本論文聚焦於王肯堂（ 1549 － 1613）的知識與思想世界，以王肯堂為主，特別措意明末時期的知識人如何認識世界與自我這個問題。 王肯堂能夠聯合似乎無關的思想領域聯繫起來，比如：醫學， 意識哲學（唯識學）， 法律，耶穌會傳入的西學， 書法，詩歌理論， 倫理學等。 我論文以王肯堂對於「認識到世界」的理解為軸，以他如何探討視覺以及眼識為主要議題。 對王肯堂而言，人如何認識外世界、透過哪一些方法得到相關外在世界的知識，這個問題對他而言顯得十分重要，故此在他的著作裡，頻頻以哲學角度或 從醫學角度 或從西方傳入科學的角度來討論這些問題。

The dissertation centers on the figure of Wang Kentang - an outstanding late Ming scholar-official and polymath who contributed to the many fields of knowledge: Chinese medicine, Ming law, Buddhist studies, calligraphy, classical Confucian commentaries, and even the adaptation and spread of Western knowledge. The Late Ming intellectual landscape was a complex fusion of different intellectual trends, as late Ming literati frequently transcended the categories of classical Confucian rationalism. The social and cultural changes that late Ming society faced shaped literati’s quest for knowledge and tested the boundaries of a Confucian scholar, allowing him to adopt new socio-intellectual identities.
Wang Kentang has not yet received sufficient attention from modern scholarship, despite being a promising object for research. Even the fact that Kentang was officially recognized in the History of Ming (Ming shi 明史) as an outstanding physician and his rich textual legacy in this field did not sufficiently stimulate academic research of his medical thought.
The general leitmotif of the thesis is to understand the way late Ming literati thought of acquiring knowledge of the surrounding world, primarily through visual perception, how they envisioned the epistemological means and conditions for producing valid knowledge, and how these epistemological ideas were put into practice in the life and writings of such exemplary "man of époque" as Wang Kentang. To understand the way Wang Kentang (and late Ming literati in general) theorized on the means of knowing and perceiving the world and the way it influenced his "epistemological quest," I have chosen several 'intellectual identities' of Wang Kentang, on which I focus my attention: unsuccessful scholar-official; famous physician, labeled as 儒醫 ruyi; lay Buddhist, who took an active part in Yogācāra revival effort of master Zibo Zhenke紫柏真可 and his circle; open-minded Chinese literati, who interacted with the first generation of Jesuits (namely, Matteo Ricci). Each of these identities represents a specific sociocultural process of late Ming society and reflects the trends of thinking and epistemological aspirations of late Ming literati.
The dissertation shows the close relationship between Wang Kentang's sociocultural identities and the fields of knowledge he dedicated his efforts to. Furthermore, it helps to outline the consistency of Wang Kentang's quest for knowledge despite the diversification of his scholarly attention. To make a bridge between Wang Kentang's theorizing on the acquisition of knowledge and the practical application of epistemological theory, I explore his (and, through him - a broader picture of late Ming thinkers) ideas on visual sense and visual cognition. The topic of physiological and cognitive aspects of eyesight and visual perception, and even a discussion of a foreign perspective, allowed me to combine all major Wang Kentang's identities and, therefore, the main fields of knowledge that his scholarship touched upon.

Bibliography
Primary sources:
Aleni, Giulio. A Brief Introduction to the Study of Human Nature. Translated and annotated by Thierry S.J. Meynard and Dawei Pan. Jesuit Studies, 29. Leiden: Brill, 2020.
Aristotle. De Anima. Translated and edited by Hugh Lawson-Tancred. Penguin Group USA, 2004 (1986).
Chao, Yuan-fang 巢元方. Chao shi zhu bing yuan hou lun 巢氏諸病源侯論 [On the Origins and Symptoms of the All Illnesses]. Edited by Wang Yunyu 王雲五, Si ku quan shu zhen ben shi ji 四庫全書珍本十集 [Ten Collections of Precious Books from Complete Library in Four Sections], Taibei, Taiwan shangwu臺北市: 臺灣商務.
Chen, Jian陳建, Shen Guoyuan 沈國元. Huang ming cong xin lu皇明從信錄 [Biographies of Followers without Doubt of Our Dynasty]. Collected in Siku jinhuishu congkan四庫禁燬書叢刊 [Collection of Banned Books in the Complete Library in Four Sections], Shi bu 史部 [History Section], vol. 1, juan 36. Taipei, Beijing chubanshe, 2000.
Da zhi du lun大智度論, T25, no. 1509.
Dong, Qichang董其昌. Rong tai ji 容臺集, in Siku jinhui shu congkan 四庫禁燬書叢刊 [Banned Books of Four Branches of Literature Collection], Ji bu 集部 [Category of Literary Works], vol.32. Beijing: Beijing chubanshe, 2000.
Feng, Mengzhen 馮夢楨. Kuixuetang riji 快雪堂日記 [The Diaries of the Quick Snow Hall]. Edited by Ding Xiaoming 丁小明, Fenghuang chubanshe鳳凰出版社, Nanjing, 2010.
Gaoyuan Mingyu 高原明昱. Cheng weishi lun su quan 成唯識論俗詮, X50, No. 820.
─────Yinming ru zhengli lun zhishu因明入正理論直疏, X53, No. 858.
───── Bashi guiju buzhu zhengyi 八識規矩補註證義 [The Verified Meaning with the Additional Commentaries on the Verses Delineating the Eight Consciousnesses]. X55, no. 890.
Gu, Bingqian顧秉謙 (ed.). Ming shen zong shi lu 明神宗實錄 [True Records of Ming Shenzong], juan 212. Taibei: Facsimile Reprints of Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica, 1966.
Hanshan Deqing 憨山德清. Hanshan laoren mengyou ji憨山老人夢遊集 [The Collection of Dream Travels of the Old Man Hanshan]. X73, no. 1456.
Hong ming ji 弘明集 [The Collection to to Promote Buddhism and Expound Its Teaching]. T52, no. 2102.
Jiao, Hong焦竑. Jiaoshi danyuan ji焦氏澹園集 [Collection of the Dan Garden of Jiao Clan]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1999.
Jintan xian zhi金壇縣志 [The Gazzette of Jintan Province]. Edited by Meng, Jiyuan孟濟元, Jiangsu renmin chubanshe, 1993.
Jin, Nige金尼閣 (Nicolas Trigault). Limadou zhongguo zhaji 利瑪 竇中國札記 [De Catholica Expeditione apud Sinas Suscepta ab Societate Iesu]. Edited and translated by He Gaoji何高濟, Wang Zunzhong王遵仲, Li Shen, and Li Jia 李申. Beijing北京, Zhonghua shuju中華書局, 2010.
Kuiji 窺覬. Yinming ru zhengli lun shu 因明入正理論疏 [Commentary on Nyāyapraveśa]. T44, no. 1840.
───── Cheng weishi lun shuji成唯識論述記 [Narrative Record of the Treatise on Establishing Consciousness-only]. T43, no. 1830.
───── Cheng weishi lun zhang zhong shuyao 成唯識論掌中樞要 [Essentials of the Discourse on the Theory of Consciousness-only in the Palm of your Hand], T43, No. 1831.
───── Weishi ershi lun shuji 唯識二十論述記 [Narrative Record on Twenty Verses on Consciousness-only]. T43, no. 1834.
───── Yujiashi dilun luezuan瑜伽師地論略纂. T43, no. 1829.
Li, Gao李杲. Pi wei lun 脾胃論 [Treatise on Spleen and Stomach]. Edited by Wang Yunwu 王雲五, Shangwu yingshuguan fahang, year unknown.
Liu, Wansu劉完素. Su wen bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 素問病機氣宜保命集 [Collection of Writings from the ‘Simple Question’ s on the Mechanism of Disease, Suitability of Qi, and the Safeguarding of Life]. Shanghai: shangwu yinshuguan, 1937.
Li, Zhi李贄. Fen shu焚書, Xu fen shu 續焚書 [The Book to be Burned. The Book to be Burned Continued]. Beijing, Zhonghua shuju, 2009.
Lou, Ying楼英. Yi xue gang mu 醫學綱目 [Compendium of the Medicine]. Reprinted edition. Beijing: Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe 中國中醫藥出版社, 1996.
Michuan yanke longshu yishu zonglun密傳眼科龍樹醫書總論 [Longmu's (Nagarjuna's) Secret Treatise on Eye]
Miao, Xiyong繆希雍. Xianxing zhai guang biji 先醒齋廣筆記 [Extensive Notes on Medicine from Xian Xing Studio]. Wenyuange Siku Quanshu 文淵閣四庫全書 series, vol. 775, Taibei, Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan, 1983.
Mizang Daokai密藏道開. Mizang kai chanshi yigao密藏開禪師遺稿 [Posthumous Manuscript of Chan master Mizang Daokai]. J23, no. B118.
Ni, Weide 倪維德 (auth.). Xue Yi薛已 (ed.)Yuan ji qi wei原機启微 [Causes and Mechanisms of Diseases]. Hefei, Huangshan shushe, 2008.
Ouyi Zhixu 蕅益智旭, Cheng weishi lun guanxin fayao成唯識論觀心法zhang要, X50, No. 824.
───── Po xie ji 闢邪集 [Collected Refutations of Heterodoxy], B24, no. 134.
Peng, Jiqing彭際清. Jushi chuan居士傳, X88, no. 1646.
Qian, Qianyi錢謙益. Zibo zunzhe bieji紫栢尊者別集, X73, no. 1453.
─────Yinming ru zhengli lun zhijie 因明入正理論直解, X53, No. 859. 
─────Muzhai youxue ji 牧齋有學集[Collection of the Studied by Muzhai]. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1996.
Yong, Rong永瑢, et al. (ed.). Siku quanshu zongmu tiyao四庫全書總目提要 [Summary of the General Catalogue of the Four Branches of Literature]. Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan, 1965.
Ricci, Matteo 利瑪竇.  Tianzhu shiyi 天主實義 [The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven]. Edited by Thierry Meynard, translated by Douglas Lancashire and Peter Hu Kuo-chen. Chestnut Hill, MA: Institute of Jesuit Sources, Boston College, 2016.
─────De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu [On the Christian mission among the Chinese by the Society of the Christ]. Translated and edited by Nicholas Trigault. Scanned online version of 1615 imprint is found at https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-mag-00002831-001, last accessed on 01. 11. 2022.
───── Fonti Ricciane. Storia dell'introduzione del Cristianesimo in Cina. Edited by Pasquale M. D’Ellia. Libreria dello Stato, 1942 -1949.
───── Lettere (1580–1609). Edited by Francesco D’Arelli. Macerata: Quodlibet, 2001.
Ruggieri, Michele. Tianzhu shilu 天主實錄 [The True Record of the Lord of Heaven]. Edited by Ni Wenjun 倪文君and Zhang Xiaochuan張曉川. Nanjing: Fenghuang chubanshe, 2013.
