative Science Quarter, Vol.17 (June 1972), pp. 218-228.
59. ___________, “Size, Composition, and Function of Hospital Boards of Directors: A Study of Organization-Environment Linkage,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.18(Sep. 1973), pp.349-364.
60. Reeves, T. K. & J. Woodward, “The Study of Managerial Control,” in Joan Woodward (ed.), Industrial Organization: Behavior and Control (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1970), pp.18-56.
61. Sathe, Vijay, “Institutional Versus Questionnaire Measures of Organizational Structure,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 21, No.2 (1978), pp.227-228.
62. Schollhammer, Hans, “Organization Structures of Multinational Corporations,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.14, No.3 (Sep. 1971), pp.345-365.
63. Shetty, Y. K., & Howard M. Carlisle, “A Contingency of Model of Organization Design,” California Management Review, Vol.15, No.1 (1972), pp.38-45.
64. Stanfield, Gary G., “Technology and Organization Structure as Theoretical Categories,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.21, No.3 (Sept 1976), pp.489- 493.
65. Terreberry, Shirley, “The Evolution of Organizational Environments,” Administration Science Quarterly (March 1968), pp.590-613.
66. Tosi, H., R. Aldag, & R. Storey, “On the Measurement of the Environment: An Assessment of the Lawrence and Lorsch Environmental Uncertainty Subscales,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.18 (1973), pp.27-36.
67. Van de Ven, Andrew H., & Andre L. Debecq, ”Design Variations within Organizations,” Academy of Management Proceeding, 33rd Annual Meeting, Boston, August, 1973, pp.483-489.
68. Vroom, V. H. ”Some Personality Determinants of Participation,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol.59 (1959), pp.322-327.
69. Weber, Max, ”Bureaucracy, ” in Hans H. Gerth & C. Wright Mills (trans. & ed.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (London: Oxford University Press, 1946), pp.196-230.