本論文探討美國聯邦及州政府為吸引台灣半導體公司的海外直接投資（FDI）所採行的策略與操作架構。當半導體製造已成為全球經濟安全的關鍵，本研究分析美國如何在此背景下重新塑造與身為先進晶片製造全球霸主的台灣之雙邊合作關係。研究採用質性個案研究方法，結合政策文件分析與對聯邦官員及亞利桑那州的駐台貿易代表之半結構式訪談，以檢視產業政策在實際執行與落地情形。

此研究介紹《晶片與科學法案》（CHIPS and Science Act）為美國供應鏈回流的主要聯邦支柱，透過補助與稅務抵減機制，協助分散龐大資本投資所面臨的風險。然而，成功同樣仰賴跨部會協調機制的運作，其中美國商務部與美國在台協會（AIT）扮演關鍵橋樑角色，用以弭平政策溝通上的落差。在州層級方面，亞利桑那州能吸引逾數十億美元投資，主要歸功於在地化的投資誘因以及與大學建立的合作關係，從而形成具韌性的供應鏈樞紐。

研究亦發現企業面臨多項結構性挑戰，包括顯著的成本差距、跨文化管理摩擦以及繁複的行政程序。此外，聯邦政府的政權更迭與協議重談，也為政策環境帶來新的不確定性。整體而言，這些協調行動為更具韌性且高度整合的美台半導體生態系奠定了基礎。

This thesis investigates the strategic and operational frameworks employed by U.S. federal and state governments to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) from Taiwanese semiconductor firms. In an era where semiconductor manufacturing is essential to global economic security, this research explores how the United States is reshaping its bilateral partnership with Taiwan, the world’s dominant player in advanced chip fabrication. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, the study combines policy document reviews with semi-structured interviews of federal officials and Arizona-based trade representative to analyze the actual implementation of high-level industrial policies.
The findings introduces the CHIPS and Science Act as the primary federal pillar for reshoring, providing the grants and tax credits necessary to de-risk massive capital investments. However, success relied equally on coordinated interdepartmental mechanisms, with the U.S. Department of Commerce and American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) acting as critical conduits to bridge communication gaps. At the state level, Arizona’s success in attracting over billions of investments is attributed to localized incentives and university partnerships that created a robust supply chain hub.
The research also covers that firms face significant structural challenges, including a substantial cost gap, cultural management friction, and bureaucratic complexity. Furthermore, political transitions and the renegotiation of agreements between federal administrations have introduced new policy uncertainties. Ultimately, all these coordinated efforts have laid the foundation for a more resilient and integrated U.S.-Taiwan semiconductor ecosystem.

1. Semiconductor Industry Association (July, 2025). 2025 State of the U.S. Semiconductor Industry
2. U.S. Congressional Research Service (August, 2025). U.S.–Taiwan Trade and Economic Relations
3. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Balance of Payments and Direct Investment Position Data
4. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S.: Balance of Payments and Direct Investment Position Data
5. Trading Economics (July 2025) Taiwan Forex Reserves Hit New Record in June
6. Center for Strategic and International Studies (January 2025) Silicon Island: Assessing Taiwan’s Importance to U.S. Economic Growth and Security
7. Taiwan Semiconductor Industry Association. (July, 2025) Overview on Taiwan IC Industry - 2025 Edition
8. U.S. Congressional Research Service (March, 2025). Taiwan’s Role in Global Semiconductor Supply Chains
9. Miller, Chris (April 2022). Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology
10. ITRI Today (Fall 2023). The Birth of Taiwan’s Semiconductor Industry
11. Semiconductor Industry Association (2025) State of the Semiconductor Industry 2025
12. Project 2049 Institute and the US-Taiwan Business Council (2023) U.S. Taiwan, and Semiconductors: A Critical Supply Chain Partnership
13. CSIS (January 2025) Silicon Island: Assessing Taiwan’s Importance to U.S. Economic Growth and Security
14. Bloomberg (May 2025) Carrots and Sticks to Bring Manufacturing Jobs Back in the US
15. S&P Global (April 2024) BriefCASE: Taiwan earthquake puts the spotlight back on chip supply chain diversification
16. Research Institute for Democracy, Society, and Emerging Technology (February 2025) Climate Change and Infrastructure Resilience: An Analysis of Water Resources and Electricity Use in Taiwan’s Semiconductor Industry
17. TSMC 2024 Annual Report Website (2025) p.17 TSMC 2024 Annual Report Website
18. Reuters (2025) Trump says US to levy 100% tariff on imported chips, but some firms exempt
19. Focus Taiwan (2025) 100% tariff likely to shift more Taiwanese chipmaking to U.S.: Expert
20. White House (April, 2025) Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Ensures National Security and Economic Resilience Through Section 232 Actions on Processed Critical Minerals and Derivative Products
21. Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. Department of Commerce (2025) Section 232 Investigations : The Effect of Imports on the National Security
