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研究生： 蘇孟瑜
Su, Meng Yu
論文名稱： 國際婦女勞動參與之研究
The Study of International Female Labor Force Participation
指導教授： 黃仁德
Hwang, Jen Te
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 社會科學學院 - 臺灣研究英語碩士學程(IMTS)
The International Master's Program in Taiwan Studies (IMTS)
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 116
中文關鍵詞： 婦女勞動參與
外文關鍵詞： Female Labor Force Participation
相關次數： 點閱：102  下載：109 
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    • In tandem with the economic development in Taiwan, female participation in the labor market has been growing. In 1980, female labor force participation rate in Taiwan was only 39.25% but it increased about 10 percentage points in the following 27 years, rising to 49.44% in 2007. Compared with advanced countries in the OECD, female labor force participation in Taiwan still has a long way to go.
    This research draws on past patterns in Taiwan and OECD member countries to understand the development of international female labor force participation. The purposes of this study are to understand the trend of female labor force participation in OECD countries and in Taiwan, and to know the impact of the new economy and atypical work on female labor force participation.
    From this study, it is obvious that internationally female labor force participation has grown from 1980 to 2006. By age groups, it indicates that the highest female labor force participation rate in OECD countries was in the age group of 40-44 while in Taiwan it was in the age group of 25-29. By the level of educational attainment, it brings out that education has improved female labor force participation since the highest female labor force participation rates were in the group of tertiary education in OECD countries, as well as in Taiwan. By sector and occupation, the statistics show that more and more females are employed in the service sector, working as service workers and sales workers. Moreover, the knowledge-based economy and the atypical jobs have lowered the entry barriers of labor market for females and have improved female labor force participation.

    Chapter 1 Introduction 1
    1.1 The Motive and Purpose of the Study 1
    1.2 The Major Issue and the Background 2
    1.3 Research Framework 5
    1.4 Research Methods and Procedures 5
    Chapter 2 Literature Review 7
    2.1 Personal Factors 7
    2.1.1 Work Motivation Theory 7
    2.1.2 Human Capital and Opportunity Cost Theory 8
    2.2 Family Factors 10
    2.2.1 Theory of the Allocation of Time 11
    2.2.2 Family Life Cycle Theory 11
    2.3 Social Factors 13
    2.4 Economic Factors 15
    2.4.1 Additional worker Effect 15
    2.4.2 Discouraged-worker Effect 17
    2.5 Summary 18
    Chapter 3 The Trend of Female Labor Force Participation in OECD Countries 20
    3.1 Female Labor Force Participation 20
    3.1.1 Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Age Group 23
    3.1.2 Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Level of Educational Attainment 27
    3.2 Female Employment 30
    3.2.1 Female Employment by Sector 32
    3.2.2 Female Employment by Occupation 33
    3.3 Female Unemployment 35
    3.3.1 Female Unemployment Rate by Age Group 36
    3.3.2 Female Unemployment Rate by Level of Educational Attainment 39
    3.4 Summary 43
    Chapter 4 The Trend of Female Labor Force Participation in Taiwan 45
    4.1 Female Labor Force Participation 45
    4.1.1 Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Age Group………….......... 48
    4.1.2 Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Level of Educational Attainment 52
    4.1.3 Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Marital Status 54
    4.2 Female Employment 56
    4.2.1 Female Employment by Age Group 57
    4.2.2 Female Employment by Sector 59
    4.2.3 Female Employment by Occupation 62
    4.3 Female Unemployment 66
    4.3.1 Female Unemployment Rate by Age Group 68
    4.3.2 Female Unemployment Rate by Level of Educational Attainment 68
    4.3.3 Female Unemployment by Marital Status 73
    4.3.4 Female Unemployment by Reasons 73
    4.4 Summary 74
    Chapter 5 The Impact of New Economy on Female Labor Force Participation 78
    5.1 Knowledge-based Economy and Female Labor Force Participation ……. 78
    5.1.1 Knowledge-based Economy 78
    5.1.2 The Influence to Female Labor Force Participation 81
    5.2 Part-time Work and Female Labor Force Participation 83
    5.3 Dispatched Work and Female Labor Force Participation 87
    5.3.1 The Development of Dispatched Work 88
    5.3.2 The Characteristics of Dispatched Work 90
    5.4 Summary 94
    Chapter 6 Conclusions and Policy Recommendation 96
    6.1 Research Conclusions 96
    6.2 Policy Recommendations 100
    References 110
    Appendix 1: Distribution of Employed Females by Sector in OECD Member Countries—1995-2006…………………………………………………..103
    Appendix 2: International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) 108