Sun, Simiao 孫思邈. Qian jin yi fang千金翼方[A Supplement to Recipes Worth A Thousand Gold]. Edited by Xiao Tianshi蕭天石. Taibei, Ziyou chuban, 1990.
Tao, Wangling 陶望齡, Xie’an ji歇庵集 [Collection of the Studio for Resting ], “Jin fu zuo zhang shi zhong zhai li gong mu zhiming” 晉府左長史重齋李公墓誌銘 [Gravestone Epitaph for the Left Zhangshi of Shanxi Provence - Gentleman Li Zhongzhai]. Taipei: Weiwen tushu chubanshe, 1976.
Vasubandhu 世親. Abidamo jushe lun阿毘達磨俱舍論 [Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya].  T29, no. 1558.
Wang, Bing 王冰. Chong guang bu zhu huang di nei jing su wen重廣補註黃帝內經素問 [The Broadly Corrected and Annotated Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon with Basic Questions]. Edited by Lin Yi林億 et al., Shanghai, Shangwu yingshuguan, 1919-1922(?).
Wang, Fu王符. Qianfu lun潛夫論集釋. Compiled by Hu Chusheng胡楚生, edited by Yang Jialuo楊家駱. Dingwen shuju yinhang 鼎文書局印行, 1979.
Wang, Gen 王艮. Wang xin zhai xian sheng quan ji 王心齋先生全集 [Complete Collection of the Works by Master Wang Xinzhai]. Taibei xian zhonghe shi: guangwen台北縣中和市 : 廣文, 1987.
Wang, Huaiyin 王懷隱, Chen Zhaoyu 陳昭遇, Wang You 王佑 (eds.). Tai ping sheng hui fang太平聖惠方 [The Sacred Benevolent Prescriptions of the Great Tranquillity]. Xin wen feng chu ban gong si yin hang新文豐出版公司印行.
Wang, Ji 王機, Zhenjiu wen dui 針灸問對 [Questions and Answers on Acupuncture and Moxibustion ]. Taibei, Taiwan shangwu yingshuguan, 1983.
Wang, Kentang王肯堂. Shang han zheng zhi zhun sheng傷寒證治準繩. Taibei shi: Guoli zhongyang tushuguan suoyingshi台北市: 國立中央圖書館縮影室 [Taipei: Microfilm Section of National Central Library], 1981.
───── Can chan yao jue 參禪要訣[The Secrets to Practicing Chan’s Meditation]. Edited by Li Zhizhang 李志璋, Ni Liangkang 倪梁康, Hangzhou foxueyuan杭州佛學院 [Buddhist University of Hangzhou].
───── Cheng weishi lun zhengyi 成唯識論證義 [Proved Meaning of Cheng weishi lun], X50, No. 0822.
───── Chong ding ling lan yao lan 重訂靈蘭要覽 [Revised Handbook from Linglan [Studio of the Yellow Emperor]]. Edited by Gu Jinshou顧金壽. Shanghai, Shanghai kexue jishu chubanshe, 1990.
───── Gujin yitong zhengmai quanshu古今醫統正脈全書 [The Complete Collection of Orthodox Lineages of Ancient and Modern Medicine]. Jingshi yiju ju zhuwenzheng yuanban xiu bu yinben京師醫局據朱文震原版修補印本 [Printed copy of the original edition of Zhe Wenzhen, printed by Medical Bureau of the capital]. Washington, Library of Congress.
─────Ming keben liuke zhunsheng明刻本六科準繩 [Six Branches of Yardstick Published in Ming Dynasty]. Taibei shi: xin wenfeng臺北市: 新文豐, 1979.
─────Yinming ru zhengli lun jijie 因明入正理論集解 [Collected Commentary on Nyāya-praveśa], X 53, No. 857.
───── Yixue qiongyuan ji 醫學窮源集 [The Collection of the Source [Texts] of the Medicine]. Beijing, Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe, 1999.
───── Yu gang zhai bi zhu鬱岡齋筆麈 [Whisk-brush from Overgrown Hummock Studio]. Collected in Xu xiu siku quanshu續修四庫全書 [A Continuation to Four Branches of Literature Collection], Zi bu 子部 [Works of Philosophers], vol. 1130, Shanghai: Guji chubanshe, 1998. Digital copy of the text can be accessed at China-America Digital Academic Library, https://archive.org/details/02095765.cn/mode/2up , last accessed on 09.05.2023.
───── Zhengzhi zhunsheng證治準繩 [Yardstick for Diagnosis and Treatment]. Collected in Wenyuange Siku Quanshu 文淵閣四庫全書, Zi bu 子部 [Works of Philosophers], vol. 767-772. Taibei, Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan,1983.
Wang Kentang yixue quanshu [ Complete Compendium of Wang Kentang's medical writtings] 王肯堂醫學全書. Edited by Lu, Zheng陸拯, Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe, 2010.
Wang, Sun’an王損庵 (Wang Kentang). Yu gang zhai bi zhu鬱岡齋筆麈. Beiping, Beiping tushuguan, 1930.
Wang, Shouren 王守仁. Wang Yangming quan ji王陽明全集 [Complete Collection of Wang Yangming Writings]. Edited by Wu Guang吳光 and Qian Ming錢明. Shanghai, Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2006.
Wang, Tao 王燾. 重訂外臺祕要 [Revised Edition of Medical Secrets of an Official]. Taibei, Xin wen feng chu ban gong si yin hang, 1987.
Wang, Qiao王樵. Fang lu ji方麓集, in Wenyuange siku quanshu 文淵閣四庫全書 [ Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature of the Pavilion of Literary Profundity], Ji bu 集部 [Category of Literary Works], Taipei: Taibei shangwu yinshuaguan, 1983.
Wang, Xijue王錫爵. Collection of Gentleman Wang Wensu’s Writings (Wang Wensu gong wenji王文肅公文集). Collected in Si ku jin hui shu cong kan 四庫禁毁書叢刊 [Collectanea of Books Banned during the Four Treasuries Compilation], Ji bu 集部 [The Category of Belles-Letters] vol. 7, juan 25, “Wang Fanglu shilang” 王方麓侍郎 [Assistant Minister (shilang) Wang Fanglu]. Beijing: Beijing chubanshe, 2000.
Xu, Jie徐階. Shijingtang ji 世經堂集 [The Collection of Shijing Hall]. Collected inn Siku quanshu cunmu yeshu四庫全書存目叢書 [Collectanea of Works Listed in the Catalogue of the Complete Works from the Complete Library in Four Sections], Jibu bieji lei集部別集類 [Anthologies in the Collected Works Section]. Tainan, Zhuangyan wenhua chubanshe, 1997, vol. 70-80, juan 20.
Yi Ru一如. Da Ming Sanzang Fashu 大明三藏法數 [The Number of Dhārmas in Great Ming Tripitaka]. P182, no. 1615.
Yiyu Tongrun一雨通潤. Cheng weishaqi lun jijie成唯識論集解 [Collected Explanations on the Discourse on the Theory of the Only-Consciousness], X50, No. 821.
Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽. Zongjing lu宗鏡錄. T48, no. 2016.
Zibo Zhenke 紫柏真可. Bashi guiju jie 八識規矩解 [Commentary on the Verses Delineating the Eight Consciousnesses]. X73, no. 1452.
───── Zibo zunzhe quanji紫柏尊者全集 [The Complete Collection of the Venerable Zibo Writings]. Comiled by Hanshan Deqing 憨山德清. X.73, No. 1452.
Yuan jue jing 圓覺經 [Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment]. T17, no. 842.
Yunqi Zhuhong雲棲袾宏. Yunqi fahui雲棲法彙 [ Anthology of Dharma Teachings by Master Yuqi]. J33, no. B277.
Zhang, Jiebin張介賓. Leijing類經. Hefei, Huangshan shushe, 2008.
Zhang, Tingyu張廷玉 (ed.). Ming shi明史 [History of Ming Dynasty]. Taipei, Dingwen shuju, 1979.
Zhang, Zihe 張子和. Ru men shi qin 儒門事親 [Confucians' Duties to Parents]. Beijing: renmin weisheng chubanshe 2015.
Zhu, Zhenheng朱震亨. Danxi xinfa丹溪心法 [Danxi’s Subtile Methods of Medici]] and thus overproduction of he..ᨀ﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽originate due to the exsessive accumulation of Yang, and thus overproduction of hene], Taibei shi: Guoli zhongyang tushuguan suoyingshi台北市 : 國立中央圖書館縮影室 [Taipei: Microfilm Section of National Central Library].
───── “Gezhi yulun xu” 格致餘論序 [Preface to Gezhi yulun]. Collected in Danxi yiji丹溪遺集, edited by Zhejiang sheng Zhongyiyao yanjiuyuan wenxian yanjiushi 浙江. 省中醫藥研究院文獻研究室. Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1993.

Secondary Sources:

Ames, Roger T. “The Meaning of Body in Classical Chinese Philosophy.” In Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice, edited by Roger T. Ames, Wimal Dissanayake and Thomas P. Kasulis. 157-177. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
Andrade-Molina, Melissa, Paola Valero, and Ole Ravn. “The Amalgam of Faith and Reason: Euclid’s Elements and the Scientific Thinker.” In The Philosophy of Mathematics Education Today. Edited by Ernest P., 99 – 111. Cham: Springer, 2018.
Araki, Kengo荒木見悟 (auth.), Liao, Zhaoheng廖肇亨(trans.). “Li Tongxuan zai mingdai” 李通玄在明代 [Li Tongxuan in Ming Dynasty]. Zhongguo wenzhe yanjiu tongxun中國文哲研究通訊 [Newsletter of the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy] 10, 1 (2000): 273-288.
Bak, Hanyeong. An Anthology of East Asian Commentaries on the Nyāyapraveśa. Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, 2017. 
de Bary, William Theodore. Self and Society of Ming Thought. University Presses of California, Columbia and Princeton, 1970.
Bernard, Henry. Limadou shen fu zhuan利瑪竇神父傳 [The Biography of Father Matteo Ricci]. Translated by Guan Zhenhu. Beijing: Commercial Press,1995.
Berryman, Sylvia. “Euclid and the Sceptic: A Paper on Vision, Doubt, Geometry, Light and Drunkenness.” Phronesis 43, no. 2 (May, 1998): 176-196.
Bhishagratna, Kaviraj Kunja Lal. An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, with a Full and Comprehensive Introduction, Additional Text, Different Readings, Notes, Comparative Views, Index, Glossary and Plates: Uttara-Tantra (Vol.3). Forgotten Books, 2018.
Borrell, Ari. “Ko-wu or Kung-an? Practice, Realization in the Thought of Chang Chiu Ch’eng.” In Buddhism in the Sung, edited by Peter N. Gregory and Daniel A. Getz, Jr., 62–108. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1999.
