本研究旨在探討石油資源豐富國家在面臨「資源(石油)詛咒」現象時，制度品質、財政治理與經濟多元化策略，可能扮演的調節性角色。過往文獻多指出，石油富足往往與經濟單一化、民主倒退與治理失靈存在高度關聯，但不同政治制度與治理能力是否會改變此一關係，仍有進一步比較與檢驗的必要。研究方法方面，本文以質性分析為主，並輔以近年量化統計資料作為背景參照，透過比較個案研究法中的「多樣案例法」(Diverse Case Method)，選取三個石油依賴程度相近、但制度類型各異的小型出口國加彭、挪威與卡達，作為比較樣本。研究將從政治制度與治理品質、財政透明度與主權財富基金運作，以及經濟多元化與社會發展等面向展開分析，並對照國際組織之相關評比與數據，以建構具操作性的制度比較架構。預期研究成果在理論與實務上皆具貢獻。理論層面上，本研究有助於深化資源詛咒理論對制度條件的解釋力，並檢視不同治理模式下資源依賴的發展差異。政策層面上，本研究可為非洲產油國提供制度改革、財政治理與經濟多元化的政策參照，並為未來延伸至其他資源類型或國家的比較研究奠定基礎。

This study aims to explore the moderating roles that institutional quality, fiscal governance, and economic diversification strategies may play when petroleum-rich countries face the phenomenon of the “resource (oil) curse.” Previous literature has frequently indicated that oil abundance is often highly correlated with economic monoculture, democratic backsliding, and governance failure. However, whether different political systems and governance capacities can alter this relationship remains an issue that requires further comparative investigation.

Methodologically, this research primarily adopts a qualitative analytical approach, supplemented by recent quantitative statistical data as contextual references. Using the Diverse Case Method within comparative case study research, it selects three small oil-exporting countries—Gabon, Norway, and Qatar—which have similar levels of oil dependency but markedly different institutional types, as comparative cases. The analysis focuses on several dimensions, including political systems and governance quality, fiscal transparency and the operation of sovereign wealth funds, as well as economic diversification and social development. These are further cross-examined against relevant indicators and data from international organizations to construct an operational framework for institutional comparison.

The expected findings will contribute to both theory and practice. On the theoretical level, this study seeks to deepen the explanatory power of resource curse theory regarding institutional conditions and examine developmental divergences in resource-dependent countries under different governance models. On the policy level, the research provides policy references on institutional reform, fiscal governance, and economic diversification for oil-producing countries in Africa and lays the groundwork for future comparative studies involving other types of natural resources or countries.

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