22. German Marshall Fund (August 2025) Taiwan’s Growing Distrust of the United States
23. Taiwan News (February 2025) Large majority of Taiwanese oppose transfer of cutting-edge TSMC tech to US
24. CommonWealth (March 2025) TSMC’s Biggest U.S. Investment: The Beginning of Taiwan’s Semiconductor Decline?
25. Taipei Times (November 2025) TSMC expansion pushes Taiwanese working in US to record high
26. Foreign Policy Research Institute (July 2025) The Impact of Trump’s Tariff on Taiwan
27. TSMC (March 2025) TSMC Intends to Expand Its Investment in the United States to USD 165 Billion to Power the Future of AI
28. U.S. Department of Commerce.Bureaus and offices
29. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. About us
30. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. (June 2025) THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANNOUNCES NEW AUTO TARIFF OFFSET PROCESS
31. Global Markets, ITA, U.S. DOC. Global Markets
32. Industry & Analysis (I&A), ITA, U.S. DOC. Industry & Analysis (I&A)
33. Enforcement & Compliance (E&C), ITA, U.S. DOC. Enforcement & Compliance (E&C)
34. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (March 2024) CHIPS Technology Protection Guidebook, CHIPS for America Guidebook
35. Bureau of Economic, Energy, and Business Affairs, U.S. Department of States. Bureau of Economic, Energy, and Business Affairs
36. Functional Bureau Strategies, U.S. Department of States. Functional Bureau Strategies
37. National Security Council, The Biden Presidency, The White House. National Security Council
38. CFIUS Overview, Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) U.S. Department of Treasury
39. American States Offices Association (ASOA). American States Offices Association
40. American Institute in Taiwan. Policy & History
41. Arizona Commerce Authority (March 2023) Arizona Opens New Trade and Investment Office in Taiwan
42. Yahoo Finance (June 2023) Taiwan-Arizona ties: the history behind TSMC's decision to build USD 12 billion chip plant in southwestern US
43. Arizona Commerce Authority (March 2023). Arizona Opens New Trade and Investment Office in Taiwan
44. American Institute in Taiwan (August 2022) THE PASSAGE OF THE CHIPS AND SCIENCE ACT OF 2022
45. World Economic Forum (October 2024) What's in the new Building Chips in America Act and what does it mean for the semiconductor industry?
46. U.S. National Science Foundation, CHIPS and Science
47. ITA, About SelectUSA
48. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Research & Development Programs
49. Morgan Lewis (March 2023) FIRST 'CHIPS FOR AMERICA' FUNDING OPPORTUNITY PROVIDES USD 39B FOR DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURERS
50. National Institution of Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce
51. Semiconductor Industry Association Semiconductor Supply Chain Investment (July 2025)
52. U.S. Department of Commerce (2024) Biden-Harris Administration Announces CHIPS Incentives Award with Intel to Advance U.S. Leading-Edge Chip Capacity and Create Tens of Thousands of Jobs
53. National Institution of Standard and Technology NOTICE OF FUNDING OPPORTUNITY (NOFO) CHIPS Incentives Program – Commercial Fabrication Facilities
54. National Institute of Standards and Technology CHIPS for America Awards
55. Semiconductor Industry Association Semiconductor Supply Chain Investments
56. National Institute of Standards and Technology TSMC Arizona, CHIPS for America
57. TSMC News (March 2025) TSMC Intends to Expand Its Investment in the United States to USD 165 Billion to Power the Future of AI
58. NIST (November 2024): Biden-Harris Administration Announces CHIPS Incentives Award with TSMC Arizona to Secure U.S. Leadership in Advanced Semiconductor Technolog
59. Spherical Insights (October 2025) Top 50 Companies in Monocrystalline Silicon Wafers Market: Key Insights And Innovations
60. Intel Market Research (February 2025) Silicon Wafer Market Growth Analysis, Market Dynamics, Key Players and Innovations, Outlook and Forecast 2025-2032
61. NCBC (March 2025): Chipmakers get larger tax credits in Trump’s latest ‘big beautiful bill
62. Biden Whitehouse (August 2024) FACT SHEET: Two Years after the CHIPS and Science Act, Biden-Harris Administration Celebrates Historic Achievements in Bringing Semiconductor Supply Chains Home, Creating Jobs, Supporting Innovation, and Protecting National Security
63. Manufacturing Dive (December 2024) Tracking CHIPS and Science Act awards
64. Bloomberg (March 2025) Trump Calls Chips Act ‘Horrible, Horrible Thing’