Bray, Francesca. Technology and Gender: Fabrics of Power in Late Imperial China. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1997.
Brewster, Ernest B. “What is Our Shared Sensory World? Ming Dynasty Debates on Yogācāra versus Huayan Doctrines.” Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies 31 (2018): 117–170.
Brook, Timothy. Praying for Power: Buddhism and the Formation of Gentry Society in Late-Ming China. Cambridge, MA, US: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University and Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1993.
───── The Chinese State in Ming Society. Routledge, 2005.
───── “Rethinking Syncretism: The Unity of the Three Teachings and Their Joint Worship in Late-Imperial China.” Journal of Chinese Religions 21 (1993): 13 – 44.
Brown, Brian Edward. The Buddha Nature: A Study of Tathāgatagarbha and Ālayavijñāna. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1991.
Brown, Carolyn T., ed. Psycho-Sinology: The Universe of Dreams in Chinese Culture. Washington, D.C.: Asia Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1988.
Bruya, Brian. “On the Epistemology of the Senses in Early Chinese Thought (review).” China Review International 10 (2003:1):157-164.
Burton, Harry E. (trans.). “The Optics of Euclid.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 35, no. 5 (1945)：357 – 372.
Camps, Maria da Conceição. “The Pleasures of Seeing” According to Manuel de Gois’ Coimbra Jesuit Commentary on De Anima (1598).” Quaestio 15 (2015): 817-826.
Canaris, Daniel. “The Tianzhu Shilu Revisited: China's First Window into Western Scholasticism.” Frontiers of Philosophy in China 14, no. 2, (2019): 201-225.
Cantwell, Cathy, and Elisa Freschi. “Reuse and Intertextuality in the Context of Buddhist Texts: Introduction.” Buddhist Studies Review 33,1-2 (2016): 1-7.
Carroll, William E. "Creation, Evolution, and Thomas Aquinas." Revue des Questions Scientifiques 171, no. 4 (2000): 319-347.
Carvalho, Mário Santiago de. “Cursus Conimbricensis.” Conimbricenses.org Encyclopedia. Edited by Mário Santiago de Carvalho and Simone Guidi, doi = “10.5281/zenodo.3234133”, URL = “http://www.conimbricenses.org/encyclopedia/cursus-conimbricensis/”, latest revision: May, 28th, 2019.
───── “Manuel de Góis: The Coimbra Course and the Definition of an Early Jesuit Philosophy.” In Jesuit Philosophy on the Eve of Modernity. Edited by Cristiano Casalini, 347 – 373. Brill, 2019.
Caston, Victor. “Perception in Ancient Greek Philosophy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Perception, edited by Mohan Matthen. Oxford University Press, 2015. Online publication: https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/PHS345/Caston%2C%20Perception%20in%20ancient%20Greek%20philosophy.pdf
Chao, Yüan-ling. Medicine and Society in Late Imperial China: A Study of Physicians
in Suzhou,1600-1850. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 2009.
───── “The Ideal Physician in Late Imperial China: The Question of Sanshi.” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 17 (2000): 66-93.
Chen, Baoliang陳寶良. Mingdai ruxue shengyuan yu difang shehui明代儒學生員與地方社會[Scholars Preparing for Civil Examinations in Ming Dynasty and Local Society]. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 2005.
Chen, Haoche陳顥哲. “博學與考據 : 焦竑對陽明心學的修正” Boxue yu kaoju: jiaohong dui yangming xinxue de xiuzheng [Erudite and Philology: Jiao Hong’s Revision of Xinxue]. Ph.D dissertation, Hongkong Baptiste University, 2016.
Chen, Hsiu-fen. “Medicine, Society, and the Making of Madness in Imperial China.” Ph.D. Thesis. University of London, 2003.
───── “Articulating ‘Chinese Madness’: A Review of the Modern Historiography of Madness in Pre-Modern China,” The 1st Annual Meeting, ASHM, IHP, Academia Sinica, 4-8 November 2003. Paper accessed online https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/13429/1/Chen%2520Hsiu-fen-ft.pdf , last access on 10.04.2023.
───── “Zai meng mei zhi jian:zhongguo gudian yixue duiyu meng yu gui jiao yu nuxing qingyu de jiangxiang” 在夢寐之間：中國古典醫學對於「夢與鬼交」與女性情欲的構想 [Between Sleep and Dreams: Perceptions of ‘Dreaming Sex with Demons’ and Female Sexual Frustration in Pre-modern Chinese Medicine]. Bulletin of the Institue of History and Philology of Academia Sinica 81, No. 4, (2010): 701-735.
───── “Dang bingren jian dao gui: shilun mingqing yizhe duiyu xiesui de taidu” 當病人見到鬼：試論明清醫者對於「邪祟」的態度 [When Patients Met Ghosts: A Preliminary Survey of Scholarly Doctors’ Attitudes towards “Demonic Affliction” in Ming-Qing China]. In Zongjiao yu Yiliao宗教與醫療 [Religion and Medicine]. Edited by Lin Fushi 林富士ed., 329-364. Taipei, Lianjing chunban shiye gufen youxian gongsi 臺北：聯經出版事業股份有限公司，2011.
───── “Nourishing life, cultivation and material culture in the late Ming: some thoughts on Zhunsheng bajian遵生八牋 (Eight Discourses on Respecting Life, 1591).” Asian Medicine - TRADITION and modernity 4, no.1 (12, 2018): 29-45.
Chen, Kenneth. Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964.
Chen Ming 陳明. Shufang yiyao: Chutu wenshu yu xiyu yixue 殊方異藥：出土文書與西域醫學 [Foreign medicine in medieval China: Medical manuscripts discovered in Dunhuang and Western Regions]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005.
───── “Hanyi mijiao wenxian zhong de shengming weituo chengfen bianxi—yitongzi fang he yanyao fang weili” 漢譯密教文獻中 的生命吠陀成分辨析—以童子方和眼藥方為例 [Ayurvedic Knowledge in Chinese Tantric Texts: The Cases of Children]. Gu jin lunheng 古今論衡[Disquisitions on the Past & Present] 14, (2006): 27 – 46.
───── “The Transmission of Indian Ayurvedic Doctrines in Medieval China: A Case Study of Astānga and Tridoṣa Fragments from the Silk Road.” Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University 9, (2006): 201–230.
Chen, Yaozhen. “Ramble in Chinese Ophthalmology, Past and Present.” Chinese Medical Journal 91 (1981):1 -4.
Chen, Yuanpeng陳元朋. Liang song de shangyi shiren yu ruyi – jian lun qi zai jinyuan de liubian 兩宋的「尚醫士人」與「儒醫」——兼論其在金元的流變 [Scholar-officials Who Advocated Medicine and Confucian-physicians in Song and Discussion of Their Transformation During Jin-Yuan ]. Taibei, Guoli taiwan daxue chuban weiyuanhui 國立臺灣大學出版委員會，1997.
Chen, Yuh-neu 陳玉女. Zibo dashi yanjiu 紫柏大師研究 [Research on the Great Master Zibo]. Taibei: Zhongguo minsu xuehui, 1986.
───── Mingdai fomen neiwai sengsu jiaoshe de changyu明代佛門內外僧俗交涉的場域 [The Sacred and Secular Contexts where Buddhist Monks and Laypeople Interacted in the Ming]. Taipei: Daoxiang chubanshe, 2010.
───── Mingdai de fojiao yu shehui明代的佛教與社會 [Buddhism and Society in Ming Dynasty]. Beijing Shi : Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2011.
───── “Mingmo qingchu jiaxingzang kanke yu jiangnan shizu”明末清初嘉興藏刊刻與江南士族 [The Carving of the Jiaxing Edition of the Buddhist Canon and the Patron Families in Jiangnan Area in the Late Ming and Early Qing]). Foguang xuebao佛光學報4, no. 2 (2018): 301 – 371.
Chen, Zhinan. “Knowledge of Things in Early and Early Medieval China and its Implications for Cultural Continuity.” JPACT, vol.4 (2021): 61 – 75.
Ch’ien, Edward T. Chiao Hung and the Restructuring of Neo-Confucianism in the Late Ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.  
Chiu, Martha Li. Mind, Body, and Illness in a Chinese Medical Tradition. Harvard University, 1989.
Chu, William. “The Timing of Yogācāra Resurgence in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1643).” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vol.33(1–2): 5–25.
───── “Syncretism reconsidered: The Four Eminent Monks and Their Syncretic Styles.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 29, no. 1 (2006): 63–86.
Chu, Ping-Yi 祝平一. “Scientific Dispute in the Imperial Court: The 1664 Calendar Case,” Chinese Science 14 (1997): 7-34.
───── “Trust, Instruments, and Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges: Chinese Debate over the Shape of the Earth, 1600-1800.” Science in Context 12.3 (1999): 385-411.
───── “Song, ming zhi jing de yishi yu ruyi” 宋、明之際的醫史與儒醫[Narrations of Histories of Medicine from the Song to the Ming and the Rise of the Confucian Physician]. Bulletin of the Institute of the History and Philology, Academia Sinica 77, no. 3 (2006): 401 – 449.
───── “Tianxue yu lishi yishi de bianqian – wang honghan de gujin yishi” 天學與歷史意識的變遷－王宏翰的《古今醫史》[Christianity and the Rewriting of China's Medical Past: Wang Honghan's Medical History: Past and Present]. Bulletin of the Institute of the History and Philology, Academia Sinica 77, no. 4 (2006): 591 – 626.
───── “Archiving Knowledge: A Life History of the Calendrical Treatises of the Chongzhen Reign (Chongzhen lishu).” Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident (2007): 159-184.
───── “Narrating a History for China’s Medical Past: Christianity, Natural Philosophy and History in Wang Honghan’s Gujin yishi 古今醫史 (History of Medicine in Past and Present).” East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine (EASTM) 28 (2008): 14-35.
Cleary, J. C. Zibo: The Last Great Zen Master of China. Asian Humanities Press, 1989.
Clunas, Craig. Superfluous Things: Material Culture and Social Status in Early Modern China. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
Cook, Francis H. Three Texts on Consciousness Only. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 1999.
Cox, Collet. “On the Possibility of a Nonexistent Object of Consciousness. Sarvāstivādin and Dārstäntika Theories.” The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 11.1 (1988): 31-87.
Criveller, Gianni. “The Background of Matteo Ricci: The Shaping of His Intellectual and Scientific Endowment.” Chinese Cross Currents 6, no. 4 (2009): 72–93.
Cullen, Christopher. “Patients and Healers in Late Imperial China: Evidence from the ‘Jinpingmei.” History of Science 31: 99-150.