    Table List

    Table 1-1: Labor Force Participation Rate in Taiwan—1980-2007……..………………4
    Table 3-1: Labor Force Population and Labor Force Participation Rate in OECD Countries—1980-2006 21
    Table 3-2: Female Labor Force Participation Rate in OECD Countries—1995-2006 24
    Table 3-3: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Age in OECD Countries—1980-2006 ……………………………………………………..27
    Table 3-4: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Level of Educational Attainment in OECD Countries—1991-2005…………………………………………... 28
    Table 3-5: Female Employment -to-Population Ratio in OECD Countries— 1980-2006…………………………………………………………………...32
    Table 3-6: Male and Female Unemployment Rate in OECD Countries—1980-2006 38
    Table 3-7: Female Unemployment Rate by Age in OECD Countries—1980-2006 40
    Table 3-8: Male Unemployment Rate by Age in OECD Countries—1980-2006 41
    Table 3-9: Female Unemployment Rate by Level of Educational Attainment in OECD Countries—1991-2005 42
    Table 4-1: Labor Force Population and Participation Rate in Taiwan—1995-2007 46
    Table 4-2: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Age in Taiwan — 1980-2007 49
    Table 4-3: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Level of Educational Attainment in Taiwan— 1980-2007 53
    Table 4-4: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Marital Status in Taiwan —1980-2007 55
    Table 4-5: The Proportion of Female Employment by Age in Taiwan—1980-2007 58
    Table 4-6: Female and Male Employment by Sector in Taiwan—1980-2007........….... 62
    Table 4-7: The Distribution of Female Employment by Occupation in Taiwan—1980-2007 64
    Table 4-8: The Distribution of Male Employment by Occupation in Taiwan— 1980-2007 65
    Table 4-9: Unemployment Rate in Taiwan—1980-2007 68
    Table 4-10: Female Unemployment Rate by Age in Taiwan— 1980-2007 69
    Table 4-11: Female Unemployment Rate by Level of Educational Attainment in Taiwan —1980-2007 72
    Table 4-12: Female Unemployment by Reasons in Taiwan—1980-2007 75
    Table 5-1: The Percentage of Part-time Worker in Total Employment in Main Countries—2006.........................................................................…………....85

    Figures List

    Figure 3-1: Labor Force Population in OECD Countries—1980-2006 22
    Figure 3-2: Labor Force Participation Rate in OECD Countries—1980-2006 22
    Figure 3-3: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Level of Educational Attainment in OECD Countries—1991-2005 29
    Figure 3-4: Male and Female Unemployment Rate in OECD Countries—1980-2006 37
    Figure 4-1: Labor Force Populations in Taiwan—1995-2007 47
    Figure 4-2: Labor Force Participation Rate in Taiwan—1995-2007 47
    Figure 4-3: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Age Group in Taiwan 50
    Figure 4-4: Female Labor Force Participation Rate by Age in OECD Area and in Taiwan in 2006 51
    Figure 4-5: The Proportion of Female Employment by Age Groups in Taiwan 59
    Figure 4-6: Female Unemployment Rate by Level of Educational Attainment in Taiwan 70
    Figure 5-1: The Population of Temporary Agency Worker in Japan 89

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