65. The News & Observer (December 2025) Trump administration ends $285 million CHIPS award for Durham semiconductor site
66. The White House (March 2025) Executive Order, Establishing the United States Investment Accelerator
67. Intel (August 2025) Intel and Trump Administration Reach Historic Agreement to Accelerate American Technology and Manufacturing Leadership
68. CBS News (August 2025) Nvidia, AMD to pay U.S. government 15% of China AI chip sales in an unusual export agreement
69. American Institute of Physics (November 2025) Trump Administration Overhauls CHIPS R&D Plans
70. Arizona’s Opportunity for Business, Arizona Commerce Authority. Arizona’s Opportunity for Business
71. Quality Jobs Tax Credit, Arizona Commerce Authority. Quality Jobs Tax Credit
72. Summary of Quality Jobs Tax Credit, Arizona Commerce Authority. Summary of Quality Jobs Tax Credit
73. White House (August 2025): TRUMP EFFECT: A Running List of New U.S. Investment in President Trump’s Second Term
74. SIA (December 2024): SIA Commends Finalization of CHIPS Incentives for GlobalWafers
75. Reuters (2025): GlobalWafers opens new US factory; plans additional USD 4 bln investment
76. Semiconductor Industry Association (July 2025) Semiconductor Supply Chain Investments
77.
78. Manufacturing Dive (August 2025) Commerce Department cuts $7.4B CHIPS funding from Natcast
79. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce American Institute in Taiwan’s USCS Offerings
80. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce SelectUSA Investor Guide
81. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce State Fact Sheets
82. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Reports and Publications
83. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Workforce Data Analysis
84. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce SelectUSA Tech
85. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce SelectUSA
86. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Select Global Women in Tech
87. MediaTek (June 2022) MediaTek Announces Commitment to Open New Semiconductor Design Center at Purdue University in Indiana
88. Arizona Commerce Authority (March 2023) Arizona Opens New Trade and Investment Office in Taiwan
89. Arizona Commerce Authority (September 2024) Arizona Commerce Authority Leads Delegation Visit to Taiwan
90. Arizona Commerce Authority (September 2025) Arizona Commerce Authority Leads Workforce-Focused Delegation Visit to Taiwan
91. National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (September 2025) NYCU and University of Arizona Sign Declaration to Launch North American Talent & Innovation Hub
92. National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Arizona State University (ASU) and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST) have joined forces to offer a "1+1" dual master's degree program
93. National Chi Nan University (September 2025) National Chi Nan University and the University of Arizona sign an LOI to deepen connections in technology and sustainability fields
94. Arizona Commerce Authority (September 2025) Arizona Partners Signed Declaration of Collaboration with National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in Taiwan to Create Talent & Innovation Hub in Arizona
95. McKinsey & Company (April 2025) Semiconductors have a big opportunity—but barriers to scale remain
96. RSM (November 2023) U.S. semiconductors: An outlook of promise and challenges
97. Manufacturing Dive (June 2025) Lutnick says Commerce Department ‘renegotiating’ CHIPS contracts
98. CNBC (September 2025) U.S. Commerce head Lutnick wants Taiwan to help America make 50% of its chips locally
99. Techsoda (March, 2025) Deep Dive: Is TSMC's $100b Investment Signalling A US Chip Revival?
100. Semiconductor Industry Association (July 2025) Semiconductor Supply Chain Investments
101. National Institute of Standards and Technology TSMC Arizona
102. Taipei Times (November 2025) TSMC expansion pushes Taiwanese working in U.S. to record high
103. Greater Houston Partnership (October 2025) Houston Leads U.S. Manufacturing Reshoring with Taiwanese Investments Surge
104. Bloomberg (March 2025) Tariff Threats Spur TSMC’s Taiwan Peers to Seek US Expansion
105. U.S. Congressional Research Service (August, 2025). U.S.–Taiwan Trade and Economic Relations
106. China Airlines (July 2025) A First for Asia! China Airlines Inaugurates Direct Flights between Taipei and Phoenix Starting December 3 Emerging Tech Hub Set to Join Network
107. STARLUX Airlines (July 2025) STARLUX Airlines Launches Phoenix’s First Nonstop Flight to Asia Starting January 15, 2026