───── “Yi’an 醫案: the origins of a genre of Chinese medical literature.” In Innovation in Chinese Medicine, edited by Elisabeth Hsu, pp. 297 – 324, New York,. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Demiéville, Paul. “Buddhism and Healing: Demiéville’s Article ‘Byō’ from Hōbōgirin.” Translated by Mark Tatz, Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1985.
Despeux, Catherine. “Visual Representations of the Body in Chinese Medical and Daoist Texts from the Song to the Qing Period (tenth to nineteenth century).” Translated by Penelope Barrett, Asian Medicine: Tradition and Modernity 1 (2005.1):10-52.
───── “The System of the Five Circulatory Phases and the Six Seasonal Influences (wuyun liuqi), a Source of Innovation in Medicine under the Song (960 – 1279)”, in Innovation in Chinese Medicine, edited by Elisabeth Hsu, 121 - 167. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Dhammajoti, Bhikkhu KL. Abhidharma Doctrines and Controversies on Perception, Center of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, 2007.
───── “Summary and discussion of the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya.” In Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya of Vasubandhu: The Treasury of Abhidharma and Its (Auto) Commentary. Vol. 1. Translated by De La Vallee Poussin (French) and Gelong Lodro Sangpo (English), 1 - 61. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Dehli, 2012.
Deshpande, Vijaya. “Indian Influences on Early Chinese Ophthalmology: Glaucoma as a Case Study.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 62, part 2 (1999): 306–322.
───── “Ophthalmic Surgery: A Chapter in the History of Sino-Indian Medical Contacts.”
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63, no. 3 (2000): 370–88.
───── “Ancient Indian Medicine and Its Spread to China.” Economic and Political Weekly 36, No. 13 (2001):1078-1081.
───── “Nāgārjuna and Chinese Medicine.” Studia Asiatica, Vol. 4–5 (2003-04): 241–57.
───── “Glimpses of Āyurveda in Medieval Chinese Medicine.” Indian Journal of History of Science 43, no. 2 (2008): 137–61.
───── “Buddhism as a Vehicle for Medical Contacts between India and China.” Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 89 (2008): 41-58.
Deshpande, Vijaya, and Fan, Ka Wai. Restoring the Dragon’s Vision: Nagarjuna and Medieval Chinese Ophthalmology. Hong Kong: Chinese Civilization Center, City University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Ding, Miaomiao丁苗苗. “Yu gangzhai momiao yanjiu”郁冈斋墨妙研究 [A Research on Yu gang zhai mo miao]. Master degree thesis. Bohai university渤海大学 . Fine Art Department. 2018.
Dudink, Adrian. "Review of Iso Kern's Buddhistische Kritik am Christentum im China des 17. Jahrhundem. Texte von Yu Shunxi (? -1621), Zhuhong
(1535-1615), Yuanwu (1566-1642), Tongrong (1593-1679), Xingyuan (1611- 1662), Zhixu (1599-1655)." T'oungPao 80. 4-5 (1994): 400-420.
Eberhard, Wolfram. “Temple-Building Activities in Medieval and Modern China. An Experimental Study.” Monumenta Serica 23 (1964): 264 – 318.
Engelfriet, Peter M. Euclid in China: The Genesis of the First Chinese Translation of Euclid’s Elements Books I-VI (Jihe yuanben; Beijing, 1607) and its Reception up to 1723. Boston: Brill, 1998.
Eichman, Jennifer. “Humanizing the Study of Late Ming Buddhism.” Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal, 2013, 26: 153-185.
───── A Late Sixteenth-Century Chinese Buddhist Fellowship: Spiritual Ambitions, Intellectual Debates, and Epistolary Connections. Brill, 2016.
───── “Buddhist Historiography: A Tale of Deception in a Seminal Late Ming Buddhist Letter”, Journal of Chinese Religions 46, no. 2 (November 2018):123 – 165.
───── “Reading Instruction: Zhuhong’s Guide to Buddhism for a Late-Ming Audience.” Asia Major, 3d ser. Vol. 33.1, (2020): 65-102.
Elman, Benjamin A. From Philosophy to Philology: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1984.
───── “Political, Social, and Cultural Reproduction Via Civil Service Examinations in Late Imperial China.”  The Journal of Asian Studies 50, no.1 (1991): 7–28.
───── A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
───── “Jesuit Scientia and Natural Studies in Late Imperial China.” Journal of Early Modern History: Contacts, Comparisons, Contrasts 6, no. 3 (Fall 2002): 209-232.
───── On Their Own Terms: Science in China, 1500 – 1900, Harvard University Press, 2005.
───── “Collecting and Classifying: Ming Dynasty Compendia and Encyclopedias (Leishu)”, Extrême-Orient 1 (2007): 131–157.
───── A Cultural History of Modern Science in China, Harvard University Press, 2009.
───── “The Investigation of Things, Natural Studies, and Evidential Studies in Late Imperial China, 1600 – 1800.” In Concepts of Nature: A Chinese-European Cross-Cultural Perspective, edited by Hans Ulrich Vogel, pp. 368 – 399. Leiden E.J. Brill, 2010.
───── Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China, Harvard University Press, 2013.
───── Science in China, 1600–1900, World Scientific, 2015.
Fan, Jialing 范佳玲. Zibo Dashi Shengping Jiqi Sixiang Yanjiu 紫柏大師生平及其思想研究 [Studies in the Life and Thought of Master Zibo]. Taibei: Fagu Wenhua, 2001.
Fan, Ka Wai 范家偉. “Tang sui shidai yanneizhang yu jinzhen bozhang shu” 唐隋時代眼內障與金針撥障術 [Yanneizhang and Jinshen bozhang fa during the Tang and Sui Periods]. Hanxue yanjiu 漢學研究[Chinese Studies] 22, No. 2 (2004): 271-297.
Fang, Hao 方豪. “Li Madou Jiaoyou lun xin yanjiu” 利瑪竇「交友論」新研 [New Research on Treatise on Friendship by Matteo Ricci]. In Liushi ziding gao 方豪六十自定稿. [Works of Maurus Fang Hao up to the Age of Sixty, The Version Finalized by Himself]. Taibei: Taiwan xuesheng shuju 臺灣學生書局, 1969.
Foulks, Beverley. “Duplicitous Thieves: Ouyi Zhixu’s Criticism of Jesuit Missionaries in Late Imperial China.” Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 21 (2008):55-75.
Franco, Eli. Dharmakïrti on Compassion and Rebirth. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, Heft 38. Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität Wien, 1997.
───── “Xuanzang’s Proof of Idealism (Vijñaptimātratā).” Hōrin 11, (2004): 199-212.
Funayama, Toru. “Chinese Translations of Pratyakṣa.” In A Distant Mirror: Articulating Indic Ideas in Sixth and Seventh Century Chinese Buddhism. Edited by Chen-kuo Lin and Michael Radich, 33 – 63. Hamburg:  Hamburg University Press, 2014.
Furth, Charlotte. “Producing Medical Knowledge Through Cases: History, Evidence, and Action.” In Thinking With Cases: Specialist Knowledge in Chinese Cultural History,edited by Charlotte Furth, pp. 125 – 152. University of Hawaii Press, 2007.
───── A Flourishing Yin: Gender in China's Medical History: 960–1665, University of California Press, 1999.
───── “Androgynous Males and Deficient Females: Biology and Gender Boundaries in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century China.” Late Imperial China 9, no. 2 (1988):1-31.
───── “The Physician as Philosopher of the Way: Zhu Zhenheng (1282-1358).” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 66, no. 2 (Dec., 2006): 423-459.
Franco, Eli. Dharmakïrti on Compassion and Rebirth. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, Heft 38. Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität Wien, 1997.
Geaney, Jane. On the Epistemology of the Senses in Early Chinese Thought. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2002.
Genette, Gerard. Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree. University of Nebraska Press, 8th ed., 1997.
Gong, Duqing龚篤清. Mingdai keju tujian 明代科舉圖鑒 [The Illustrated Handbook on Examination System in Ming Dynasty].Changsha: Yuelu shushe, 2007.
Gong, Huan’an. “Senses and Cognition in Early Chinese Thought.” Social Sciences in China 38(2017:4):28-44.
Grant, Edward. God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Grant, Joanna, A Chinese Physician: Wang Ji and the 'Stone Mountain Medical Case Histories', London; New York : RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
Goldschmidt, Asaf. “Epidemics and Medicine during the Northern Song Dynasty: The Revival of Cold Damage Disorders (Shanghan).”
T'oung Pao, Second Series, vol. 93, fasc. 1/3 (2007): 53-109.
───── The Evolution of medicine in China: The Song dynasty, 960 – 1200, London: Routledge Curzon, 2009.
───── “Three Case Histories on Cold Damage Disorders from Ninety Discussions on Cold Damage Disorders by Xu Shuwei (1080-1154).” Asian Medicine 8, no. 2(2013): 459-471.
Graham, Angus Charles. “China, Europe, and the Origins of Modern Science: Needham’s The Grand Titration.” In Chinese Science: Explorations of an Ancient Tradition, edited by Shigeru Nakayama and Nathan Sivin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1973.
Later Mohist Logic, Ethics, and Science. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1978.
Guo, Peigui郭培貴, Liu, Ming劉明. “Mingdai shujishi jiaoxueguan” 明代庶吉士教習官[Educators of Shujishi in Ming Era]. Anhui Shifan Daxue Xuebao 安徽師範大學學報 [Journal of Anhui Normal University] 3, 2015.
Gu Qingmei 古清美. Huang Lizhou zhi shengping ji qi xueshu sixiang 黄梨洲之生平及其學術思想[The Biography and Thought of Huang Lizhou]. Taibei: Guoli Taiwan daxie chubanshe, 1978.
Guo, Xiang 果祥. Zibo Dashi Yanjiu 紫柏大師研究 [A Study of Master Zibo], Taibei: Dongchu chubanshe, 1987.
Hakeda, Yoshito S. The Awakening of Faith: Attributed to Aśvaghoṣha. Columbia University Press, 1967.
Hamar, Imre. “The Existence or Non-existence of the mind of Buddha: A Debate between Faxingzong and Faxiangzong in Chengguan’s Interpretation.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 56, no. 2-4 (2003): 339-367.
───── “A Huayan Paradigm for the Classification of Mahāyāna Teachings: The Origin and Meaning of Faxiangzong and Faxingzong.” In Reflecting Mirrors:Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism edited by Imre Hamar, 195 – 220. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007.
───── “The Interpretation of Yogācāra Philosophy in Huayan Buddhism.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 37, issue 2 (2010): 181 – 197.
───── “The Tathāgatagarbha Dependent Arising in Huayan Buddhism.” Horin: Vergleichende Studien Zur Japanischen Kultur 18: 161-175.
Hansen, Chad. A. Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought: A Philosophical Interpretation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Hanson, Marta. Speaking of Epidemics in Chinese Medicine: Disease and the Geographic Imagination in Late Imperial China, Routledge, 2011.
───── “The “Golden Mirror” in the Imperial Court of the Qianlong Emperor, 1739-1742.” In Early Science and Medicine 8, no. 2 (2003):111-147.
Hayes, Richard P. Dignāga on the Interpretation of Signs. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
Henderson, John. The Development and Decline of Chinese Cosmology, New York: Columbia Press, 1984.
Hinrichs, T. J. “New Geographies of Chinese Medicine.” Osiris 13, Beyond Joseph Needham: Science, Technology, and Medicine in East and Southeast Asia (1998): 287-325.
Hsia, Po-chi. “The Catholic Mission and Translations in China, 1583-1700,” in Peter Burke and R. Po- chia Hsia, eds., The Cultural History of Translation in the Early Modern World, pp. 39-51. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
───── “The Jesuit Encounter with Buddhism in Ming China.” In Christianity and Cultures. Japan and China in Comparison 1543-1644, edited by M. Antoni Üçerler, 19-44. Rome: IHSI, (=Bibliotheca Instituti Historici S.I. vol. 68), 2009a.
“Tianzhu jiao yu Mingmo shehui: Chongzhen chao jeshuhui xi Lonhuamin Shandong quanjiao di je din wendi” 天主教与明末社会:崇祯朝龙华民山东传教的几个问题 [Catholicism and Late Ming Society: Questions on the Missions of Niccolò Longobardo S.J. in Shandong during the Chongzhen reign], Lishi yanjiu 历史研究 [History Research] no. 2 (2009b): 51-67.
───── “Dreams and Conversions: A Comparative Analysis of Catholic and Buddhist Dreams in Ming and Qing China. Part Two.” Journal of Religious History (Oxford) 34, no.2 (June 2010):103-33.
─────Matteo Ricci: Jesuit in the Forbbiden City, Oxford University Press, 2012.
───── The World of Matteo Ricci 1583-1610: Documents and Sources. Cambridge, MA: Hackett, 2016.
Hsu, Kuang-Tai. “Four Elements as Ti and Five Phases as Yong: The Historical Development from Shao Yong’s Huangji jingshi to Matteo Ricci’s Qiankun tiyi.” EASTM 27 (2007): 13-62.
Honda, Takashige 本多道隆. “Minmatsu bukkyō no kenkyū: Shihaku Shinka o chūshin to shite” 明末仏教の研究: 紫柏真可を中心として [The Research of Late Ming Buddhist Thought: Centering on the Figure of Master Zibo Zhenke]. Ph.D. thesis. Hiroshima daigaku 広島大學, 2007.
Hosne, Ana C. “Friendship among Literati. Matteo Ricci SJ (1552-1610) in Late Ming China.” Transcultural Studies, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, no. 1 (2014):190-214.
Israel, George L. Studying Wang Yangming: History of a Sinological Field. Kindle Direct Publishing, 2022.
Huang, Chongxiu黃崇修. “You [yu] zhi [yu] de neizaijiegou: ruyi zhu danxi gezhi yu lun zhi yanshuo wei hexin” 由「欲」至「鬱」的內在結構：儒醫朱丹溪《格致餘論》之言說為核心 [The Internal Structure of the Development from “Desire” to “Yu” : Based on the “Ge Zhi Theory” by Confucian Physician Ju Dan-Xi]. Zhengzhi daxue zhexue xuebao 30 (July, 2013):101 – 151.
───── “Zhu danxi [neijing waijing]siwei zhi kenengxing shentao – yizhong yixue shentiguanshiye de changshixing jiedu” 朱丹溪「內靜外敬」思維之可能性探討 — 一種醫學身體觀視野的嘗試性解讀 [Possibility of Zhu Dan- Xi ’s ''Inner Tranquility and Outer Respect'' Thought Trial Interpretation of a Medical Body Perspective]. Dangdai ruxue yanjiu 25 (December 2018): 45 – 68.
Huang, Yi-hsun 黃繹勳. “A study of Yongming Yanshou's “The Profound Pivot of Contemplation of Mind.” Ph.D. dissertation. University of Virginia, 2001.
───── “Huayan Thought in Yongming Yanshou’s (904–975) Guanxin xuanshu: Six Characteristics and Ten Profound Gates,” in Reflecting Mirrors:Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism edited by Imre Hamar, 241 - 261. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007.
Huang, Ray. 1587: A Year of No Significance. Yale University Press, 1981.
Huang, Yinghua, and Yongxuan Liang. “Wang Kentang – a Scholar-physician of the Ming dynasty.” Translated by Tingyu Fang. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 6, (2019): 109 -110.
Huang, Wenshu 黃文樹. “Lizhi yu li madou de jiaoyi jiqi youlun zhi bijiao” 李贄與利瑪竇的交誼及其「友論」之比較 [The Frindship of Li Zhi and Matteo Ricci and its Comparison to their Theory of Friendship]. Xuanzang fojiao yanjiu 玄奘佛教研究 [Journal on the Research of Xuanzang’s Buddhism] 5 (2006): 127 – 151.
───── “Yangming houxue yu chanshi de jiaowang jiqi hanyi” 陽明後學與禪師的交往及其涵義 [The Implications of Contact Between Followers of Wang Yangming and Chan Masters]. Xuanzang foxue yanjiu玄奘佛學研究, vol.16, (2011):85 – 124.
Ivanhoe, Philip J. Readings from the Lu-Wang School of Neo-Confucianism. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2009.
Jami, Catherine. The Emperor's New Mathematics: Western Learning and Imperial Authority, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Jami, Catherine, Peter Mark Engelfriet, and Gregory Blue, eds. Statecraft & Intellectual Renewal in Late Ming China: The Cross-Cultural Synthesis of Xu Guangqi (1562–1633). Brill, 2001.
Ji Wenfu 稽文甫. Wang Quanshan xueshu luncong 王船山學術論叢［The Collection of Academic Essays of Wang Quanshan]. Beijing: Sanlian shuju, 1978.
Ji, Xianlin季羡林. “Yindu yanke yishu chuanru zhongguo kao”印度眼科醫術傳入中國考 [On the Introduction of Indian Ophthalmological Techniques to China]. Guoxue yanjiu 國學研究 2 (1994): 555-560.
Jia, Jinhua. The Hongzhou School of Chan Buddhism in Eighth- through Tenth-Century China. State University of New York Press, 2006.
Jian, Kaiting (Chien, Kai-ting) 簡凱廷. "Wanming yixue seng yiyu tongrun jiqi xijian zhuzuo kaoshu" 晚明義學僧一雨通潤及其稀見著作考述 [A Study on Yiyu Tongrun's Life and Rarely Known Works], Taiwan Journal of Buddhist Studies 28, (Dec. 2012): 143 – 190.
───── “Wanming weishixue zuopin zai jianghu shidai de liuchuan yu jieshou chutan” 晚 明 唯 識 學 作 品 在江戶時代的流傳與接受初探 [A Preliminary Study on Spread and Acceptance of Late Ming Yogācāra Works during the Edo Period]. Chung-Hwa Buddhist Studies 16 (December 2015): 43-72.
───── “Bei wang que de chuantong – mingmo qingchu cheng weishi lun xiangguan zhenxi zhushi shu kaolun” 被忘卻的傳統——明末清初《成唯識論》相關珍稀注釋書考論 [A Forgotten Tradition: The Lesser Known Late-Ming and Early-Qing Annotations of the Cheng Weishi Lun]. Hanxue Yanjiu 35, Issue 1 (2017): 225-260. 
───── "Kongyin Zhencheng (1547-1617) de xuesi genben fangfa zhelun: yi wu buqian zhengliang lun wei zhongxin” 空印鎮澄（1547-1617）的學思根本方法析論：以《物不遷正量論》為中心 [An Analysis of Kongyin Zhencheng's (1547-1617) Intellectual Methodology Focusing on his Wu bu qian zhengliang lun]. Fo Guang Journal of Buddhist Studies 2 (4 ), (2018): 421 – 473.
Jian, Zhimou簡志謀. “Miao xiyong qi ren qi xue —— shengping ji xueshu yanjiu” 繆希雍其人其学——生平及學術研究 [Miao Xiyong – the Man and the Teachings: Research of the Biography and Scholarship]. Ph.D. thesis. Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutics上海中醫藥大學, Department of History of Chinese Medical Documents, 2001.
Jorgensen, John. “Mujaku Dōchū (1653-1744) and Seventeenth Century Chinese Buddhist Scholarship.” East Asian History 32/33 (Dec 2006/June 2007): 25-56.
Kaptchuk, Ted. The Web that Has No Weaver. McGraw Hill, 2000.
Kawakatsu, Kenryō. [Mindai kōnan shitaifu bukkyōgaku ryūkō to daizōkyō kaihan 明付江南士大夫仏教學流行と大蔵経開版 [The Circulation of Buddhism among Shidaifu of Jiangnan Region in Ming Dynasty and the Printing of the Canon]. Odai sigaku 鴨台史學 5, (2005):1-25.
Kellner, Birgit, and John Taber. “Studies in Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda idealism I: The interpretation of Vasubandhu’s Viṃśikā.” ASIA 68(3, 2014): 709 – 756.
Keng, Ching. "A Re-Examination of the Relationship between the Awakening of Faith and Dilun School Thought, Focusing on the Works of Huiyuan." A Distant Mirror (2014): 183-215.
Kent, Richard K. “Ding Yunpeng's Baimiao Lohans: A Reflection of Late Ming Lay Buddhism.” Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 63 (2004): 62- 89.
Kern, Iso. Buddhistische Kritik am Christentum im China des 17. Jahrhunderts: Texte von Yu Shunxi (?-1621), Zhuhong (1535-1615), Yuanwu (1566-1642), Tongrong (1593- 1679), Xingyuan (1611-1662), Zhixu (1599-1655. New York: Peter Lang, 1992.
Kochumuttom, Thomas A. A Buddhist Doctrine of Experience: A New Translation and Interpretation of the Works of Vasubandhu the Yogācārin. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1989.
Lai, Whalen. “The Defeat of Vijñāptimatrakā in China: Fa-tsang on Fa-hsing and Fa-hsiang,” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 3 (1986):1-19.
───── “The Origin of Ming Buddhist Schism.” In Heterodoxy in Late Imperial China, edited by Kwang-Ching Liu and Richard Shek, 109-135. Honolulu: University of HawaiiPress, 2004.
Lancashire, Douglas. “Buddhist Reaction to Christianity in Late Ming China.” Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia (JOSA) 6, No. 1 -2 (1968 - 1969): 82 – 103.
───── "Chinese Reactions to the Work of Matteo Ricci (1552 - 1610)." Arian Culture Quarterly 4, (1976): 106-116.
Lee, H. Yearley. “Hsün Tzu on the Mind: His Attempted Synthesis of Confucianism and Taoism.” Journal of Asian Studies 39 (3, 1980): 465 – 480.
Legge, James. The Hsiao King or Classic of Filial Piety. Kessinger Publishing, 2010.
───── The Four Books: Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, and the Works of Mencius. Translated by James Legge. China: The Commercial Press, 19—(?).
Leung, Angela Ki-che. “Medical Learning from the Song to the Ming.” In The Song-Yuan-Ming Transition in Chinese History, edited by P. Smith and R.Von Glahn, 374–398. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2003.
Lenk, Hans, and Paul Gregor, eds. Epistemological Issues in Classical Chinese Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
Li, Jianmin 李建民. “Ben cao gang mu huo bu kao shi” 本草綱目火部考釋 [Fire as Medicine: The "Fire" Section of Bencao gangmu]. In Zhongyang yuan yanjiu yuan lishi yuyan yanjiu suojikan中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊[Bulletin of IHP], (1991): 395 – 441.
Li, Ping 李萍, Yanan Hu胡亚男, Shuming Zhao赵树明, and Su Ying苏颖. “Wang Kentang bianzhi bingzheng zhuzhong yunqi” 王肯堂辨治病證注重運氣[Wang Kentang’s Diseases Differentiation and Treatment Based on Yunqi Doctrine]. Shanghai zhongyiyao zazhi 12, (2016):30-32.
Li, Shixue李奭學, and Xiqiang Lin林熙強, (eds.). Wanming tianzhujiao fanyi wenxue jianzhu晚明天主教翻譯文學箋注 [Annotated Commentaries on Late Ming Catholic Translated Literature]. Zhongyanyuan wenzhesuo中研院文哲所 [Institute of Literature of Academia Sinica], 2015.
Liang, Qichao梁啟超. “Qing dai xue shu gai lun” 清代學術概論 [Intellectual trends in the Ching period]. In Zhongguo jin sanbai nian xueshu shi 中國近三百年學術史, Taipei: Liren shuju, 2000.
Liang, Wenping連文萍, “Yi jia bu yu, ze wang guanxuan – wang kentang de keming yu wanli keju shifeng” 一甲不預,則望館選─ 王肯堂的科名與萬曆科舉世風 [Wang Kentang’s Scholarly Honours and Public Morals in Wanli Imperial Examination]. Chengda zhongwen xuebao 58 (2017): 59-100.
───── “Mingdai hanlinyuan de shige guanke yanjiu” 明代翰林院的詩歌館課研究 [On Poetry Instruction at the Hanlin Academy in the Ming Dynasty]. Zhengda Zhongwen Xuebao 政大中文學報 [Chengchi University Academic Journal on Chinese Language and Literature ] 12, (2009): 231 – 260.
Liao, Chao-heng廖肇亨. “Huihong juefan zai mingdai – songdai chanxue zai mingdai de shuxie, yanyi yu fanxiang”惠洪覺範在明代--宋代禪學在晚明的書寫、衍異與反響 [Rewriting Huihong Juefan in the Ming Dynasty]. BIHP 75, no. 4 (2004): 797–837.
───── Zhongbian, shichan, mengxi: Ming mo Qing chu fojiao wenhua lunshu de chengxian yu guanhuai 中邊，詩禪，夢戲：明末清初佛教文化論述的呈現與關懷 [Borders, Chan Poetry, and Dream Plays: Discussion on the Emergence and Concern for Late Ming and Early Qing Buddhist Culture]. Taipei: Yunchen wen hua, 2008.
───── Zhongyi puti: Wan-Ming Qingchu kongmen yimin ji qi jieyi lunshu tanxi 忠義菩提：晚明清初空門遺民及其節議論述探析 [The loyalty of Bodhi: Loyalists in the Monastery and Late Ming and Early Qing Discourse on Fidelity]. Taipei: Academia Sinica Institute of Chinese Literature & Philosophy, 2013.
Liao, Tengye廖藤葉. Zhongguo meng xi yanjiu 中國夢戲研究 [ The Research on Dreams in Chinese Drama]. Taibei: Xueshe chubanshe, 2000.
Lin, Chen-kuo. “Object of cognition in Dignaga''s Alambanapariksavrtti: On the controversial passages in Paramartha''s and Xuanzang''s translations.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 30, no.1 (2008): 117-138.
───── “Svalakṣaṇa (Particular) and Sāmānyalakṣaṇa (Universal) in Abhidharma and Chinese Yogācāra Buddhism.” In Text, History, and Philosophy: Abhidharma across Buddhist Scholastic Traditions, edited by Bart Dessein and Weijen Teng, 375–395. Brill's Indological Library, Vol. 50, 2016.
───── “How to Attain Enlightenment Through Cognition of Particulars and Universals? Huizhao on Svalakṣaṇa and Sāmānyalakṣaṇa.” In Dao Companion to Chinese Buddhist Philosophy. Edited by Wang Youru and Sandra Wawrykyo, 245 – 262. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:  Springer Nature, 2018.
───── “Logic, Scripture, and Hermeneutics in Zhencheng’s Critique of the Thesis of No-motion.” Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (4), (2019): 811-829.
Lin, Shuen-fu. “Chia Pao-yü's First Visit to the Land of Illusion: An Analysis of a Literary Dream in Interdisciplinary Perspective.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 14, (Dec., 1992): 77-106.
Liu, Shijue 劉時覺. “Mingqing shiqi huizhou shangyie de fanrong han xinan yixue de jueqi” 明清時期徽州商業的繁榮和新安醫學的崛起 [The prosperity of Huizhou commerce and the rise of xinan medicine in the Ming and Qing period]. Zhonghua yishi zazhi 中華醫史雜誌 [Journal of Chinese medical history] 17 (1):11-13.
Liu, Shijue 劉時覺, and Yiyan Xue 薛轶燕, eds. Danxi yishu 丹溪逸书 [Lost books by Danxi]. Shanghai: Shanghai Zhongyiyao daxue chubanshe, 2005.
Liu, Wenying 劉文英, and Tianyu Cao 曹田玉. Meng yu zhongguo wenhua夢與中國文化 [Dreams and Chinese Culture]. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 2003.
Liu, Yu. "The Spiritual Journey of an Independent Thinker: The Conversion of Li Zhizao to Catholicism." Journal of World History 22. 3 (2011): 433–53.
Long, Darui. “Managing the Dharma Treasure: Collation, Carving, Printing, and Distribution of the Canon in Late Imperial China.” In Spreading Buddha’s Word in East Asia: The Formation and Transformation of the Chinese Buddhist Canon, edited by Jiang Wu and Lucille Chia, 219-245. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.
Lü, Cheng 呂澂. Yinming ruzhengli lun wutamen qianshi / Yinming-ruzhengli-lun jiangjie 因明入正理論悟他門淺釋 / 因明入正理論講解 [Simple Explanations to Bring Them to Enlightenment on Nyāyapraveśa/ Lectures on Nyāyapraveśa]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company 中華書局, 2007.
Lü, Miaw-fen 呂妙芬. “Practice as Knowledge: Yang-ming Learning and Chiang-hui in Sixteenth-Century China”. Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 1997.
───── Yang Ming xue shi ren she qun: li shi, si xiang yu shi jian 陽明學士人社群──歷史、思想與實踐 [ The Society Gatherings of Yangming Schoolmen: Their History, Thought and Practice]. Beijing: Xin xing chu ban she, 2006.
───── “Ming qing shiren zai jia bai shengxian de liyi shijian” 明清士人在家拜聖賢的禮儀實踐 [Household Worship of Confucian Sages and Worthies by Ming-Qing Confucians]. Historical Inquiry 57 (June 2016): 229-268.
Lu, Zheng 陸拯 (eds.). Wang Kentang yixue quanshu [Complete Compendium of Wang Kentang's Medical Writings] 王肯堂醫學全書. Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe, 1999.
Maciocia, Giovanni. The Psyche in Chinese Medicine: Treatment of Emotional and Mental Disharmonies with Acupuncture and Chinese Herbs. Churchill Livingstone, 2009.
Mair, Victor H. "The Biography of Hua-t'o from the "History of the Three Kingdoms." In The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Victor H. Mair, 688 – 696. Columbia University Press, 1994.
Lusthaus, Dan. Buddhist Phenomenology: A Philosophical Investigation of Yogācāra Buddhism and the Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun. Curzon Critical Studies in Buddhism Series. London: Routledge, 2002.
───── “What Is and What Isn’t Yogacara”, http://www.acmuller.net/yogacara/articles/intro-uni.htm, last accessed on 04.10.2022.
Marinheiro, Cristóvão S. “The Conimbricenses: the last scholastics, the first moderns or something in between. The impact of geographical discoveries on late 16th century Jesuit Aristotelianism.” In Portuguese Humanism and the Republic of Letters, edited by Maria Berbara and Karl A. E. Enenkel, 395 – 425. Brill, 2021.
Matilal, Bimal K., and Robert D. Evans, (eds.). Buddhist Logic and Epistemology: Studies in the Buddhist Analysis of Inference and Language. Springer, 1986.
Mayanagi, Makoto, and Kosoto Hiroshi. “A bibliographical study of the "Jingui Yaolue" (the 1st. report) -- The "Xinbian Jingui Fanglun" published by Deng Zhen in the Yuan dynasty.” Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi, 34(3), (1988): 414-30.
Mazars, Sylvain. Le bouddhisme et la medecine traditionelle de l’Inde. Paris: Springer, 2008.
Meng, Naichang孟乃昌. “Ming men xue shuo xin kao, zai liang qian nian de zheng heng zhong xing cheng” 命門學說新考 － 在兩千年的爭衡中形成 [A New Study on the Theory of Mingmen - Formed in Two Thousand Years of Struggles]. Shan xi zhong yi 山西中醫 4, (1988): 24–26.
Messner, Angelika C. “Emotions in Late Imperial Chinese Medical Discourse: A Preliminary Report.” Ming Qing Yanjiu 9 (1), (Jan. 2002):197-215.
───── "Aspects of Emotion in Late Imperial China. Editor's Introduction to the Thematic Section.” Asiatische Studien/Études Asiatiques LXVI (4), (2013): 893-913.
───── “Knowing and doing emotions in times of crisis and radical change.” L’Atelier du Centre de recherches historiques 16, 2016, https://journals.openedition.org/acrh/6736, last accessed on 30.01.2022.
(2015)reatise on the Soul., ꂈ숀ꂈ甮鉴ঀ﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽si"исправительных лагерей в Сибири в 1945 - 1949 rstaniding his ideas on soul in a CMeynard, Thierry S. J. "The First Treatise on the Soul. An Examination of the Spanish Edition of the Lingyan lishao by Duceux.” Revista filosófica de Coimbra 47 (2015): 203 – 241.
Milburn, Olivia. “Aromas, Scents, and Spices: Olfactory Culture in China before the Arrival of Buddhism.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 136, (2016): 441-464.
Moriyama, Shinya. “A Comparison between the Indian and Chinese Interpretations of the Antinomic Reason (Viruddhāvyabhicārin).” In A Distant Mirror: Articulating Indic Ideas in Sixth and Seventh Century Chinese Buddhism. Edited by Chen-kuo Lin and Michael Radich, 121 – 150. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2014.
Moro, Shigeki. “Xuanzang’s Inference of Yogācāra and Its Interpretation by Shilla Buddhists.” Korean Buddhism in East Asian Perspective, Geumgang University, Seoul: Jimoondang, (2007): 321-331.
───── “Proof of vijñaptimātratā and Mungwe.” Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies 65, No. 3, (March 2017): 1295 – 1301.
Mugler, Charles. Dictionnaire historique de la t erminologie optique des Grecs: douze siècles de dialogues avec la lumière. Paris: Klincksieck, 1964.
Mungello, David E. Curious Land: Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of Sinology, University of Hawaii Press, 1989.
Ng, On-cho. “Theorizing the Neo-Confucian- Buddhist Encounter: The Chinese Religious Habitus and Doxas.” In The Theory and Practice of Zen Buddhism: A Festschrift in Honor of Steven Heine, edited by Charles S. Prebish and On-cho Ng, 123 – 145. Springer, 2022.
Ni, Liangkang倪梁康. “Wang Kentang jiqi Bashi guiju jijie” 王肯堂及其《八识规矩集解》[Wang Kentang and his Bashi guiju song jijie].  Zhongshan daxue xuebao shehui kexue ban中山大学学报社会科学版55, no. 2 (2015): 96-123.
Nicoll-Johnson, Evan Vincent. “Fringes and Seams: Boundaries of Erudition in Early Medieval China.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 2017.
Nylan, Michael. “Beliefs about Seeing: Optics and Moral Technologies in Early China.” Asia Major 21:1 (2008): 110.
Ott, Margus. “Wang Yangming’s Notions of Primary Knowledge and Primary Ability.” Synthesis Philosophica 69 (1/2020):173–196.
Peterson, Willard J. “Western Natural Philosophy Published in Late Ming China.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 117, no. 4 (1973): 311-316.
───── “Confucian Learning in Late Ming Thought.” In The Cambridge History of China, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part 2, vol. 8, edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick Mote, 708-788. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Pocescki, Mario. Ordinary Mind as the Way: The Hongzhou School and the Growth of Chan Buddhism. Oxford University Press, 2007.
Protass, Jason. The Poetry Demon: Song-Dynasty Monks on Verse and the Way. University of Hawaii Press, 2021.
Qiu, Pengsheng 邱澎生. “Youzi yongshi huo fuzuo zixun – wanming youguan falu zhishi de liangzhong jiashiguan” 有资用世或福祚子孙———晚明有关法律知识的两种价值观 [To Help Statecraft or Promote the Happiness for Offspring: Two Views on Legal Knowledge in the Late Ming]. Qinghua faxue清华法学 [Qinghua Legal Studies] 33:1, (2003): 1-43.
───── Dang falu yushang jingji: mingqing zhongguo de shangye falu當法律遇上經濟：明清中國的商業法律 [When Law Meets Economy: Commercial Law in Ming-Qing China]. Taipei: Wu-nan Book Inc, 2008.
Radich, Michael. “The Doctrine of *Amalavijñāna in Paramârtha (499–569), and Later Authors to Approximately 800 C.E.” Zinbun 41 (2008): 45-174.
───── “Ideas about 'Consciousness' in Fifth and Sixth Century Chinese Buddhist Debates on the Survival of Death by the Spirit, and the Chinese Background to *Amalavijñāna.” In A Distant Mirror: Articulating Indic Ideas in Sixth and Seventh Century Chinese Buddhism. Edited by Chen-kuo Lin and Michael Radich, 471-512. Hamburg:  Hamburg University Press, 2014.
Ricci, Matteo. On Friendship: One Hundred Maxims for a Chinese Prince. Translated by Timothy Billings. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.
Robinson, David M. Martial Spectacles of the Ming Court. Harvard University Asia Center, 2013.
Rošker, Jana S. Searching for the Way—Theories of Knowledge in pre-Modern and Modern China. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2008.
───── "Epistemology in Chinese Philosophy." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2018 Edition). Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/chinese-epistemology/, last acces on 12.12.2019.
───── “Chinese theories of perception and the structural approach to comprehension.” In The Senses and the History of Philosophy, edited by Brian Glenney and José F. Silva, 21 – 33. Routledge, 2019.
Salguero, C. Pierce. “The Buddhist Medicine King in Literary Context: Reconsidering an Early Medieval Example of Indian influence on Chinese Medicine and Surgery.” History of Religions 48, no.3 (2009): 183–210.
───── “Mixing Metaphors: Translating the Indian Medical Doctrine Tridoṣa in Chinese Buddhist Sources.” Asian Medicine: Tradition and Modernity 6 (2010–11): 55–74.
─────Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China (Encounters with Asia). University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.
───── Buddhism and Medicine: An Anthology of Premodern Sources. Columbia University Press, 2017.
───── “A Missing Link in the History of Chinese Medicine: A Research Note on the Medical Contents in the Chinese Buddhist Taishō Tripiṭaka.” East Asian Science, Medicine, and Technology 47 (2018): 93–119.
───── “Buddhist Medicine and its Circulation.”  Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, edited by David Ludden. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
───── Buddhist Healing in Medieval China and Japan. University of Hawaii Press, 2020.
───── A Global History of Buddhism and Medicine. Columbia University Press, 2022.
Sassman, Manuel. “A Moral Verdict of Reasonable Doubts: Ouyi Zhixu’s Argumentative Strategies in the Collection of Refutations against Vicious Doctrines.” In Powerful Arguments: Standards of Validity in Late Imperial China. Edited by Martin Hofmann, Joachim Kurtz, and Ari Daniel Levine, 528 – 564. Sinica Leidensia, vol. 146. Brill, 2020.
Schmithausen, Lambert. On the Problem of the External World in the Ch’eng wei shih lun. Electronic Edition with Corrections and Additions. Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies of the International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies, 2015.
Schnorrenberger, Claus C. “Anatomical Roots of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine.” Schweiz Z Ganzheitsmed (2013):110–118.
Sela, Ori. Philological Turn: Scholars, Textualism, and the Dao in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University, 2018.
Shaw, Vivien, Rui Diogo, and Winder, Isabelle C. “Hiding in Plain Sight-ancient Chinese anatomy.” The Anatomical Record 305, (2022):1201–1214.
Shen, Jianying 沈劍英. Yinming xue yanjiu 因明學研究 [Study of Buddhist yinming Logic]. (Shanghai: Dongfang chuban zhongxin 東方出版中心, 2002.
Shi, Shengyan 釋聖嚴. Mingmo fojiao yanjiu 明末佛教研究 [The Research of the Late Ming Buddhist Thought]. Taipei: Dongchu chubanshe, 1987.
Shi, Taixu  釋太虛. “Ping Yinshun gong bu-gong yanjiu評印順共不共研究 .” Faxiang weishi xue法相唯識學 [Anthology of Taixu’s Writings on Yogācāra]. Beijing:  Shangwu yinshu guan, 2012.
Sigismondi, Costantino. “Christopher Clavius astronomer and mathematician.” Journal for Occultation Astronomy, (2012): 20-23.
Simmons, Alison. “Cognitive Psychology in Early Jesuit Scholasticism.” In The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773. Vol. 1. Edited by John Malley et al., 522 – 537. University of Toronto Press, 1999.
Sinha, Jadunath. Indian Psychology: Perception, Routledge, 1999.
Simonis, Fabian. “Illness, Texts, and “Schools” in Danxi Medicine: A New Look at Chinese Medical History from 1320 to 1800.” In Antiquarianism, Language, and Medical Philology, edited by Benjamin A. Elman, 52 – 80. Brill, 2015.
Sinha, Jadunath. Indian Psychology: Perception. Routledge, 1999.
Sivin, Nathan. “Science, and Medicine in Chinese History.” In Heritage of China, edited by Paul S. Ropp, 164 – 196. Unversity of California Press, 1990.
───── "Science and Medicine in Imperial China—The State of the Field." The Journal of Asian Studies 47(1, 1988): 41–90.
───── "Huang ti nei ching 黃帝內經." In Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide, edited by Michael Loewe, 196-215. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993.
Standaert, Nicholas. Yang Tingyun, Confucian and Christian in Late Ming China: His Life and Thought. Sinica Leidensia 19. Leiden: E.J.Brill, 1988.
───── The Intercultural Weaving of Historical Texts: Chinese and European Stories About Emperor Ku and His Concubines. Brill: Leiden Comparative Historiography, 2016.
───── “Matteo Ricci: Shaped by the Chinese”. Thinking Faith: The Online Journal of the British Jesuits, May 21, 2010, https://www.jesuit.org.uk/matteo-ricci-shaped-chinese , last access on 10.12.2019.
Strassberg, Richard. Wandering spirits: Chen Shiyuan’s Encyclopaedia of Dreams. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
Struve, Lynn A. The Dreaming Mind and the End of the Ming World, University of Hawaii Press, 2019.
───── “Dreaming and Self-Search during the Ming Collapse: The "Xue Xiemeng Biji". 1642-1646, T'oung Pao, Second Series, Vol. 93, Fasc. 1/3 (2007): 159-192.
Tachikawa, Musashi立川武藏. “A sixth-century manual of Indian logic.” Journal of Indian Philosophy 1, no. 2 (1971):111-145.
Tang, Mingjun. “Materials for the Study of Xuanzang's Inference of Consciousness-only (wei shi bi liang 唯識比量).” Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens / Vienna Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 56/57, Hetuvidyā and the Science of Pramāṇa: The South Asian Scene and East Asian Developments, (2015-2018): 143-198.
Thibodeau, Philip. “Ancient Optics: Theories and Problems of Vision.” In A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome, edited by Georgia L Irbi, 130 – 145. Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.
Toulmin, Stephen. Return to Reason. Harvard University Press, 2001.
Suter, Rafael. “Pre-Buddhist Conceptions of Vision and Visuality in China and Their Traces in Early Reflections on Painting.” Asiatische Studien / Études Asiatiques 74, vol. 4 (2020):1013-1079.
Unschuld, Paul U. “The Chinese Reception of Indian Medicine in the First Millennium A.D.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 53, no. 3 (1979): 329–45.
───── Essential Subtleties on the Silver Sea. The Yin-hai jing-wei: A Chinese Classic on Ophthalmology, University of California Press, 1998.
─────Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen: Nature, Knowledge, Imagery in an Ancient Chinese Medical Text, University of California Press, 2003.
─────Medicine in China: A History of Ideas, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010 [1985].
───── Huang Di Nei Jing Ling Shu: The Ancient Classic on Needle Therapy. University of California Press, 2016.
Vance, Brigid E. “Textualizing Dreams in a Late Ming Dream Encyclopedia.” Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 2012.
Volker, Scheid. Currents of Tradition in Chinese Medicine 1626-2006, Eastland Press, 2007.
───── “Promoting Free Flow in the Networks: Reimagining the Body in Early Modern Suzhou.” History of Science, (2007): 1–37.
───── “Holism, Chinese Medicine and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future.” In The Edinburgh Companion to the Critical Medical Humanities, edited by Angela Woods and Anne Whitehead, 66–86. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016.
Wang, Qiyuan 王啟元. “Cong “longzi” dao “shali” – wanly ershi nian zibo zhenke de nuli he juxian” 從「龍子」到「舍利」－萬曆二十年紫柏真可的努力和局限 [From Longzi to Relic: Master Zibo Zhenke's Endeavors and their Limits in the 20th year of the Wanli Period]. Fo Guang Journal of Buddhist Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 205 – 243.
Waldron, William S. The Buddhist Unconscious: The Ālayavijñāna in the Context of Indian Buddhist Thought. London, New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
Wang, Qiyuan 王啟元. “Cong wutaishan dao jingshan: mizang daokai yu jiaxingzang chuqi jingchang chengli lunkao” 從五臺山到徑山:密藏道開與《嘉興藏》初期經場成立論考 [From Mount Wutai to Mount Jingshan: Mizang Daokai and the Founding of the Early Printing Sites of the Jiaxing Canon]. Dharma Drum Journal of Buddhist Studies 20, (2017): 129-157.
Wang, Zunwang王尊旺. “Mingdai shujishi kaolun”明代庶吉士考論 [Examinations of Shujishi in Ming Dynasty]. Shixue yue kan史學月刊[Journal of Historical Science] 8, 2006.
Wang, Frederic. “The Tongnian Network in Matteo Ricci's Intellectual Network.” In New Perspectives in Studies of Matteo Ricci, edited by Filippo Mignini, 59-75. Macerata, Quodlibet, 2019.
Wayman, Alex. “Yogācāra and the Buddhist Logicians.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 2 (1979): 65–78.
───── Buddhist Insights: Essays. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.,1999.
Watson, Burton. The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu. Columbia University Press, 1968.
Wei, Sophie Ling-Chia. Chinese Theology and Translation: The Christianity of the Jesuit Figurists and Their Christianized Yijing. Routledge Studies in Asian Religion and Philosophy, 26. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Welter, Albert. The Meaning of Myriad Good Deeds: A Study of Yung-ming Yen-shou and the Wan-shan t'ung-kuei chi. Asian Thought and Culture Series, no. 13. New York, Bonn, et. al.: Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 1993.
───── Monks, Rulers, and Literati: The Political Ascendancy of Chan Buddhism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
───── Yongming Yanshou’s Conception of Chan in the Zongjing Lu. Oxford University Press, 2011.
───── “Beyond Lineage Orthodoxy: Yongming Yanshou’s Model of Chan as Bodhisattva Cultivation”, Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 26 (2013): 1 – 31.
Wen, Haimin. “Continuity of Heart-mind and Things-events: A Systematic Reconstruction of Neo-Confucian Epistemology.” Asian Philosophy 21, no 3 (2011): 269 - 290.
Wu, Jen-shu 巫仁恕. Pinwei shehua: wanming de xiaofei shehu yu shidaifu品味奢華: 晚明的消費社會與士大夫 [Taste of Luxury: Consumer society and the scholar-literati circle in the late Ming dynasty]. Taipei: Academia Sinica, 2007.
Wu, Jiang. “Buddhist Logic and Apologetics in 17th Century in China: An Analysis of the Use of Buddhist Syllogisms in an Anti-Christian Polemic.” Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy， 2.2 (June 2003): 273-289.
─────Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-China, Oxford University Press; reprint edition, 2011.
Wu, Jiang, and Lucille Chia. Spreading Buddha's Word in East Asia: The Formation and Transformation of the Chinese Buddhist Canon. Columbia University Press, 2015.
Wujastyk, Dominik. The Roots of Ayurveda: Selections from Sankskrit Medical Writings. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1998.
Xu, Guangtai徐光台. “Mingmo xifang jiaoyu de chuanru ji lishi fansi” 明末西方教育的傳入及歷史反思 [Reflections on the Introduction of Western Education into Late Ming China]. Taiwan dongya wenming yanjiu xuekan 臺灣東亞文明研究學刊 [Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies]1, no. 2 (2004): 77-104.
Xu, Shengxin徐聖心. “Wanming weishixue jingdian quanshi yanjiu – yi Bashi guiju song wei duibi taolun jichu,” 晩明唯識學經典詮釋研究－以「八識規矩頌」爲對比討論 [ Research of Late Ming Commentaries on Yogacara Texts: On the Example of Comparative Analisys of Bashi Guiju Song Commentaries]. Guoli Taiwan daxue zhongwen xuexiji yanjiu suo, Xingzhengyuan guojiaxue weiyuanhui zhuanti yanjiu jihua chengguo baogao, 2004.
Xu, Yongwen 徐永文. Mingdai difang ruxue yanjiu 明代地方儒學研究 [The Research on Local Confucian Education in Ming Dynasty]. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 2012.
Yamabe, Nobuyoshi. “Yogācāra Influence on the Northern School of Chan Buddhism.” In Buddhist Meditative Traditions: Their Origin and Development, edited by Kuo-pin Chuang, 249 – 314. Taipei: Shih Wen Feng, 2014.
Yamada, Keiji 山田慶兒. Yigaku no denju 醫學の傳授[The Transmission of Medicine]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1990.
Yang, Chih-Chang. “How Did Late-Ming Commentators Rebuild the Interrupted Commentarial Tradition of the Cheng Weishi Lun?” Ph.D. dissertation. National Chengchi University, 2019.
Yang Weizhong楊維中. “Mingdai putai xi, gaoyuan mingyu xi, huayan zong,weishixue chuancheng kaoshu”明代普泰系、高原明昱系華嚴宗、唯識學傳承考述 [A Research on the Inheritance of Huayan School and Yogacara in the Cliques of Putai and Gaoyuan Mingyu in the Ming Dynasty]. Huayan zhuanzong guoji xueshu yantaohui lunwenji華嚴專宗國際學術研討會論文集 [Collected Papers of the International Conference on Huayan Teaching] vol.1, (2015):109 – 132.
Yü, Chün-fang. The Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-hung and the Late Ming Synthesis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.
Yu, Lu. Harmonious Disagreement: Matteo Ricci and His Closest Chinese Friends. Asian Thought and Culture Series, Peter Lang Inc., 2015.
Yu, Ning. “The Eyes for Sight and Mind.” Journal of Pragmatics 36, (2004): 663–686.
───── “Heart and Cognition in Ancient Chinese Philosophy.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 7 (1/2, 2007): 27–47.
───── “Body and emotion: Body parts in Chinese expression of emotion.” In the special issue on “The Body in Description of Emotion: Cross-linguistic Studies”, edited by N. J. Enfield and Anna Wierzbicka, Pragmatics and Cognition 10: 333–358.
Yuan, Jingmei. “Aristotelian Logic in China – A Case Study of the Chinese translations of Euclid’s Elements.” Journal of East-West Thought 2, (2012): 81–94.
Zhang, Dewei. “The Collapse of Beijing as a Buddhist Centre: As Viewed from the Activities of Eminent Monks, 1522 to 1620.” Journal of Asian History 43, No. 2 (2009): 137-163.
───── Thriving in Crisis: Buddhism and Political Disruption in China, 1522–1620. New York: Columbia University Press, 2020.
Zhang, Qiong. “Hybridizing Scholastic Psychology with Chinese Medicine: A Seventeenth-Century Chinese Catholic's Conceptions of "Xin" (Mind and Heart).”
Early Science and Medicine 13, no. 4 (2008): 313-360.
───── Making the New World Their Own: Chinese Encounters with Jesuit Science in the Age of Discovery, Brill, 2015.
Zhang, Xuezhi. History of Chinese Philosophy in the Ming Dynasty. Translated by Benjamin Michael Coles, Springer Singapore, 2021.
Zhang, Ying et al. Chinese-English Dictionary of Ming Government Official Titles明代職官中英辭典, 2017, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bz3v185, last accessed on 07.02.2023.
Zhang,Zhi’an張治安. “Mingdai hanlinyuan zhi zuzhi ji zhizhang” 明代翰林院之組織及職掌 [The Structure and Duties of Hanlin Academy in Ming Era]. Guoli zhengzhi daxue xuebao國立政治大學學報 [The National Cheng Chi University Journal] 32, (1975): 13-40.
Zhang, Zhiqiang張志強. “Weishi sixiang yu wanming weishixue yanjiu” 唯識思想與晚明唯識學研究 [Consiousness-only Thought and Late Ming Research of Consiousness-only Thought]. In Zhongguo Fojiao xueshu lundian中國佛教學術論典7, 291–439. Kaohsiung: Foguangshan wenjiao jijinhui, 2001.
Zhu, Weizheng 朱維錚 (ed.). Li Madou zhong wen zhu yi ji利瑪竇中文著譯集 [The Chinese Works and Translations of Matteo Ricci]. Fudan daxue chubanshe 復旦大學出版社, Shanghai, 2001.
Zhu Xi. The Original Meaning of the Book of Changes: Commentary on the Scripture of Changes. Translated and edited by Joseph A. Adler, Columbia University Press, New York, 2020.
Zhu, Yingzheng諸穎政. “Wanming shiren zhishi quwei de duoyangxing – yi wang kentang wei zhongxin wei” 晚明士人知識趣味的多樣性─ 以王肯堂為中心的考察 [The Diversity of the Interests of Late Ming Scholars: On the Example of Wang Kentang]. Master’s thesis. Fudan university復旦大學, Department of History, Shanghai, 2012.
Zhou, Zuyi周祖貽, Tan, Daquan譚達全, and Liu, Rui 劉銳. “Migdai yijia wang Kentang yixue chengjiu” 明代一家王肯堂成就[Medical Achievements of Ming Dynasty Physician Wang Kentang]. Hunan zhongyiyao daxue xuebao湖南中醫藥大學學報 [Journal of TCM of University of Hunan] 30, No. 9 (2010): 134 – 139.
Zürcher, Erik. “The Spread of Buddhism and Christianity in Imperial China: Spontaneous Diffusion versus Guided Propagation.” In Buddhism in China: Collected Papers of Erik Zürcher.Edited by Johnathan A. Silk, 377 – 391. Brill, 2013.
Zurndorfer, Harriet.  “China and Science on the Eve of the 'Great Divergence' 1600-1800: A Review of Recent Revisionist Scholarship in Western Languages.” History of Technology 29 (2009): 81-101. 
Zysk, Kenneth. Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India: Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1998 [1991].